Articles tagged with Protein Activity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Gary Ruvkun, PhD, and Victor Ambros, PhD, discovered that microRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs, controlling protein-coding genes in animals. The researchers' work is recognized as a significant contribution to understanding the human genome and its role in disease.
Researchers evaluated potential age-promoting compounds using a novel mouse model, finding that UV light exposure and cigarette smoke increased p16INK4 expression, while a high-fat diet did not accelerate this process. This study demonstrates the utility of the p16LUC mouse model for evaluating age-promoting agents.
Scientists have found a protein called UCP1 that burns energy and produces heat in the body. Activating this protein using fatty acids may lead to a new way of triggering fat burning and could potentially help with weight loss.
Researchers reveal how neurons regulate PP1 protein through neurotransmitter NMDA, allowing PP1 to promote synaptic remodeling. A regulatory protein called inhibitor-2 also helps promote PP1 activity in neurons.
A recent study identifies a genetic root to childhood obesity, revealing that patients with mutations in the KSR2 gene have an increased appetite and slower metabolism. The findings suggest that drugs like metformin could provide new treatment options for obesity and type-2 diabetes.
Researchers at Salk Institute create technique to activate proteins in brain using light, allowing precise control over neuronal activity and enabling study of specific proteins. The method expands genetic code of mammals and opens possibilities for optically regulating protein modifications and interactions.
Researchers have identified two genes that increase the risk of developing eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The genes, ESRRA and HDAC4, interact in a brain signaling pathway and produce the same biological effect, suggesting a new potential target for understanding and treating the complex condition.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a protein motif, TFLY, crucial to telomerase function, which can be disrupted to block enzyme activity. This finding offers new insights into developing drugs to inhibit telomerase and its potential role in cancer therapy.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered a protein switch that can increase or decrease memory-building activity in brain cells. The protein, AGAP3, has dual roles: one side strengthens synapses in response to brain activity, while the other side brings synapse-building back down to normal levels.
Researchers have visualized the mechanism of mRNA localization in cells, revealing how a unique 'zip code' signal ensures protein production at the right place and time. The study provides new insights into cellular function and has potential applications for understanding diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and Alzheimer's.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have discovered that reversible chemical tags attached to the PTEN protein can regulate its activity. When these phosphate groups are bound, PTEN becomes inactive, suppressing cell division and migration. This finding may lead to new options for drug design to keep PTEN working.
A new study from MIT reveals that a gene called SIRT1, previously shown to protect against diseases of aging, plays a key role in controlling circadian rhythms. The researchers found that boosting SIRT1 levels in the brain could prevent age-related decline in circadian function and potentially lead to health benefits.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered critical differences between human Argonaute proteins, including a single amino acid change in hAgo1 that enables it to act as a slicer. The study highlights the importance of protein regions beyond the active site in determining activity.
Virginia Commonwealth University researchers have gained insight into how Hsp70, a key molecular player, binds with ATP to enhance its activity and efficiency. This understanding paves the way for designing efficient small molecule drugs to specifically modulate Hsp70's function, potentially treating cancers and neurodegenerative disor...
Researchers have identified a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer by inhibiting the activity of GSK-3 alpha, a protein that promotes oncogenic KRAS function. The study found that blocking GSK-3 alpha resulted in an anti-tumor response in mouse models, suggesting a viable treatment option.
Drs. Yueming Li and Lennart Mucke have made significant contributions to understanding Alzheimer's disease mechanisms, identifying underlying processes that impair cognitive functions. Their work has led to promising new directions for treatment, including targeting gamma-secretase activity and modulating protein interactions.
Researchers found that the size limit for entry into hollow cilia is much greater than previously thought, allowing most of a cell's proteins to enter. The specific collection of proteins in each cilium is customized based on its needs, determined by whether and how proteins are kept inside once they enter.
Researchers uncovered how an enzyme co-factor bestows specificity on a class of proteins with nonspecific biochemical activity, expanding scientists' view of co-factors role in disease. The discovery suggests manipulating co-factors could alter protein activity, potentially treating diseases.
A NIH-funded study has discovered a potential strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease by blocking the activity of a little-known regulator protein called CD33. The study found that CD33 promotes late-onset Alzheimer's by preventing support cells from clearing out toxic plaques.
