Articles tagged with Protein Activity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that the protein Del-1 plays a vital role in clearing inflammation by connecting dying neutrophils to macrophages. The 'location principle' suggests that homeostatic molecules perform different regulatory functions depending on their location.
A new study from McMaster University reveals that whey protein is the most effective protein source for seniors to rebuild lost muscle, with minimal impact on lean muscle loss. In contrast, collagen peptides showed no benefits in mitigating muscle loss.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba found that a single mutation in SIK3 protein increases non-REM sleep and wakefulness when conscious, providing insights into human sleep disorders.
Researchers discovered CPEB4, a molecule regulating protein synthesis, is impaired in most autism cases. The study found defects in CPEB4 lead to dysregulation of hundreds of genes associated with autism.
Researchers found that LRRK2 protein activity may contribute to Parkinson's disease development in up to three percent of patients without gene mutations. The study identified LRRK2 as a key player in neurobiological pathways affected by the disease.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University developed a new method for producing medical therapeutic proteins by eliminating SlyD/SlyX genes in E. coli strains, reducing contamination and increasing purification efficiency. The approach enables the production of a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins in a pure form.
A study reveals that refrigeration suppresses protein activity crucial for banana aromas, leading to potential flavor and fragrance enhancements. Scientists found that chilling bananas slows ripening and alters their off-flavor, suggesting a regulatory process involving MabZIP4 and MabZIP5 TFs.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how gene defects lead to congenital heart defects. The researchers found that the absence of the CHD4 protein allows for the production of abnormal, 'hybrid' muscle cells that cannot pump blood efficiently.
Repeated exposure to large quantities of alcohol in fruit flies reduces the activity of a protein regulating communication between neurons. This study provides new insight into the neurobiology of alcohol tolerance, revealing that ethanol interferes with neurotransmitter release and Unc13 protein function.
Researchers have gained insights into stress granules, clumps of RNAs and proteins that form when cells are stressed, linking them to neurodegenerative diseases. The study reveals the critical role of two enzymes, USP5 and USP13, in disassembling stress granules, which could lead to innovative treatments.
Researchers identified a previously unknown mechanism, dubbed the 'tail,' which puts brakes on important cell signaling by regulating G proteins. The discovery could provide new drug targets for controlling cellular processes and more sensitive biosensors for detecting chemical agents.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have developed protein-dendrimer films with self-assembly properties, retaining enzyme activity and function. The films show promise as biosensor materials and bioactive dressings for medical applications.
Researchers discovered that brain-gut signals lead to an axis of aging, where the brain and intestines work together to regulate longevity. The study found two types of neurons processing temperature cues, transmitting information to the intestine to boost or slow down aging processes.
Researchers have developed a new way to measure the activity of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protein associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. By identifying specific client proteins tied to Hsp70 activity, scientists can now develop potential therapies by testing small molecules in real-world environments.
Researchers found that multiple motor proteins work together to deliver cargo, similar to ants carrying a large item. In mutant worms, fewer carriers were observed, weakening cargo transport and causing mis-location of synapses.
A team of scientists led by Johns Hopkins University biologist Vincent Hilser has cracked the mystery of proteins that emerged as a distinct type less than 30 years ago. They discovered how these 'intrinsically disordered proteins' regulate their activities and interact with other proteins, constituting the majority of proteins involve...
Researchers at RUDN University have synthesized new compounds with potential antitumor and antiviral activity from isoxazoles. The compounds, which include a central five-membered heterocycle, exhibit varying properties depending on the arrangement of substituents.
Researchers found berberine improves diabetic encephalopathy through the SIRT1/ER stress pathway in db/db mice, linked to better lipid metabolism and decreased fasting glucose. The compound also protects against central nervous system degeneration and cognitive impairment.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have uncovered key details of how Myc proteins work inside tumor cells, revealing their crucial role in cancer development. The study found that an enzyme called polymerase-associated factor 1 (PAF1) plays a significant role in amplifying Myc protein activity.
Researchers found that inducing biochemical alteration in brain proteins via glucosamine suppresses pathological hyperexcitability in rat and mouse models. Glucosamine also protects against drug-induced hyperexcitability by targeting the AMPA receptor.
Researchers discovered that autism is often associated with the appearance of new mutations in both protein-coding and regulatory genome regions. These newly formed mutations are more likely to increase an individual's risk of developing autism, with a significant impact from as few as two mutations.
Research suggests that dysfunctional microglia cells can induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's by increasing phagocytosis of β-amyloid peptides, leading to synapse loss. This study provides new insights into the role of microglia cells in neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers discovered a genetic cause of CHAPLE disease, a rare immune disorder that causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms and blood clots. They found that a defective CD55 gene leads to complement hyperactivity, damaging blood vessels and causing life-threatening symptoms.
A new study from Aarhus University provides mechanistic insight into how protein dynamics control the activity of serine proteases, crucial in blood coagulation and tissue remodeling. The research offers a basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these vital physiological processes.
Researchers monitored neural activity of mated female fruit flies during yeast deprivation, identifying dopamine neurons that regulate protein appetite. Activation/inhibition of these neurons affects yeast preference and consumption, with increased activity linked to advancing hunger.
Researchers identified a protein, TIMP2, that had the same effect when injected into older mice. The findings could lead to new treatments for age-associated declines in mental ability.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have developed a photocleavable protein that breaks into two pieces when exposed to light, allowing scientists to study and manipulate activity inside cells in new ways. This tool has vast potential applications in various fields of research, including development biology and gene-editing techno...
Researchers have identified a parallel pathway controlling organ size in fruit fly models, activating at a newly recognized cellular domain. The Hippo signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell function and tissue growth.
Researchers created small-molecule probes to discover and characterize novel protein modifications, including a previously unknown glyoxylyl group attachment. The study uncovered dozens of proteins with apparent electrophiles that have never been characterized.
Researchers developed a new molecular tag to visualize two signaling proteins' activity in a single dendritic spine in real time. The technique, combining FRET and FLIM, allows for high spatial and temporal accuracy, enabling scientists to study biochemical dynamics of proteins with increased efficiency.
A UCLA study found that a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and normal body mass index can lower plaque and tangle levels in the brain. Lifestyle factors such as a Mediterranean diet were shown to directly influence abnormal proteins in people with subtle memory loss.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a previously unknown function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins, which regulate gene activity and RNA synthesis. This finding has therapeutic implications for cancer treatment and may also lead to new avenues for treating inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure the activity of disease-causing mutations in the LRRK2 gene, a major cause of inherited Parkinson's disease. The breakthrough could help pave the way for a clinical test that could facilitate evaluation of drugs targeting this form of the condition.
Researchers have developed a method using tiny alpaca-derived nanobodies to identify and target specific proteins involved in viral infections. By using these molecules to perturb cellular processes, scientists can tease apart the roles individual proteins play in disease, leading to potential new treatments for infectious diseases.
A new study from Ohio State University reveals rattlesnake venom's regional variations effectively counter squirrel defenses, indicating co-evolutionary adaptation. The research found significant variation in venom activity and resistance across populations, with snakes best suited to their local opponents.
Researchers developed a way to embed light-responsive switches into proteins, allowing them to manipulate protein movement and activity in real-time. This new approach enables the rapid study of biological changes and reveals that cellular processes are more dynamic than previously expected.
A study reveals Sharpin's role in regulating survival of immunosuppressive T cells, essential for preventing autoimmune disease and cancer. Sharpin-deficient mice develop severe skin lesions and inflammation due to reduced Treg counts.
A previously unknown mechanism regulating neurogenesis has been discovered, involving precise temporal control of proneural protein activity. This mechanism involves a reversible chemical modification that enables the establishment of a network of functional neurons.
Researchers have discovered that yeast cells use a complex protein structure, called the polarity site, to detect scent gradients. This site moves along the membrane towards the strongest signal before creating a bulge in the cell to grow towards its source.
A new study led by University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine researchers demonstrates that protein Del-1 can inhibit bone loss associated with periodontitis. The protein curbs the activity of osteoclasts, cells that absorb bone tissue, leading to a mechanistic explanation of how Del-1 can prevent periodontal bone loss.
Researchers discovered a technique to renature denatured proteins, restoring their original spatial structure and increasing activity by 180%. This method uses nanoparticles to bind to protein molecules, preventing aggregation and reactivating the active center.
Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a novel approach to control enzyme activity using monobodies, synthetic proteins that recognize and bind specific target molecules. They successfully altered the specificity of an enzyme used in the food industry without modifying it, paving the way for bespoke reactions.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have clarified the mechanism of iridescence in squid skin, revealing that specific sequences of reflectins correlate with color output. The study identifies three major types of reflectins and their roles in static and tunable iridocytes.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital identified a protein called TREML4 that amplifies the cellular response to TLR7 receptor activation, leading to lupus symptoms. Suppressing this pathway may offer new hope for treating autoimmune disorders.
Researchers found that Ras activity determines circadian clock phase and induces phase-shifts in response to light. Artificially increased Ras activity alters the circadian rhythm.
Researchers at McMaster University found that women's muscle appears more efficient in neutralizing the protein PTEN, which reduces insulin resistance and increases protection against type 2 diabetes. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for improving muscle responses to insulin and treating the disease.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathway of CoQ10, a molecule essential for cellular metabolism. The study, led by Dr. David J. Pagliarini, reveals that protein CoQ9 regulates enzyme Coq7, and that CoQ10 synthesis is organized as a multiprotein complex to increase efficiency and regulation.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have discovered a new reset button for the brain's master biological clock, which can be stimulated using light to alter sleep patterns. This finding has the potential to lead to new treatments for conditions like seasonal affective disorder and reduce adverse health effects of night shifts.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute discover a promising new treatment for aggressive breast and pancreatic cancers, using a synthetic compound called SR1848. The compound targets the LRH-1 protein, which is involved in hormone synthesis and cholesterol metabolism.
Researchers at IRCM identified a protein called Miz-1 that controls the activity of p53 tumour suppressor protein, essential for developing immune cells. Without Miz-1, lymphocytes prematurely activate p53 and die, hindering the immune response.
Researchers at IDIBELL and University of Barcelona discover HERC2 regulates p53 activity, a key step in tumor progression. The study suggests mutations in HERC2 may be associated with cancer in humans.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a biological tactic to protect crops from insect plagues using specific spider toxins. The study found that naturally occurring insect toxins can be lethal for one species and harmless for a closely related one, suggesting the development of more species-specific insecticides.
Researchers at Scripps Florida have shed light on the complex process of nerve cell growth, revealing a key protein's role in regulating axon extension. The study shows that RPM-1 coordinates the growth of axons with synaptic connection construction, providing new insights into neuronal development.
A study published in Neuron found that subtle changes in inhibitory signaling can affect how animals respond to drugs like cocaine. Researchers identified SNX27 as a promising target for treating addiction by regulating the excitability of dopamine neurons.
A study of 176 pre-pubertal boys found that high levels of protein intake combined with rigorous physical activity led to increased bone mineral content and density. This synergy between high protein intake and exercise was shown to positively impact bone structure and strength, even from pre-puberty through mid-late adolescence.
Researchers developed tiny biomolecular tweezers to study mechanical forces' impact on cell and protein activity. The devices precisely stretch cells and molecules, allowing simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, enabling high-throughput assessment of force effects on a broad scale.
Researchers developed biomolecular tweezers to precisely stretch cells and molecules, studying biochemical activity and receptor binding. The device enables high-throughput capability for assessing the effects of mechanical forces on a broad scale.
New research from Washington University School of Medicine finds that increased brain cell activity boosts brain fluid levels of tau protein, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that brain cells may be secreting tau when they send signals, potentially leading to the spread of disease.
New research reveals that opioid use changes the activity of a specific protein needed for normal brain function, affecting both pain relief and tolerance. The study found that blocking this protein can reduce addiction-related behaviors, but increasing its activity lowers pain relief response and leads to faster morphine tolerance.
Studies suggest that maintaining a normal level of the protein SirT1 may be effective in preventing obesity- and age-related diseases. Researchers have demonstrated that changing three amino acids on SirT1 can produce a 'super-sirt' that functions normally despite metabolic stress.