A new study presents data from an FDA-approved clinical trial testing the generic vaccine BCG to reverse advanced type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that BCG may induce a permanent increase in expression of genes that restore beneficial regulatory T cells (Tregs) preventing autoimmune attacks on the body's own tissue.
A pioneering contact lens therapy has shown considerable potential to impact the rising prevalence of myopia in children, slowing its progression by 59%. The dual-focus contact lens was effective in reducing the rate of juvenile-onset myopia, with no side effects common to alternative pharmacological therapies.
The UNIST design team has developed Quietto, an interactive desk clock that uses a concrete and milled wood interface to show upcoming daily schedules. The award recognizes the unique approach to designing a tangible interface using concrete and introducing a new way of understanding time and schedule.
Researchers at OIST used one-atom-thin graphene film to drastically enhance the quality of electron microscopy images of biological specimens. The low-energy electrons interact strongly with the virus sample but not with the background graphene layer, providing high contrast and resolving tiny details.
The EV-FPS test correctly identifies men with aggressive prostate cancer 40% more accurately than current PSA tests. It has the potential to eliminate up to 600-thousand unnecessary biopsies and reduce hospitalizations annually in North America.
Researchers created a numerical 'tweezers' tool to study nucleus interactions, finding that local forces play a crucial role in determining attraction or repulsion. The study sheds light on the parameters controlling these nuclear forces, which inform nuclear structure.
Researchers confirm Nipponosaurus is a valid taxon and a juvenile dinosaur that has not reached sexual maturity. It was discovered to have unique characteristics, including a wide shelf-like structure on the lower jaw and extremely short front legs.
The NIH-funded Einstein-Rockefeller-CUNY Center for AIDS Research aims to prevent HIV transmission and develop a cure. The center will focus on behavioral science, clinical translation, biomarker discovery, and HIV vaccine development to improve population health outcomes.
Research finds that soft shelled turtles in China are spreading cholera due to the presence of Vibrio cholerae pathogens. The study used bioluminescent proteins to observe the bacteria's colonization on the turtles' surfaces and intestines.
A study by UNIST has introduced a method for remote detection of hazardous radioactive substances, increasing sensitivity 4,800 times over conventional methods. The new device can detect radioactivity at distances of tens to 100 km, enabling early warning systems and improved safety measures.
Balinese rice farmers' planting patterns create fractal designs that yield optimal harvests without global planning. The pattern's emergence is driven by water availability and pest damage, making the system more resilient. Farmers adapt locally, taking individual decisions that optimize their own harvests, resulting in a stable system.
In a clinical trial of 86 patients with colorectal and other cancers, scientists found that half respond to pembrolizumab due to mutations in their tumors. This could lead to a new standard-of-care including mismatch repair deficiency testing to identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
A phase 3 trial found that a lumacaftor and ivacaftor combination improves lung function in children with cystic fibrosis, reducing air clearance time by 15 days. The treatment also slows chloride levels in sweat, suggesting it corrects gene mutations.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered a new science that could provide better therapeutic options for Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL patients. The new drug inhibits DNA repair proteins, reducing leukemia load by 50-70% in mouse models.
A recent study explores the species-area relationship and volume-species relation, finding that higher canopies are associated with more plant species due to increased biospace. This correlation is observed across different climate zones, suggesting a fundamental role in ecology.
A recent study suggests that targeted removal of senescent cells can delay the onset of age-related pathologies, such as osteoarthritis. The research team found that selectively destroying these old cells can reduce pain, promote new cartilage growth, and create a pro-regenerative environment.
Researchers found that radiation therapy can alter neural networks and lead to cognitive decline in patients with brain tumors. The study suggests that the treatment may cause broader adverse effects, including thinning of the brain cortex and increased segregation between brain regions.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that most women who undergo a cesarean childbirth are prescribed more opioid pain medications than needed when released from the hospital. Most patients use opioids for an average of eight days after discharge, with many storing unused tablets in unlocked locations.
Researchers will develop coral disease forecasting models for Hawai'i, U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands, and the Great Barrier Reef using field work, experimental data, and satellite information. The project aims to identify local environmental stressors increasing disease susceptibility and prioritize management practices.
