Articles tagged with Protein Activity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Neuroscientists have identified a protein called SHP-2 phosphatase that controls the spacing effect, which enhances long-term memory by adjusting rest intervals. The study found that manipulating SHP-2 phosphatase activity can reverse memory deficits in mutants with Noonan's syndrome.
The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation awards $75,000 grants to five early-career scientists studying the earliest brain changes suggesting Alzheimer's disease. The recipients aim to accelerate development of diagnostic, preventative interventions, and treatments.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine discovered that the antioxidant protein Prdx1 controls the activity of GDE2, a critical protein for spinal cord neuron development. The study found that Prdx1 breaks a chemical bond between amino acids in GDE2, activating it to promote motor neuron differentiation.
Researchers identified CST5 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene induced by vitamin D3 in human colon cancer cells. The protein cystatin D inhibits cancer cell growth and is responsible for some of vitamin D3's anticancer effects.
Researchers found that adding a sugar tag to nuclear proteins is vital for normal development in fruit flies, revealing a critical link between Ogt and Polycomb protein function.
Researchers at the University of Illinois identified a novel pathway controlling NF-kappa B activity, a key protein involved in inflammation. This finding could have important implications for treating diseases linked to chronic inflammation.
Researchers discovered that freezing slows down protein movements, preserving their biological activity. This phenomenon enables frozen biological materials to be stored for extended periods without spoiling.
A study funded by NIH found that overweight adults can achieve similar weight loss on different diets with varying proportions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Participants lost an average of 13 pounds at six months and maintained a 9-pound loss at two years.
Researchers found a specific signaling pathway controlling stomata development, allowing plants to adapt to changing climate conditions. The discovery provides insights into how plants regulate their water and carbon dioxide intake, crucial for survival.
Researchers at Penn State and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a way to control certain proteins using light. The team's hybrid protein was engineered to respond to light, increasing or decreasing enzyme activity depending on the illumination, offering new possibilities for treating diseases.
Researchers have found a new technique to quickly and reversibly fine-tune protein activity in cells and living mammals, providing a powerful tool for identifying protein functions. The technique involves pairing specially engineered proteins with the drug Shield-1, which prevents their degradation.
Fragile X protein FMRP suppresses protein production, but its mechanism was unclear. Researchers discovered that FMRP works with CYFIP1 to control protein production at synapses. Disruption of this regulation leads to diseases like Fragile X syndrome and Autism.
Capsaicin from hot peppers directly induces thermogenesis by altering muscle protein SERCA, leading to increased heat production. This process could be used to design more potent compounds for treating hypothermia.
Researchers discover that Angiocidin can differentiate leukemia cells into a normal, macrophage-like phenotype, making them susceptible to chemotherapy treatment. The protein also stimulates the immune system by up-regulating genes characteristic of immune cells.
Research suggests that enhancing neprilysin production can reduce plaque formation and neuron death associated with Alzheimer's disease, but at the cost of shortening lifespan. Over-activation of neprilysin also reduces CREB protein activity and increases age-dependent axon pathology.
New study identifies IKK(beta) protein as key driver of pro-tumor switch in macrophages, which halts production of anti-tumor genes. Inactivating IKK(beta) reprograms macrophages into tumor killers, attracting professional immune cells to shrink tumors.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a biochemical pathway where adenoviral protein E1A binds to p400, stabilizing Myc, a key oncoprotein. This interaction can lead to the promotion of cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis.
A study found that variations in the PON1 gene and its related enzyme activity increase cardiovascular disease risk, with higher PON1 activity linked to lower major adverse cardiac event rates. The researchers also discovered a dose-dependent association between PON1 gene polymorphisms and increased oxidative stress levels.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center discovered a novel mechanism that can enhance the function of AML1, a protein frequently impaired in acute leukemia. The study identified the methyltransferase enzyme controlling normal AML1 activity and demonstrated its ability to regulate transcription factors.
Researchers have gained a clearer understanding of how p300/CBP controls gene activity, providing new avenues for designing drugs. The study's findings have implications for cancer treatment, diabetes, heart disease, and HIV, with potential applications for developing targeted therapies.
