Articles tagged with Microrna
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered that small RNAs on the X chromosome play a crucial role in male fertility, escaping silencing effects and influencing sperm formation. This finding opens up new possibilities for understanding and potentially treating male infertility and developing non-hormonal contraceptives.
Researchers from Baylor College of Medicine discovered a molecular switch involving nuclear hormone receptors and microRNAs that coordinates stage transitions in Caenorhabditis elegans. This finding may provide insights into cancer development, particularly hormone-dependent cancers. The study suggests a link between development and en...
Researchers have identified genetic markers associated with aggressive head and neck cancer, specifically miR-205 and let-7d. These microRNA levels can predict poor survival outcomes and may lead to targeted treatment options.
Researchers at Singapore's Genome Institute of Singapore and the US have identified microRNA-125b as a novel regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The study found that this microRNA keeps p53 levels low during embryonic development, but allows for an increase in p53 to prevent tumor formation if DNA is damaged. Elevated levels of...
Researchers at Whitehead Institute and National University of Singapore have discovered a microRNA, miRNA-125b, that downregulates the tumor-suppressor gene p53. This finding provides new insights into cancer development and highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling critical genes.
Researchers have discovered that microRNAs dampen target gene expression in specific cells by working in concert with other regulatory processes. Key muscle-regulatory miRNAs, such as miR-1 and miR-133, function to mediate actin organization in developing muscles.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have discovered how the Myc cancer-promoting gene uses microRNAs to control glutamine, a major energy source for cancer cells. This finding may lead to identifying new pathways to target for designing drugs with fewer side effects.
Researchers found that microRNA 182 is over-expressed in metastatic melanoma cell lines and tissues, leading to increased invasive capacity and metastatic potential. Inhibiting miRNA 182 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma.
A recent study by Boston University researchers has identified a class of microRNAs that regulate gene expression changes in airway cells caused by smoking and lung cancer. These findings may lead to a non-invasive biomarker for smoking-related lung diseases, improving early diagnosis and treatment options.
Researchers have identified a single microRNA, miR-138, critical to the development of heart chambers in zebrafish. This discovery may provide new approaches for treating congenital heart defects. The study showed that miR-138 regulates numerous gene functions and is required during a specific developmental window.
Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a way to control oncolytic viruses using microRNAs, which can restrict them to specific tissues and make them safer for use in cancer therapy. This discovery could lead to new methods of making safer vaccines.
A billion-year-old history of microRNAs has been discovered in ancient animal lineages, including sponges and starlet sea anemones. This finding suggests that these tiny molecules have evolved rapidly across various species, potentially playing a key role in the emergence of multicellular life.
Researchers identify a small molecule that blocks miR-21, a key player in brain and various types of cancer. The discovery offers new hope for developing targeted cancer therapies with fewer side effects.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that certain microRNAs regulate growth and aging processes in plants by inhibiting TCP transcription factors. This results in slower aging and increased lifespan, with potential applications for cultivating longer-lived and faster-growing plants.
A study by Maatouk et al. reveals that DICER1 is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice, with defects leading to functionally abnormal sperm. Meanwhile, Morgan et al.'s research on mouse embryos demonstrates the impact of culture conditions on epigenetic regulation and adult health.
Researchers developed a novel approach to analyze cellular waste, discovering previously hidden relationships between genes and small molecules that can turn them off. The study found four new microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, boosting the total to 183.
A joint research study by IBM and the Genome Institute of Singapore found that microRNAs control stem cell differentiation through coding regions beyond the 3'UTR, challenging previous assumptions. The discovery has implications for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Gary Ruvkun and colleagues discovered that tiny molecules of RNA can control the activity of critical genes in animals and plants. MicroRNAs may control one third of human protein-coding genes and have potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of disorders.
MicroRNA researcher Victor Ambros, PhD, received the prestigious Lasker Award alongside Gary Ruvkun and David Baulcombe. The award recognizes their work on microRNAs, which are now understood to regulate genes in both animals and plants.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that miR-126 is essential for creating new vessels in developing embryos and repair of injured blood vessels. However, its role in maintaining established vascular systems is unclear.
Researchers found that microRNA miR-126 regulates vascular development, structure, migration, proliferation and survival of endothelial cells. The study provides clues to potential therapeutic targets for diseases impacted by the vascular system.