Researchers have created a new alloy that exhibits superelastic behavior at the nanoscale, requiring much higher stress to deform than larger materials. This discovery opens up new channels for developing flexible microsystems and electromechanical nanosystems, including implantable devices with potential applications in smart healthcare.
A group of scientists found that parasitic nematode species can thrive without sex by using large, duplicated genomes. These genomes provide a reservoir for adaptation to different environments and plant hosts, giving the nematodes an evolutionary advantage over their sexual relatives.
A new IUPUI study found that African-Americans in lower-income brackets have a lower risk of binge drinking during adolescence, but a higher risk at older ages. Higher incomes show comparable risks across racial groups.
Researchers from ITMO University and Hebrew University have developed a method to recover protein structure after chemical denaturation, working for both specific molecules and multiprotein systems. The technology simplifies and cheapens the production of drug proteins for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's treatment.
Researchers at Rice University have created hydrogel strings using a compound found in mussels, allowing for controlled growth of cells on surfaces. The aligned fibers promote ordered cell growth, making it possible to direct cell growth from one location to another.
A new research design from Perelman School of Medicine scientists provides a more effective way to assess the safety of newly approved drugs and those with rapidly increasing or declining use. This trend-in-trend method can identify rare side effects and provide accurate results, even in the absence of comparable control groups.
Researchers have developed a novel method to create stable and low-cost electrodes from discarded stainless steel mesh, ideal for potassium-ion batteries. The new electrode design uses a waste material to store potassium ions, overcoming the limitations of sodium ion batteries.
Low-income patients in non-expanded states are more likely to travel out of state for abortion care, pushing procedures into the second trimester. This highlights the growing inaccessibility of abortion services and the need for compassionate public health policies.
A new study found that a molecular compound called CLR01 improves balance and coordination in mice with early-stage Parkinson's disease. CLR01 reduces the amount of toxic alpha-synuclein protein in the brain, which is thought to contribute to the development of the disorder.
A new study found that oral prednisone reduced immune responses to AAV-based gene delivery, resulting in a 60% decrease in cytotoxic T cell infiltrates. The treatment also increased PD-L2 levels, which induce programmed T-cell death, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for gene therapy.
A new study published in Social Science and Medicine found that a rewards programme increased weight loss magnitude and duration by more than twice as much as a control group. The programme, which offered cash or lottery tickets for meeting monthly weight loss goals, also led to higher rates of sustained weight loss.
Among older patients with diabetes, being overweight reduces the risk of early death by 18% compared to normal weight counterparts. However, this survival benefit is only observed in older patients and diminishes over time.
A Clemson University graduate discovered that certain toxicants can disrupt the maturation of Daphnia magna by altering lipid levels, affecting development and reproductive rates. The study found that triclosan and atrazine can lead to stunted growth and altered lipid allocation in newborns.
A phase III clinical trial showed that combining lesinurad with febuxostat was more effective at lowering blood urate levels than febuxostat alone. The combination group achieved target urate levels in significantly more patients over 12 months.
Experts agree on routine screening, medication-assisted treatment, and addressing pain management for women with opioid use disorder. Research is needed to improve outcomes for affected women, newborns, and families.
A team of researchers at RWTH Aachen University used the Cray XC40 Hazel Hen supercomputer to simulate turbulent multiphase flows, paving the way for more accurate modeling and design of cleaner coal plants. The study's findings support the team's goal of improving CO2 emissions from coal power plants.
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers measured the deflection of light rays as they passed near a white dwarf star, providing a solid estimate of its mass. The result confirms theoretical predictions and offers insights into the star's structure and composition.
Researchers studying space-traveling flatworms found that microgravity affects their regeneration, behavior and microbiome. The worms' bodies underwent permanent changes after exposure to space, including spontaneous fission and altered biological states.
Researchers created a new form of ultrastrong, lightweight carbon by pressurizing and heating glassy carbon to extreme temperatures. This material has unique properties that make it suitable for various applications, including aerospace engineering and military armor.
A six-month text messaging program improved blood sugar levels in low-income Hispanics with Type 2 diabetes, rivaling some glucose-lowering medications. The study found that participants who engaged more with the messages had better A1C measures.
A new University of Iowa study examines the link between obesity and food container chemical substitutes, finding no associations with BPF and BPS. However, the study confirms that BPA is associated with increased obesity in humans.