Scientists have identified enzymes that can reverse a key protein modification involved in breast cancer, cellular stress reactions, and gene regulation. The discovery enables selective manipulation of ADP-ribosylation, which could lead to new treatments for inflammasions and cancers.
Researchers identified the protein OTUD7B as TRAF3's protector, revealing its role in regulating a molecular pathway implicated in immune system-related diseases. OTUD7B suppressed non-canonical NF-kB signaling, leading to increased lymphoid cell growth and hyper-responsiveness to antigens.
A new study found a connection between Alzheimer's disease and the activity level of eIF2alpha protein. Researchers believe altering this protein via drug therapy could lead to a treatment for the incurable disease.
A new MIT study suggests that the protein SIRT1 plays a crucial role in protecting against metabolic disorders linked to high-fat diets, including diabetes. When given a high-fat diet, mice lacking SIRT1 developed metabolic disorders much sooner than normal mice, highlighting its potential as a safeguard against obesity-linked diseases.
A NUS-led team has discovered how bacteria respond to salt changes using specialized protein molecules that change shape in response to environmental salt concentrations. This finding provides a unified model of how bacteria sense their environment and has immediate applications in understanding life processes across species.
A study published in PLoS Biology describes a way to break apart beneficial amyloid fibers that can play protective roles in the brain. Human cells have the necessary machinery to clear these fibers, which could lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers discover that decreasing Lhx2 activity triggers glial reactivity, while increasing its activity is key to producing protective proteins. This finding holds promise for developing novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
UCLA researchers have developed a method to stabilize proteins using polymers, which could lead to improved protein-based therapeutics. The study found that attaching the polymer to the protein resulted in better stability during lyophilization and heat treatment.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have found that inhibiting the protein Cdc42 can reverse the aging of hematopoietic stem cells, restoring their functional efficiency. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding and combating age-related diseases.
A Stanford study suggests a potential treatment for stroke by increasing the generation of new nerve cells in the brain. The compound, LM22A-4, was administered three days after a stroke and showed faster recovery of athletic ability in mice. This approach may be a more accessible alternative to stem-cell therapy.
A study published by the NIH shows that Kineret therapy is effective in stopping the progression of organ damage in people with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID). By preventing organ inflammation, scientists were able to preserve organ function in most patients.
Researchers found a direct association between cognitive engagement and lower levels of β-amyloid protein, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Participants who engaged in cognitively stimulating activities had reduced β-amyloid uptake, while those with the lowest activity had higher uptake comparable to patients with AD.
Researchers at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland have discovered the SHARPIN protein, which regulates human cell activity and movement. The study's findings may have significant implications for conditions such as Crohn's disease, psoriasis, rheumatism and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers have found that treating mice with OCA-1B, a form of oculocutaneous albinism, with nitisinone improves eye and skin pigmentation. The study suggests that nitisinone could potentially ameliorate vision loss in patients with OCA-1B.
Researchers have found that treating mice with oculocutaneous albinism caused by mutations in the Tyr gene resulted in improved eye and hair pigmentation when treated with nitisinone. This suggests a potential new treatment for a subset of patients with OCA1B, a form of albinism associated with vision loss.
Scientists have made new discoveries about the biological makings of queen bees and worker bees, finding major differences in protein activity during early stages of life. These findings suggest that proteins with metabolic enhancing activities play significant roles in caste determination.
A UCLA study reveals that the loss of a critical protein regulating estrogen and immune activity can lead to metabolic syndrome, characterized by Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. The research found that this protein's absence promotes increased fat accumulation, inflammation, and glucose intolerance in female mice.
Researchers found that two proteins activated by inflammation are crucial for maintaining good blood sugar levels and boosting their activity can normalize blood sugar. The study suggests a new paradigm for understanding type 2 diabetes, where obesity interferes with cells' response to inflammatory signals.
Researchers discovered a simple blood test for the protein melanoma-inhibitory activity (MIA) can indicate neurofibroma presence. The level of MIA depends on neurofibroma size and growth.
Researchers identify complex mechanism by which Smads regulate genes associated with cancer, revealing process that ensures protein destruction after function completion. The study could serve as foundation for new clinical treatments against cancer and other diseases.