Researchers discovered how microRNAs fit into the map of embryonic stem cell circuitry, providing clues for targeting specific microRNAs to direct an embryonic stem cell into another type of cell. The study also provides a better platform for analyzing microRNA gene expression in cancer and other diseases.
The JDRF Scholar Award is granted to individual scientists who exhibit a unique creative vision and approach to research. Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone and Dr. Mark Cooper are the recipients of this prestigious award, which provides them with $250,000 annually for up to five years to conduct specialized research.
A new study found that microRNA may influence the development of alcohol tolerance by regulating gene expression in brain cells. MicroRNA-9 was shown to block the expression of certain BK channel variants, which exhibited high alcohol sensitivity and low tolerance.
Researchers have identified microRNAs in blood plasma and serum that can signal the presence of various solid-tumor cancers at an early stage. The discovery has potential to become a new class of biomarkers for early cancer detection, offering advantages over protein-based systems.
Duke University scientists discovered how the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) hides during its inactive phase, using molecular understanding to provide a framework for studying latent viruses. The findings also offer hope for a potential cure by activating and killing the dormant virus with a new drug.
Researchers at Tufts University have found that Smad proteins control the processing of a subset of microRNA, including miR-21. This discovery reveals a new role of Smad proteins in regulating microRNA processing, which is a contributing factor in cardiovascular disorders and cancer.
A team of researchers at Thomas Jefferson University and Ohio State University Medical Center has identified a specific gene signature profile associated with metastasis. This signature is composed mainly of overexpressed microRNAs and may represent a new approach for diagnosing metastatic cancer.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have discovered a previously unknown alteration in microRNA production linked to schizophrenia. By modeling mice with the same chromosome 22q11.2 deletion as humans with schizophrenia, they found that abnormalities in microRNAs can lead to synaptic and behavioral deficits.
Researchers discovered a link between microRNA levels and the risk of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The study found that abnormal microRNA patterns were associated with an increased risk of recurrence, providing new insights into possible causes of the disease.
Researchers found that restoring two small molecules in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells can block tumor growth and affect 70 genes involved in critical functions. These findings suggest a possible new treatment strategy for CLL.
Researchers at VIB have identified a molecular link between Alzheimer's disease and the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain. The study suggests that microRNAs may play a role in increasing BACE1 protein, a key component of plaques.
University of Delaware researchers have discovered a new type of molecule called natural antisense microRNAs (nat-miRNAs) that can turn off genes in rice, which is the primary source of food for half the world's population. These novel molecules may help scientists locate similar gene regulators in other organisms, including humans.
New data reveals miRNAs control female mouse fertility by regulating the corpus luteum's blood vessel formation and TIMP1 expression. Injection of specific miRNAs into ovaries improved corpus luteum function in Dicerd/d mice.
Researchers have identified a master regulator of EMT that consists of a specific group of microRNAs called miR-200. Introducing miR-200 into late cancer cells may provide a new form of treatment by preventing cells from going through EMT and becoming more invasive.
Researchers found that microRNA miR-200 is a consistent marker of cancer cells expressing E-cadherin but lacking Vimentin. Altering miR-200 levels induced changes consistent with either inducing EMT or the reverse process.
Researchers at Yale University and Asuragen, Inc. found that the microRNA let-7 substantially reduced cancer growth in multiple mouse models of lung cancer, indicating a direct role for miRNAs in cancer progression. The study introduces a new paradigm for using miRNAs as effective therapeutic agents to treat human cancer.
Researchers have developed a tool to rapidly silence specific genes in rice, enabling faster breeding and improved crop performance. This breakthrough uses artificial miRNAs to target and disable genes of interest, with potential applications in hybrid seed production and enhanced resistance to pathogens and insects.
Researchers have developed an algorithm to discover communities and substructures in various networks, including genetic networks and social networks. The tool has been applied to identify community structures in co-expressed genes and social networks, and can also be used for sociological research.
Research reveals that microRNA depletion is necessary for tissue regeneration and that manipulating certain microRNA levels can enhance regenerative success in zebrafish. By tweaking the FGF signaling pathway, scientists were able to increase or decrease specific microRNA levels, resulting in improved or inhibited fin regeneration.
Biologists at Duke University Medical Center have discovered microRNAs that control the regeneration of zebrafish fins. The study found that reducing levels of one microRNA, miR-133, speeds up fin regrowth, while increasing it slows it down. This discovery could lead to new ways to stimulate human tissue regeneration.
Researchers found a link between low microRNA levels and high gene activity in AML, suggesting new therapeutic targets. The study identified two genes in the Hox family that are over-active in leukemia cells, providing new insights into AML treatment.
Researchers at the University of Montreal developed a new approach to model RNA structure by using a structural alphabet. This innovation allows for more accurate predictions of RNA 3D structures from sequence data, with implications for studying RNA viruses and identifying microRNAs.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have identified two microRNAs, miR-1 and miR-133, which play a crucial role in controlling the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells into cardiac muscle. These findings provide insight into fine-tuning cellular processes and may lead to new treatments for heart-related diseases.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered a tiny RNA molecule that helps skin cells form a protective barrier. MicroRNA-203 plays a crucial role in regulating genes outside the cell's nucleus, specifically suppressing the activity of p63 to prevent stem cells from proliferating excessively.
Researchers are studying the effects of over- or underexpression of specific miRNAs on disease development and inhibition. For instance, scientists identified miR-373 and miR-520c, which promote tumor metastasis.
Scientists discovered microRNA-223, which controls the production and activation of granulocytes in the innate immune response. Absence of microRNA-223 increased tissue inflammation and damage.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have discovered that microRNAs played a crucial role in the emergence of vertebrates, with diverse regulatory mechanisms driving genome assembly. The study's findings suggest that these tiny molecules were responsible for the origin of unique organs such as the liver, pancreas, and brain.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a previously unknown mechanism for cleft palate, a common birth defect. By studying a genetic mutation in zebrafish, they found that microRNA Mirn140 regulates the expression of Pdgf, a growth factor involved in cell signaling.
A study published in Clinical Cancer Research found that patients with poor disease-free survival had lower levels of specific microRNAs compared to those with better survival rates. The researchers hope that restoring these microRNAs could lead to improved treatment options for liver cancer patients.
A study found that microRNA expression patterns are differentially expressed in colon tumor tissues, with certain miRNAs associated with poor survival and treatment outcomes. The researchers identified miR-21 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for colon adenocarcinomas and survival prognosis.
RNA interference represents an innovative strategy for silencing specific genes associated with disease processes, and a series of review articles will focus on its potential therapeutic applications. The technology has been approved for at least six clinical trials and is considered to be here to stay.
A study found that two microRNAs, miR-191 and miR-199a, are associated with patient survival in high-risk acute-leukemia patients. These molecules may serve as targets for future therapies, offering hope for patients with limited treatment options.
Researchers identified two microRNA pairs in fruit fly and eight more in mouse where both DNA strands encode RNA products, which fold into hairpins that are processed into mature microRNAs. This discovery builds on earlier findings about microRNA regulation using computational tools to investigate genomes of multiple species.
Research reveals antisense transcription of the Hox miRNA locus generates a novel miRNA precursor, mir-iab-8, which represses Hox gene targets, resulting in homeotic phenotypes. Additional antisense miRNAs identified in Drosophila and mammals may contribute to diversification of miRNA function.
Researchers have found that the Myc protein can stop the production of at least 13 microRNAs, which help control gene expression. Re-introducing repressed miRNAs into cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in mice, raising hopes for a novel therapy approach.
A research team has discovered that the Myc protein can suppress the production of at least 13 microRNAs in cancer cells. Reintroducing these repressed miRNAs into Myc-containing cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in mice, suggesting a potential gene therapy approach for certain cancers.
A new study reveals microRNAs can directly control a protein's function, preventing immature blood cells from maturing and contributing to the development of blast-crisis CML. Altering microRNA levels may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CML patients who don't respond to targeted agents.
Researchers at UC Davis identified a cellular pathway involving microRNA miR-125b that contributes to the progression of prostate cancer. The discovery provides a potential target for reducing cancer deaths among American men.
A study published in Genome Biology uncovers a link between microRNA expression and retinal degeneration, potentially leading to new therapies for incurable forms of sight loss. Researchers used mutant mice that model the human eye disease retinitis pigmentosa, finding altered microRNA expression patterns.