A new study has identified human factors that could be targeted by elimination interventions for 'monkey malaria', a complex and potentially life-threatening parasite. Adult male farmers in the Sabah region are more likely to contract Plasmodium knowlesi malaria due to their outdoor work on plantations.
Researchers propose a day-ahead economic dispatch model to optimize wind power generation, considering both planned and real-time energy use. The framework successfully predicts optimal models for energy commitment and has been tested in real-world simulations.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London discovered a 'gap' in liquid wave spectra, allowing only short-wavelength solid-like waves to propagate. This finding paves the way for developing a consistent theory of liquids and has implications for industrial processes.
Scientists have discovered a way to revive mixed folded proteins by applying an electrostatic interaction between folded or denatured proteins and alumina nanoparticles. This breakthrough could simplify and reduce the production costs of drug proteins for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's treatment.
A new robotic tool has been introduced for assessing muscle overactivity and movement dysfunction in stroke survivors. The robotic-assisted rehabilitation therapy is expected to improve the mobility of patients surviving a stroke.
Researchers found long-term retinal injury and inflammation after blast exposure, even without detectable brain damage. The retina may serve as a sensitive indicator of low-level blast injury, helping identify individuals at risk of visual impairment.
Research from the University of Rochester Medical Center suggests that preterm infants may be more susceptible to lung diseases due to a lack of alveolar type II cells. These cells play a crucial role in rebuilding lung tissue after damage and producing pulmonary surfactant, a vital compound for healthy lungs.
The University of Zurich has simulated a gigantic catalogue of 25 billion virtual galaxies from 2 trillion digital particles using the revolutionary code PKDGRAV3. This simulation will help optimize the observational strategy of the Euclid satellite, which aims to investigate dark matter and dark energy.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab create method to track dynamic molecular features in soft materials, enabling control of vibrational waves and flow of energy. The technique has potential applications in thermal and acoustic insulators, waste heat conversion, and light-mechanical motion.
Researchers at California Institute of Technology have identified a neural circuit in the brain that controls wakefulness. The discovery could lead to new treatments for insomnia and other sleep disturbances. The study found that stimulating these neurons with light can help overcome tiredness, while silencing them can induce sleep.
Researchers developed a new method to predict human biological age using carotid artery data, with a mean absolute error of 6.9 and 5.9 years for healthy individuals. The study used a combination of carotid ultrasound and tonometry data, as well as machine learning algorithms.
Researchers at Georgia State University have discovered a link between male sexual behavior and elevated male sex hormone receptors in the muscles of sex-changing fish. The study found that males express more androgen receptors in the supracarinalis muscle, which is associated with increased rates of courtship and aggressive displays.
A new software tool called Mendel,MD can help doctors analyze patients' genetic data to diagnose diseases caused by mutations. Developed for easy use by physicians, the tool is freely available and has been validated using clinical cases and tests at multiple research centers.
Cyanobacteria's protein machines, called carboxysomes, were biochemically purified and visualized using advanced microscopes. They were found to be softer and structurally flexible than previously thought, with implications for designing new nanomaterials and nano-bioreactors.
A team of researchers from KIT and EPFL used optical silicon nitride micro-resonators to generate continuously circulating solitons, enabling massive parallel data transmission on 179 wavelength channels. The system achieved a record-breaking data rate of over 50 terabits per second.
Research reveals that nutritional factors significantly impact genetic variation and mutation patterns in bacteria, leading to distinct evolutionary paths. Environmental stresses like starvation for essential elements determine the availability of mutations, influencing the emergence of traits dependent on specific mutations.
A University of Oklahoma researcher has identified the possible compositions of seven planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, finding six to be Earth-like. The exception, TRAPPIST-1f, has a high water content, suggesting TRAPPIST-1e as a potential candidate for habitability studies.
Researchers found that fetuses at 34 weeks gestation turn their heads to look at face-like images, indicating a possible instinctual preference for faces. This discovery suggests that babies' preference for faces begins in the womb and does not require learning or experience after birth.
Neuroscientists propose using nonlinear message-passing and probabilistic models to simulate real-world conditions in the brain. This approach aims to better understand the brain's ability to perform approximate probabilistic inference.
Scientists have developed a technique to capture and slow down light, allowing them to observe the quantum nature of electrons in graphene. This breakthrough could lead to new discoveries in superconductors and topological materials.