Exosomes are chopped into pieces that trigger autoimmunity in people with PM/Scl overlap syndrome. Researchers have identified an exosome-associated protein recognized by antibodies, which may be a new marker for diagnosis.
The Biophysical Society has announced the winners of its student travel award for presenting at the Joint Meeting in Long Beach, California. The recipients include researchers from top universities worldwide, who will receive a travel grant and be recognized at a reception.
Researchers at EMBL and AMOLF discovered a new experimental approach to study microtubule end tracking proteins, which are crucial for cell shape development. The study sheds light on the interaction between proteins and the cell's skeleton, revealing how +TIPs recognize dynamic microtubule ends.
A new study reveals that genetic variation in regions controlling gene activity is a significant contributor to common diseases. The researchers analyzed the activity of almost 14,000 genes and found over 1300 genes affected by DNA sequence changes in regulatory regions.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the addition of a single molecule at a specific site on p53 protein represses its activity, while adding a second copy reverses this effect. This nuanced regulation is crucial for maintaining optimal balance between cancer protection and normal growth.
Researchers have identified a new target for HIV/AIDS drugs and vaccines, focusing on the Nef viral protein's impact on the innate immune system. The study suggests that blocking this protein's activity could lead to the development of new treatments.
Researchers identified an essential protein that plays a key role in myelination and remyelination, processes vital for healthy brain development and repair. The discovery has major implications for treating brain damage in newborns and may lead to treatments or interventions to enhance brain health.
Two autism-related proteins, neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2, have been found to control the strength and balance of nerve-cell connections. The proteins increase or inhibit cell activity depending on firing frequency, impacting brain development in children.
The method allows researchers to explore protein function and find new drug targets, with potential applications in gene therapy and agricultural genetic engineering. The 'control switch' provides precise control over protein activity levels.
Two reliable methods are presented for creating and detecting specific proteins, as well as characterizing the activities of specific genes during embryonic development. The methods involve attaching a GST tag to a protein of interest or using a reporter protein to visualize gene expression in transgenic mouse embryos.
Researchers found that Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) synthesizes a protein, called 2b, to bind and inhibit AGO1, attenuating RNA silencing. Understanding the function of 2b will enable designing novel strategies for crop plants to survive various viruses.
Researchers have identified characteristic changes in cerebrospinal fluid that may serve as biomarkers for psychosis, including schizophrenia. These findings suggest a potential new approach to understanding and treating these conditions.
A new study found that only 33.3% of patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer received the recommended extensive surgery, which reduces local recurrence and improves survival rates. Aspirin takers with a specific genetic variant showed lower risk of developing colorectal adenomas.
A new study has identified a key protein, LMP4, that regulates Tbx transcription factors in embryonic limb and heart development. This discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling these critical processes.
Researchers found that inhibiting the enzyme activity of HO-1, a protein thought to be protective, actually reduces kidney injury in sickle cell disease. A new compound, tin protoporphyrin, blocks HO-1 activity and protects SCD kidneys from damage.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute successfully determined the three-dimensional structure of the p53 protein bound as a dimer to DNA, revealing new insights into its anti-cancer activity. The study's findings suggest that the interface between the two proteins in the dimer is crucial for proper functioning and binding to DNA.
Researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute have identified a crucial protein called TMP21 that regulates amyloid-beta production. By controlling the specific cleavage of APP, TMP21 helps keep amyloid-beta levels in check, preventing the formation of toxic plaques. This discovery may lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists have discovered that agrin controls nerve cell excitability by regulating sodium pump activity in the brain, potentially leading to new treatments for epilepsy. Agrin also regulates potassium levels in heart tissue, raising the possibility of its use in treating congestive heart failure.
Researchers developed a new assay to observe real-time gene expression in live cells, providing unprecedented insights into fundamental biological processes. The technique detects protein molecules being produced in small bursts within cells and could reveal the randomness of gene expression.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a protein, MC160, that inhibits inflammatory responses by degrading a subunit of the immune system's IKK complex. This finding offers hope for treating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.
A study published in Neuron found that stimulating brain cells increases Aß levels, while blocking neuronal activity decreases them. Cognitive activity may also affect Aß plaque levels.
A team of bio-archaeologists confirms the existence of human activity in northern Europe dating back approximately 700,000 years. The findings were made using a newly-refined technique of amino acid analysis and published in Nature.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that reducing p53 protein activity in neurons can increase lifespan in fruit flies by 58%, a finding that suggests a potential mechanism for slowing aging through the caloric restriction pathway.
A genetic mutation in ataxin-1 enhances protein activity, leading to toxic levels and degeneration. The study sheds light on the mechanisms of rare diseases and their implications for more common ones.
Researchers found that viral protein vFLIP K13 actively promotes cancer cell growth through the NF-?B pathway, leading to increased lymphoma formation in transgenic mice. The study provides a promising new target for novel therapies against HHV8-associated tumors.
Scientists created a luciferase-based monitoring system using the firefly protein to track IKK activity in tumor cells and inflamed liver cells. This allows for real-time monitoring of drug effects and fine-tuning of dosages, saving time and cost compared to traditional methods.
Researchers have identified a novel protein, MKRN1, that regulates telomerase activity and maintains cellular telomere lengths. Increasing MKRN1 levels in cells promotes the degradation of telomerase enzyme hTERT, leading to decreased telomerase activity and shorter telomeres.
Researchers discovered a single genetic difference between rats susceptible and resistant to apomorphine, leading to reduced activity of the g-secretase enzyme. This imbalance was found to be associated with behavioral differences in the rats.
Researchers discovered that BAG5 protein enhances dopaminergic neuron death and inhibits parkin activity, leading to increased neuronal death. Inhibiting BAG5 increases neuronal survival, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new molecular switch that can transform bacteria into working sensors. The device, created using a novel fusion technique, shows promise for detecting cancer cells, releasing drugs, and monitoring chemical or biological agents.
Scientists have developed a new fluorescent protein probe to study cyclic AMP activity in living cells. The probe allows for real-time monitoring of cyclic AMP's impact on cellular responses, revealing its importance in various biological processes.
The melanocortin-4 receptor's (MC4R) basal activity is essential for maintaining energy balance. The N-terminal domain of the MC4R protein is responsible for this activity. Deletion of this domain impairs the receptor's ability to regulate energy homeostasis.
USC researchers detail process of beak formation in journal Science, identifying BMP4 as a major mediator of beak shape. The study sheds light on how different bird species develop uniquely shaped beaks reflecting their ecological niches.
Researchers have identified a gene essential for the synthesis of a novel plant hormone that regulates shoot branching. The hormone is believed to be a carotenoid derivative, with a protein that can cleave carotenoids such as carrots' orange pigment.
Researchers have identified a protein called RIP140 that blocks the expression of UCP1, leading to increased energy expenditure and reduced fat accumulation. This discovery could lead to novel obesity treatments by increasing the activity of UCP1.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified a protein, TRIM5-alpha, that blocks HIV replication in monkey cells. This discovery opens new avenues for intervening in early HIV infection and provides critical insights into viral uncoating, a little understood step in the viral lifecycle.
The study reveals N-WASP activity in unexpected cellular compartments, including ruffles on the cell membrane and the nucleus. The team's new technique allows for visualization of protein activation and its integration with cellular signaling processes.
Researchers have discovered a common pharmacophore that can be used to develop more potent and selective lethal factor inhibitors. This breakthrough holds promise for developing new anthrax therapies, particularly in cases where antibiotics are not effective.
Researchers discover protein CPEB uses prion properties to strengthen synaptic connections, enabling long-term memory storage. The finding challenges traditional views of prions as toxic and suggests they may play a key role in fundamental processes.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a technique called domain insertion to join two proteins, creating a microscopic protein partnership where one controls the activity of the other. This could lead to specialized molecules that deliver lethal drugs only to cancerous cells and biological warfare sensors.