A study by Queen's University professor Allyson Harrison found significant differences between Canadian and American IQ scores from postsecondary students. The research revealed that using Canadian norms resulted in lower scores for Canadian young adults, leading to incorrect classifications of intellectual abilities.
A new study finds that recently infected individuals with HIV are not as likely to infect others as previously estimated, suggesting a potential impact on Treatment as Prevention programs. The researchers used two approaches to estimate acute phase infectivity and found estimates to be significantly lower than previous studies.
A study published in JAMA found that early imaging for back pain in older adults did not lead to better outcomes, but rather increased costs. The study compared function and pain at 12 months among patients who received early imaging versus those who did not.
A recent study by University of Chicago researchers found that trees' defensive responses to insect attacks have downstream effects on nearby streams, impacting aquatic ecosystems. The simulation showed that stressed trees funneled valuable nutrients away from leaves, affecting leaf chemistry and decomposition rates.
Researchers at Drexel University have created a two-dimensional carbon/sulfur nanolaminate that could be a viable candidate for use as a lithium-sulfur cathode, promising improved long-term stability and energy density.
Researchers at the University of Illinois found that an intensified management system increased corn yields by 28%, primarily due to the combined effects of Bt trait, strobilurin-containing fungicide, and balanced nutrition. The study suggests that no single factor is crucial, but rather the synergistic effect of all five management fa...
The new journal, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, aims to publish research applying ecological science to sustainable development at local, national, and international scales. It encourages integration of natural, social, and behavioral studies and seeks research with implications for strategic planning and governance.
UNSW Australia scientists have developed a highly efficient oxygen-producing electrode for splitting water that has the potential to be scaled up for industrial production of clean energy fuel, hydrogen. The new technology is based on an inexpensive, specially coated foam material that lets the bubbles of oxygen escape quickly.
Anesthetics bind to and interfere with certain proteins in excitatory neurons, which are necessary for signal transmission involved in anesthesia and pain perception. This discovery may lead to more targeted and safer concentration levels of anesthetics.
Researchers at McGill University have developed a new diagnostic tool for concussions in children, utilizing brain activation study findings. The spatial memory task has the potential to aid in assessing recovery and determining safe return to activities.
The smart bandage detects early tissue damage from pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, by exploiting electrical changes that occur when a healthy cell starts dying. It uses impedance spectroscopy to create a spatial map of the underlying tissue based on the flow of electricity at different frequencies.
A new study from the University of Iowa found that schools participating in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's School Breakfast Program have higher achievement scores in math, science, and reading than non-participating schools. This is particularly true for students from low-income families.
Researchers at McMaster University found that women's muscle appears more efficient in neutralizing the protein PTEN, which reduces insulin resistance and increases protection against type 2 diabetes. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for improving muscle responses to insulin and treating the disease.
A study found that pathologists' diagnoses for breast biopsies have a high rate of disagreement, especially for cases of atypical hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. The researchers suggest that obtaining a second opinion for these cases could help reduce unnecessary treatment.
Continuous bioprocessing is gaining consideration as a method of industrial bioprocessing, with potential advantages including lower costs and increased efficiency. Dr. Konstantin Konstantinov and Dr. Charles Cooney emphasize the need for methods to evolve around this new platform.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have traced the brain processes that occur during learning of technical concepts. They found that new knowledge is built up in the brain through multiple stages, involving different parts of the brain, and that appropriate instruction can bring out fundamental understanding at a deep level.
A study of 11,648 patients found that extended dual antiplatelet therapy after bare metal stent placement did not significantly increase rates of stent thrombosis or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. However, the sample size limitations may have impacted the results, suggesting further trials are needed.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that female health workers deployed to a remote rural area in northern Nigeria led to significant increases in healthcare service utilization. The program showed a 500% increase in health post visits, sustained over two years.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a new method to test the most common cause of life-threatening infection in people with cystic fibrosis. The approach allows scientists to identify several genes necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa survival, improving efforts to study and combat the illness.
A study found that noninferiority trials often lack clear justification for chosen margins, leading to concerns about their validity. The authors highlight the need for improved registration and reporting standards within publicly accessible trial registries.
A 30-year study of nearly 3500 newborns found that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with increased intelligence, longer schooling, and higher adult earnings. The longer a child was breastfed, the greater the magnitude of the benefits.
A multinational study reviews the current state of knowledge and recommends conservation measures for Arctic marine mammals due to climate change. The study finds profound reductions in sea ice cover and its impact on species such as polar bears and seals.
A study of 19,000 individuals found that regular use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, the association differed according to specific genetic variations at chromosomes 12 and 15.
A study published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology reveals that human DNA polymerase theta may be a promising drug therapy target for inhibiting breast cancer. The researchers used X-ray crystallography to determine the first crystal structures of POLQ, providing insights into its role in DNA repair and genomic instability.
A new study of 3,000 teenage drivers found that interactive presentations can raise awareness of the dangers of distractions while driving. The research also highlights the importance of educating young drivers about the risks associated with cell phones and other distractions.
Patients who undergo heart valve repair surgery experience a marked improvement in emotional and physical wellbeing, with reduced anxiety and depression. The study found that asymptomatic patients also improved after surgical correction.
A new study found that regular use of aspirin and NSAIDs is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in those with certain genetic variations on chromosome 15. However, about 4% of participants with two rare genotypes on chromosome 12 had an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
A NOAA study found that natural climate cycles and human activities triggered widespread ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Mexico, impacting fish populations and communities. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) played a significant role in these changes.
The BRIGHT trial demonstrated the superiority of bivalirudin over heparin monotherapy and heparin plus tirofiban in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Bivalirudin reduced bleeding rates while maintaining comparable rates of major adverse cardiac events.
Tropical Cyclone Nathan is expected to make landfall in Queensland, Australia on March 20, bringing heavy rainfall and strong thunderstorms. NASA's Aqua satellite captured data showing temperatures near -63F/-52C, indicating strong storms with potential for heavy rainfall.
Researchers at UC Irvine will investigate the behavioral impairments of rodents attributed to space radiation exposure, aiming to understand the underlying causes of these deficits. The study aims to inform efforts to minimize the effects of solar and galactic cosmic radiation on the central nervous system.
Courtney Passow, a Kansas State University doctoral student, will interact with Nobel laureates in physics, physiology, medicine and chemistry at the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The meeting provides an opportunity for her to explore potential collaborations.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that the hermaphrodite version of the papaya plant, essential for commercial fruit production, arose from human selection by the ancient Maya around 4,000 years ago. This genetic study could lead to the development of a new, more efficient papaya variety.
A large clinical trial found no significant difference in mortality between fresh and older blood in critically ill patients. The Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) study, conducted across 64 centers, showed that 423 patients died within 90 days with fresh blood compared to 398 with older blood.
New study finds that farms with lower carbon footprints and higher-producing cows are more profitable, offering a win-win solution for the dairy industry. By increasing milk production, decreasing herd replacement rates, or improving reproductive efficiency, farmers can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining profitability.
Scientists have observed two large coronal holes on the sun, with one covering about 6-8% of the total solar surface and another 0.16%. These regions can emit fast solar winds that affect Earth. The unique magnetic fields in these areas extend far into space.
A review of evidence suggests a possible increase in mortality with no clear benefit when using the anti-clotting drug alteplase more than 3 hours after stroke. The current guidance is based on uncertain evidence, and researchers are urging for a re-evaluation of data to guide policy decisions.
Despite pre-surgery antibiotics, bacterial clumps persist in joint fluid, forming protective mesh of proteins that slow growth and make them resistant to treatment. The study identified a key reason for the difficulty in curing joint infections: biofilm-like clumps of bacteria that harbor antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
Brazilian researchers have discovered five new species of marine invertebrates, the ascidians, which are rich in natural compounds with potential uses in medicine. The newly found species contain substances that can eliminate cancer cells but also destroy healthy cells.
Researchers found that college athletes are willing to receive social media education as long as it is tailored to their actual habits and includes their input. Athletes perceive excessive monitoring software as overburdensome, highlighting the need for consistent follow-up and athlete feedback integration.
Historians investigate China's reunifications, arguing that social constructions and institutional structures drove the process. The study analyzes data from the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han eras, highlighting the role of urbanization, writing systems, and communication technologies.
Researchers have developed a new drug-like molecule called WEHI-345 that binds to and inhibits a key immune signalling protein, preventing the release of inflammatory cytokines. The molecule showed promise in preventing the progression of multiple sclerosis in 50% of cases.
Researchers found that teens tend to disclose information first and then seek help to mitigate risks, a different approach than adults who consider risks before taking action. This 'disclose-first-and-then-make-corrections' model may explain the privacy paradox observed in teens.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have identified a new role for VEGFA in the metastasis of neuroblastoma. The study found that an increase in bone deposition occurs when NB cells metastasize to the bone, driven by VEGFA, leading to increased bone resorption and severe bone loss.
RapidScat instrument captures data on Ex-Tropical Cyclone Pam's winds, revealing sustained tropical-storm-force winds southeast of its center. Winds over 30 meters per second were still occurring east of the center, prompting a Storm Warning for the Chatham Islands.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet researchers found that the language used to switch genes on and off has remained conserved across millions of years of evolution. The differences between species reside in the content and length of these instructions, with specific transcription factors recognizing unique DNA words.
Researchers discovered that graphene's naturally occurring defects allow hydrogen protons to cross the barrier at unprecedented speeds, creating water channels. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient separation membranes for desalination and a new design for fuel cells.
Researchers have discovered the early stages of two African sawfly species, Xenapates braunsi and Xenapates gaullei. These larvae feed on specific grass and day flower species, with potential implications for crop protection and invasive weed control.
Researchers found that conifer species that independently evolved whirling, or autorotating, seeds settled on only one optimal single-winged design after millions of years of evolution. This design provides enhanced dispersal efficiency, especially during the Permian Period when seed dispersal by animals was virtually absent.
Research suggests rosuvastatin's health benefits are weak and its side effects, such as increased diabetes risk, outweigh the advantages. The drug's approval was based on a study that may have overestimated treatment effects.
A study by MIT economist Ernst Berndt and colleagues found that the prices of leading cancer drugs increased by 10% annually from 1995 to 2013, even after adjusting for inflation and incremental health benefits. The researchers suggest that rising prices reflect a greater social tolerance for significant healthcare costs.
Researchers at UCL develop technology to suspend and cool glass particles to absolute zero, enabling the creation of quantum states in objects far larger than atoms. This could lead to breakthroughs in motion sensors and quantum computer networks.
A new international study has found a small subset of patients with adrenal cancer respond significantly to the investigational drug linsitinib, paving the way for personalized treatment options. The researchers plan to analyze DNA collected from the study to identify possible markers for response.
Researchers say engineered CNT membranes have potential to tackle water purification challenges, offering purified water with reduced energy consumption. However, hurdles remain, including high production costs and need for uniform pore distribution.
Pediatric dysphagia affects 35-80% of newborns with neurodevelopmental disorders, leading to malnutrition, choking, and infections. The GW researchers will develop fundamental understanding of the disorder through three projects, aiming to define pathology, developmental origins, and prevention strategies.
A new analysis found that highly connected databases don't always support fastest quantum computing, with low connectivity yielding fast search in some cases. Researchers used the properties of superposition to model a quantum particle's movement through a database, demonstrating the unexpected influence of data structure on search speed.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a way to improve the cost-effectiveness of CO2 scrubbing using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). By appending diamine molecules, they were able to more than triple the CO2-scrubbing capacity and reduce parasitic energy.
A new study by the University of Vermont found that watching food TV can lead to weight gain, particularly among women who cook from scratch. The study suggests that food networks should use healthier recipes and promote cooking from scratch for optimal health benefits.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a synthetic compound that prevents type 1 diabetes in animal models by suppressing immune cells. The study suggests Th17 cells play a key role in the disease and that using ROR-specific compounds may be an effective preventative therapy.
A longitudinal study found that young drinkers select drinking contexts based on demographics, psychosocial characteristics, and drinking frequency. Over time, certain places become more or less popular among youths, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to address specific groups.