Researchers have identified a key role for fibulin-5 in preventing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by facilitating elastic fiber assembly and inhibiting MMP9 activity. This discovery may lead to nonsurgical treatments targeting elastic fiber-degrading proteins.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered a key mechanism by which seedlings regulate their growth and development. The study, led by biologist Alison DeLong, found that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical role in suppressing ethylene production during germination.
A recent study published in European Heart Journal found that high plasma renin activity (PRA) levels may predict cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. By measuring PRA levels, doctors can assess a patient's risk and introduce therapies to lower their PRA levels, potentially preventing heart attacks or strokes.
A research team led by Professor Kam-bo Wong engineered thermophilic enzymes to increase their activity at high temperatures without compromising stability. The findings provide insights into the design of biotechnologically important enzymes.
Researchers found that a protein called DRP1 triggers a chain reaction causing brain nerve cells to die, but toning it down prevents the chain reaction and keeps those cells alive. The study aims to test whether this protein also protects the brain, potentially delaying disease onset.
Scientists have discovered how chocolate boosts the body's production of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), also known as 'good' cholesterol. By enhancing the activity of proteins that attach to genetic material, polyphenols in cocoa increase ApoA1 levels and decrease ApoB levels, leading to improved heart health.
Researchers found reduced enzyme activity in young adult brains carrying the APOE4 gene, a common Alzheimer's risk factor. The study suggests mitochondrial changes contribute to disease risk, providing a potential target for prevention therapies.
A study published in Cell Metabolism found that a protein called Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) protects against the severe inflammatory response caused by high levels of saturated fat. Mice deficient in this protein showed massive lymph node expansion and died after consuming a diet high in saturated fats.
A study published in The Lancet Oncology found that some CML patients can survive up to 2 years without relapse after stopping imatinib treatment, suggesting a potential cure with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. The study suggests that indefinite treatment may not be necessary and that imatinib can be safely discontinued in some cases.
Researchers have discovered that over-activation of the c-Abl protein can shut down parkin's protective function, leading to a build-up of toxic proteins and neuron death. Inhibiting c-Abl with existing drugs like imatinib may provide a new treatment approach for Parkinson's disease.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum discovered a new mechanism of how Antarctic fish blood prevents freezing at temperatures as low as -1.8°C. The antifreeze glycoproteins work by perturbing the aqueous solvent over long distances, rather than forming a single molecular binding.
Actin capping protein (CP) regulates filament elongation by capping the dynamic end of the filament. Two regulators, V-1 and CARMIL, modulate CP activity in different manners. The new study reveals that CARMIL uncaps filaments by suppressing twisting movement required for tight-barbed end capping.
Researchers use computer models to reveal how genetic mutations and nervous system activity disrupt heart rhythm, increasing risk of sudden cardiac death. The study's findings may lead to preventative treatment options for those at high risk.
The study found that histone H1 phosphorylation is associated with changes in gene activity, particularly in active genes during interphase. H1 phosphorylation also controls ribosomal RNA gene transcription in the nucleolus, a novel discovery that could lead to new treatments for diseases.
Researchers found that SIRT1 enzyme helps turn off body's generation of fats and cholesterol under fasting conditions. The study suggests that targeting SIRT1 could lead to new treatments for conditions involving elevated cholesterol and lipid levels.
A study found that standard CRP tests are not informative enough for pediatric IBD patients, while hs-CRP detects low levels of CRP and correlates with ileal inflammation. However, hs-CRP did not help distinguish between active intestinal inflammation and quiescent disease or response to treatment.
Researchers at CSHL have identified a protein called Rac as the regulator of forgetting in short-term memories. Elevated Rac activity accelerates memory decay, while inhibition slows it down.
A new study found an association between low plasma cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and increased risk of heart disease in the Framingham Heart Study population. Participants with low CETP activity were 18% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered that two genes, one causing cancer on its own and the other reducing RAS activity, together lead to aggressive leukemia. This unexpected finding opens new avenues for treating blood cancer cells with NF1 mutations.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute will combine two advanced technologies to screen massive peptoid libraries in parallel fashion, increasing the rate of ligand discovery by several hundred times over current methods. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the search for new therapies.
A low protein diet boosts mitochondrial function, extending lifespan in flies. This discovery has implications for human aging and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer.