Researchers propose that a single neural network, the fronto-parietal network, relies on 'emulation' to perform various cognitive tasks. This process creates an abstract dynamic image of movements, enabling the brain to strengthen motor skills and construct precise representations.
The report identifies five essential domains for successfully addressing disparities: knowing who to involve, shaping organizational culture, creating urgency and a vision, engaging the organization and audience, and harnessing the power of a collaborative network. These strategies were developed by participants in the Massachusetts Ge...
New simulations reveal DNA's constant motion enables rapid transcription factor diffusion, contradicting the long-held assumption of rigid DNA. The findings have significant implications for understanding cell processes and potentially boost speed and accuracy in biological and medical research.
A $1.875 million EDGE program award will help Virginia Weis study the microscale mechanisms behind coral-algal symbiosis, a key component of coral reef ecosystems threatened by environmental stress and climate change. The project aims to develop new genomic tools and techniques for understanding coral health and stress.
Climate change and increased demand will outstrip freshwater supply in Iqaluit, even with stagnant population growth. Researchers predict the city may run out of fresh water by 2024 unless alternative sources are found to extend the water supply.
A new strategy for treating glioblastoma, a difficult-to-treat brain tumor, has shown promising results in mice by combining medications that disable two proteins. This approach could potentially extend or save the lives of patients diagnosed with this lethal form of cancer.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that adolescents with ADHD have a 36% higher crash risk than other newly licensed teens, but this risk is still relatively low. The study suggests that evidence-based training and education for teens with ADHD who want to drive may help manage their risk.
Tropical Depression 3E is a disorganized storm system approaching southwestern Mexico, with periodic bursts of thunderstorm development near its center. The National Hurricane Center forecasts locally heavy rainfall and dangerous mudslides, with total rainfall accumulations expected to reach 5-10 inches in some areas.
Researchers found that HbA1C levels are higher in blacks compared with whites for a given mean glucose level, suggesting racial differences in glycation of hemoglobin. This discrepancy highlights the need for clinicians to individualize care based on blood glucose levels rather than relying solely on HbA1C levels.
A University of Michigan study found exposure to chemicals like naled and chlorpyrifos during pregnancy associated with lower fine and gross motor skills scores. Infants exposed to these pesticides showed signs of motor delays, which may predict developmental problems later in childhood.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition found that vegetarian diets are more effective than conventional low-calorie diets in reducing body weight. Vegetarian diets also improve glucose and lipid metabolism, which is particularly important for people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Macrophages, known as the Pac-Man of the immune system, promote healing by regrowing severed nerves in rats, offering a promising alternative to current treatments like autografts. The approach uses biological signals to recruit younger, undifferentiated cells destined to become pro-healing macrophages.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that canagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of both cardiovascular disease and kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes. The drug was shown to lower blood sugar levels and also provide protection against heart failure and renal decline.
Research found that individuals with low vitamin A levels are 10 times more likely to develop tuberculosis than those with high levels. Vitamin A supplementation may be an effective way to prevent TB in people at high risk of disease.
The new technology uses electronically barcoded microparticles to test for biomarkers, bacteria, viruses, air contaminants and more. It aims to enable true labs on chips, smaller than a USB flash drive or an Apple Watch, for real-time health monitoring and diagnosis.
Farmers in the US face unique stressors that increase their risk of suicide, including physical isolation and lack of mental health care resources in rural areas. The study found that farmers are more likely to commit suicide during economic crises or extreme weather periods.
Researchers have discovered a way to increase the effectiveness of doxorubicin in treating colon cancer while minimizing its toxic side effects. The new combination therapy uses aldose reductase inhibitors to block oxidative signals that drive cancer growth.
The study found that the highest number of alien species can be found on islands and in coastal regions, with Hawaii leading the way. The researchers also discovered that densely populated areas and economically developed countries are particularly vulnerable to the introduction of new species.
The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute has released 1,003 phylogenetically diverse bacterial and archaeal reference genomes, which will aid in understanding the functions of genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways with wide applications in bioenergy, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental sciences.
A recent study at the University of Missouri School of Medicine found that electrodermal activity, measured through skin perspiration, can provide an objective evaluation of resident physicians' surgical skills. As training progressed, resident responses to stress during surgery decreased in relation to their experience level.
The Journal has published 3,000 articles per year with an incredibly short submission-to-publication time of <65 days. It plays a crucial role in shaping the evolution of scientific publishing and enables quick dissemination of groundbreaking research.
Researchers found high numbers of invasive species in island and coastal regions, particularly in the Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand's North Island, and Indonesia. The study highlights the need for effective measures to prevent further introductions of alien plants and animals into vulnerable ecosystems.
Researchers from the Blue Brain Project used algebraic topology to discover structures in the brain with up to eleven dimensions. These high-dimensional structures and spaces arise when a group of neurons forms a clique, generating precise geometric objects that can never be produced by chance.
A new study led by Penn State Smeal College of Business researchers assesses the capacity of humanitarian response systems following disasters. The research proposes new metrics based on optimization models to guide individual decisions toward system improvement and aid in real-time assessment of stockpile capacity.
A UTA-led interdisciplinary team is developing a computer program to detect social bots spreading fake news on Twitter. The project will leverage sophisticated algorithms and data mining techniques to combat the bots and spread of misinformation.
A new study has found that a decades-old malaria drug can safely lower levels of a toxic protein linked to familial ALS. The research suggests the drug could potentially slow disease progression in patients with genetic mutations.
Researchers at UC Davis have successfully grown lab-grown tissue similar to natural cartilage, demonstrating its potential to treat joint disease. The new material exhibits similar composition and mechanical properties as native cartilage, showing great promise for implantation into damaged joints.
Researchers discovered anthranilic acid as a circulating compound associated with the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The study identified promising findings in new biological pathways and potential drug targets for prevention.
Researchers found that online ads decrease brain activity in frontal/prefrontal cortical areas, indicating a drop in concentration levels. The presence of ads also affects the frontal/prefrontal asymmetry index, with some subjects experiencing increased and others decreased activity.
The Afro-Asian summer monsoon is projected to intensify and shift northwards following the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) warm phase since the mid-1990s. Precipitation in the Huanghe-Huaihe River valley increased in the late 1990s, marking a significant change in the region's climate.
A team of MIT researchers has developed a new approach to deep learning computations using light instead of electricity, potentially improving speed and efficiency for certain applications. The new programmable nanophotonic processor uses multiple light beams to carry out complex calculations with zero energy and near-instant results.
Alemtuzumab's phase III trial datasets reveal a massive re-population of B cells in MS patients, leading to secondary autoimmune disease. The study suggests controlling this 'overshoot' may limit risk and make the drug more effective.
A team of biologists found that a promiscuous salamander balances its genome by using equal contributions from three separate species. This balanced genetic profile may be key to the hybrid's success and adaptability.
A new study from the University of Waterloo found that half of those who avoid flu shots do so due to concerns over vaccine effectiveness and personal immune systems. The study also revealed that moral and religious reasons, as well as past poor vaccine experiences, contribute to avoidance.
Scientists at Michigan State University found that examining daily climate minutia provides a better understanding of variable land climates, crucial for policy-making. The study reveals dramatic swings in northern China's climate, affecting agriculture and economic development.
The new clinical guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. For medically inoperable patients with high-risk clinical scenarios, SBRT is recommended as an alternative to surgery or salvage therapy.
Spanish universities have shown improved scientific productivity despite limited resources, with a significant increase in researchers' publications and patents. International collaboration has also increased, with the US being the top partner.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine found that e-cigarette users are relatively less dependent on their product compared to traditional cigarette smokers. The PATH study analyzed responses from over 30,000 young people and adults, showing that e-cigarettes cause less nicotine dependence than cigarettes.
A Cornell University study reveals genetic adaptations to plant-heavy diets led to increased frequency of FADS1 gene variants, crucial for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid production. This discovery has implications for personalized dietary recommendations based on individual genetic backgrounds.
A new nanomaterial capable of reducing CO2 with high selectivity and turnover number has been developed by Tokyo Tech. The material consists of carbon nitride nanosheets combined with a metal structure known as binuclear ruthenium(II) complex, resulting in unprecedented binding of RuRu' to the nanosheet surface.
Scientists have developed a systematic approach to screen for molecules produced by molds, finding 17 new natural products in three species. The technology, called FAC-MS, uses genomics and data analytics to identify gene clusters that produce valuable chemicals.
A new study reveals that 30% of the world's population is affected by weight problems, resulting in over 4 million deaths attributed to excess body weight. The study found that nearly 40% of these deaths occurred among people with a BMI below the threshold for obesity, highlighting the risks associated with being overweight or obese.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a monoclonal antibody known as SYN0012 that blocks the production of cadherin-11, a protein responsible for calcifying heart valves. The drug shows promise in keeping heart valve leaflets supple and preventing the progression of aortic valve stenosis.
A new study reveals that Central Valley farm fields can create environmental benefits for California's salmon populations. Researchers transplanted small hatchery-reared salmon to a 5-acre field, where the fish grew at an exceptionally high rate due to the availability of abundant zooplankton and nutrients.
A team of researchers from Caltech and Berkeley Lab found that tiny amounts of oxygen beneath the copper catalyst's surface play a critical role in activating carbon dioxide for conversion to ethanol. The discovery sheds light on the atomic-level details of the reaction, enabling scientists to predict ways to improve efficiency.
Musicians can predict each other's moves without verbal cues through subtle body sway, according to a McMaster University study. The findings improve understanding of nonverbal communication and could lead to better techniques for individuals with autism or dementia.
Researchers found that electrical conductivity increases as pressure on micro-contact interface between grains increases, defying traditional expectations.
A team of NYU researchers has pinpointed a sugar modification in cells that spurs the spread of skin cancer, specifically melanoma. The study reveals that silencing FUT8 enzyme suppresses cancer onset and tumor dissemination in laboratory mice.
Researchers identified a key signaling pathway causing bile duct cancer and found possibilities to interrupt it. High ROS levels and TNF production promote tumor growth, but antioxidants and JNK inhibitors can stop tumorigenesis.
Research reveals mast cells can contribute to severe dengue disease by increasing vasculature permeability, providing insights into pathogenesis and potential treatments. Mast cell activation mechanisms also affect local immune responses during dengue transmission.
Physicists have developed a way to control high-energy particle emissions in an undulator device, which could potentially be used as a source of radiation for cancer treatment or nuclear waste processing. The new device produces a much higher level of radiation than traditional ones.
A UConn study uses a novel device to detect DNA damage caused by e-cigarette vapor, finding that non-nicotine e-liquids can also cause DNA damage similar to filtered cigarettes. The researchers' findings raise concerns about the potential health risks of e-cigarettes.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging recognized seven new SNMMI Fellows for their distinguished service and exceptional achievements in the field. The fellows include past SNMMI presidents, renowned experts, and leaders in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
A new study found that 17 physical health conditions are associated with an increased risk of suicide, with traumatic brain injury and sleep disorders representing a greater than twofold increase. Targeted interventions in primary care and specialty care may be key to preventing suicides.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center identify novel inhibitor (R)-9bMS that targets epigenetic modification of the androgen receptor gene, blocking growth in resistant prostate cancer cells. The discovery offers a new therapeutic option for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who do not respond to enzalutamide.
Researchers found that a new type of nitrogen fertilizer, SuperU, can significantly reduce nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated crops by up to 53% compared to traditional granular urea. However, the effect depends on crop rotation, with yields remaining unaffected when used in corn production.
Third-year graduate student Emily Oot has received a $106,887 grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to investigate neurobiological predictors of alcohol use onset during adolescence. The study aims to identify risk factors for substance use in early teens and inform prevention and intervention strategies.
A study of 13,948 participants found that lower education levels were associated with increased lifetime risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. Higher education levels resulted in lower CVD risk, regardless of other socioeconomic factors.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati developed a genetic fuzzy logic AI that predicted treatment outcomes for bipolar patients with 100% accuracy, surpassing conventional models. The AI, called LITHIA, can analyze vast amounts of data to identify the best treatment options, offering new hope for those affected by bipolar disorder.
Researchers are still unsure how organic compounds form in hydrothermal vents on the sea floor, a key area of study as it may hold clues to the origin of life. A new NSF-funded project aims to bridge this gap by simulating conditions and generating compounds from inorganic components.