A team of UK researchers has designed Arterio-Venous Fistulae with reduced failure rates using computational simulation software from the aerospace industry. The new design aims to decrease blockages in dialysis connections, improving clinical outcomes for patients with end-stage renal disease.
A new global database of lake surface temperatures has been developed to study the ecological effects of climate change. The database, led by Professor Sapna Sharma at York University, includes data from 291 lakes and reservoirs worldwide, doubling the available satellite-collected data.
Researchers at LUT reduced welding groove angle from 45 to 30 degrees, increasing productivity and reducing additives and mistakes. The new method results in lighter, thinner, and more durable structures with improved environmental friendliness.
A 17-million-year-old beaked whale fossil found in Kenya has provided the first exact date for East Africa's mysterious uplift. The whale was stranded inland at a time when the continent was still at sea level and covered with forest, leading to changes in vegetation that drove human evolution.
Researchers identified genetic markers that determine who benefits from aspirin and NSAIDs in lowering colorectal cancer risk. Aspirin and NSAID use is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with a specific genotype.
Researchers estimate that newly infected individuals with HIV are less likely to spread the virus to others during the acute phase of infection, which may improve strategies to control HIV's spread. This finding bolsters the approach of treating patients with antiretroviral drugs before the onset of AIDS to prevent transmission.
Researchers have created a textured rubber material that provides better traction on ice, offering a potential solution for slip-resistant winter boots. The material, made of glass fibers embedded in a compliant rubber, was developed to reduce incidents of pedestrian slips and falls on icy surfaces.
Researchers at Henry Ford Health discovered that sildenafil improves neurological function even in middle-aged mice with long-term diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The study suggests new insights into underlying mechanisms and potential treatment for long-term diabetic neuropathy.
Researchers discovered that macrophages activate the MAPK pathway, leading to increased tumor growth. Blocking this pathway reverses macrophage-mediated resistance and increases antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitors.
Regular use of aspirin or NSAIDs reduces colorectal cancer risk, but rare genetic variants do not offer the same benefit to some individuals. The study found a 30% reduction in risk for most participants, but no protective effect for those with certain genetic variations.
A new comparison of workplace vs. non-workplace suicides reveals important differences in risk factors and rates. The study found that protective services occupations have the highest workplace suicide rate, with law enforcement officers being at greatest risk.
A meta-analysis published in The Lancet found that longer dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation was associated with increased mortality. Shorter DAPT, on the other hand, was linked to lower rates of all-cause and non-cardiac mortality, as well as reduced risk of major bleeding.
A Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics-led trial demonstrates the potential of mathematical modelisation and experimentation in treating breast cancer. By combining clinical and experimental oncology with modelisation, researchers identified mechanisms that enable tumour cells to shape monocyte activities for their advantage.
A recent measles outbreak in California was likely caused by substandard vaccination compliance, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics. The study estimates that vaccination rates among exposed populations may be as low as 50 percent, highlighting the need for herd immunity.
Researchers have discovered a valley beneath East Antarctica's most rapidly-changing glacier, accelerating melting and thinning of the Totten Glacier's ice shelf. Climate change is raising global sea levels, with the glacier potentially representing a major component.
Researchers explain the causes of singlet exciton fission, a process that could double electrical current from blue and green light in solar cells. By understanding this mechanism, they may develop new materials to enhance solar cell efficiency.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that routine thrombectomy during angioplasty for heart attacks does not provide a benefit and may increase the risk of stroke. The study included over 10,000 patients and randomly assigned half to receive angioplasty alone or with manual thrombectomy.
A new survey from NYU Langone Medical Center found that most physicians believe diet is as important as statin therapy in preventing heart disease, and would welcome additional training in nutrition. The study suggests that improving physician knowledge on diet could lead to better patient outcomes.
NASA's Aqua satellite and ISS-RapidScat instrument monitored storm Pam's structure and wind speed. The storm transitioned to an extra-tropical cyclone, with maximum sustained winds near 56 mph/90 kph.
Patients with multivessel coronary artery disease receive better outcomes with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than angioplasty and stent implantation, according to a study. This is in line with past studies that have shown CABG leads to better outcomes for patients with multiple narrowed arteries.
Research shows exercise slows tumor growth and improves blood vessel perfusion, leading to reduced hypoxia and better response to chemotherapy. Exercise combined with chemotherapy results in slower tumor growth compared to sedentary mice or those treated with the drug alone.
NASA's Aqua satellite tracked Tropical Cyclone Bavi as it moved westward through the Philippine Sea, revealing strong thunderstorms and cold cloud top temperatures. The storm is expected to continue on a westerly trek before weakening into a depression near the northern Philippines.
Research suggests a link between finger length ratios and schizophrenia in males, with those having shorter index fingers indicating high testosterone exposure. The 2D:4D ratio has been found to be an effective predictor of schizophrenia, showing significant differences between patient and control groups.
Researchers have used cyborg insect technology to study the behavior of giant flower beetles in flight, revealing a key muscle used for steering. The findings demonstrate improved control over the beetles' free-flying movements, with potential applications in search-and-rescue operations.
Researchers found that mapping ICD-10 to ICD-9 is complex and challenging, with convoluted mappings and some codes not translating at all. A new web portal tool provides guidance on ambiguous translations, helping clinical researchers and analysts work with both old and new codes.
A comprehensive study of over 95,000 patients found that glucose-lowering therapies prescribed to diabetes patients may pose an increased risk for the development of heart failure. The study showed a 14% overall increased risk of heart failure with intensive blood sugar-lowering drugs or strategies.
A new method applied to European temperature data reveals subtle changes in climate regularity, with time scales longer than a year showing less predictability. The study provides a map visualisation of the entropy results, highlighting the time scales which have changed most.
A study by North Carolina State University found that depictions of black men and women as criminals or suspects in TV news programs led to lower support for police among non-white viewers. Conversely, representations of white suspects had little impact on public opinion.
A Kansas State University-led study identified an 'affinity switch' that regulates the formation of proteasomes, complexes responsible for protein degradation. This discovery may provide new target sites for drugs and improve human health by understanding how cells assemble these molecular machines.
A comprehensive survey of toxicants in smokeless tobacco products found that hydrazine is not a prevalent contaminant. Trace levels were detected in some samples but significantly lower than previous reports.
A research team at James Cook University discovered how geckos manage to stay clean in dusty environments by using tiny hair-like spines that trap water droplets and release energy. This process has important implications for human applications, including the development of marine-based electronics and superhydrophobic clothing.
More than half of mothers and one-third of fathers discuss child health and parenting on social media. Despite benefits like reduced feelings of loneliness, parents worry about oversharing and its potential consequences for their children's privacy and safety.
Scientists have made new discoveries about fault development, which could lead to more accurate predictions of earthquake hazards. By analyzing fault geometry, researchers found that the efficiency of faults increases as new ones grow and link, but never reaches the same level as straight faults.
Scientists have successfully recorded sound and audio files onto a non-magnetic plasmonic nanostructure, increasing storage capacity by 5,600 times. The technology uses novel gold nanoantennas to store audio information as a temporally varying intensity waveform or frequency varying intensity waveform.
Millennials consume news across various platforms, including social media, for civic, problem-solving, and entertainment purposes. The study finds that 70% of their social media feeds contain a diverse mix of viewpoints.
A recent study defines a distinct subtype of aggressive prostate cancer marked by MAP3K7 and CHD1 gene loss, accounting for 10% of all cases and 25% of fatal outcomes. Researchers used stem-cell models to show that these genetic changes disrupt healthy tissue formation, leading to hybrid cells with aggressive characteristics.
Researchers in Japan studied Sarracenia purpurea to understand how carnivorous pitcher leaves form. They found that oriented cell division is the key factor behind pitcher leaf development, resulting in a hollow structure.
A new study finds that carotid baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) improves NYHA Class, quality of life scores and exercise capacity in symptomatic advanced heart failure patients receiving optimum drug therapy. BAT was safely implanted with few complications and no adverse effects.
A study of over 18,000 patients found that newer drug-coated stents have similar long-term rates of death as traditional bypass surgery. However, the stent group had slightly more heart attacks in the long term.
Pazopanib, a cancer drug, shows promise in reducing bleeding and small AVMs in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare genetic disorder. The study aims to assess the efficacy of pazopanib in improving symptoms and quality of life for HHT patients.
The reintroduction of lions in the Tembe Elephant Park in South Africa highlights the competition between humans, endemic herbivores, and carnivores. The analysis found that lions compete with humans throughout the year, except winter, while also competing with endemic herbivores in all seasons.
The EU imports 25% of all soy, 18% of palm oil, 15% of beef, and 31% of leather from illegal tropical forest destruction. The Netherlands, Italy, Germany, France, and UK are major consumers of these commodities.
Research from VA's Women's Health Research Network highlights key barriers and unmet needs for women veterans in accessing care, with a focus on primary care, reproductive health, mental health, and military service-related issues. The studies inform policy recommendations to guide quality improvement efforts.
Research finds that US Treasury securities show a significant swing in returns between October and April due to seasonal depression. The average monthly return difference is 80 basis points, indicating a substantial impact of SAD on investment decisions.
A new Duke University study finds that die-hard college sports fans are rare, making up only about 2% of published obituaries of adults. These ardent fans were more likely to be white, mainline Protestants, and participate in coaching, but not linked to a college's academic reputation.
Researchers at the University of Michigan found that genetic mutations affecting yeast gene expression can impact evolutionary fitness. The study revealed that natural selection favors consistent gene expression, suggesting a link between gene variability and evolutionary outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Utah have uncovered the secrets behind hybrid perovskite solar cell performance, enabling rapid testing using magnetic fields. The study confirms a new mechanism that explains the material's high efficiency, shedding light on its behavior and potential for optimization.
A new study by McGill University researchers found that genetic data from African and European populations did not explain the racial mortality gap in cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle, education, and socio-economic factors are now considered more promising avenues for understanding racial health disparities. The study suggests that fu...
The study found that cardiac PET/CT imaging diagnosed heart problems with certainty 88% of the time, while SPECT imaging gave a clear diagnosis only 30% of the time. This technology reduces unnecessary invasive procedures and radiation exposure by a factor of 10.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have discovered a key RNA mechanism that helps plants adapt to their environment, which could lead to improved crop yields and gene therapies for diseases like cancer. The findings also suggest similar mechanisms exist in humans, providing new avenues for medical research.
Researchers used supercomputers to analyze a biomolecular interaction that behaves like a Chinese Finger Trap puzzle. The study identified the nature of cellulosomal proteins' adhesion complex, showing extreme resistance to force, and boosted efforts to develop catalysts for biofuel production from non-food waste plants.
Researchers discovered that Shp2 blocks protection program senescence, boosting tumor growth in breast cancer. Senescent cells secrete messenger molecules to trigger the immune system's defense against cancer.
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's SAWBO initiative uses animated educational videos to teach subsistence farmers how to construct raised planting beds and install drip irrigation systems. These techniques can increase agricultural productivity, conserve water, and even combat desertification.
Researchers developed a nanotechnology-based method to assess prostate cancer risk, enabling doctors to identify aggressive forms of the disease and tailor treatment recommendations. The study's findings suggest that this approach may improve patient outcomes by minimizing side effects.
A new SAGE white paper reveals that 68% of students watch videos in their classes, with 79% using them to enhance learning. The most compelling videos feature charismatic speakers, and preferred lengths range from 5-20 minutes, depending on the topic.
Immediate treatment of HCV-infected patients with moderate or advanced liver scarring is cost-effective, and can also be effective in those with minimal or no scarring. This finding increases the potential for quality of life improvement, particularly when lower treatment costs are assumed.
A large study has found that routine blood clot removal during heart attack treatment does not benefit patients and may increase the risk of stroke. The TOTAL trial involved over 10,700 patients and showed no differences in cardiovascular outcomes between those who received clot removal and those who did not.
The Menetries's tiger moth was recorded feeding on the native devil's helmet host plant, Aconitum rubicundum, for the first time. This discovery confirms that the species is polyphagous and may rely on aconite alkaloids for protection against diseases.
A new computational tool identifies 800 ways people are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), allowing for personalized prediction guides. The algorithm, developed by NYU Langone Medical Center researchers, can predict PTSD risk less than two weeks after a traumatic event.
Researchers at UNC-Chapel Hill have developed CLIP, a 3D printing technology that manipulates light and oxygen to fuse objects in liquid media. This method allows for the creation of commercially viable objects with feature sizes below 20 microns, making it possible to produce parts 25-100 times faster than traditional technologies.