A father's education level and income affect their spending time with children in different ways. Fathers who believe in traditional gender norms participate in less caregiving activities. Researchers found that both structural circumstances and fathers' personal beliefs matter in determining their involvement with children.
Researchers analyzed how neurons in V2 respond to natural scenes, discovering three principles: combining edges, cross-orientation suppression, and repeating patterns. This work provides insight into the brain's ability to recognize faces, cars, and other objects.
A new study found that sanitation access is crucial for children's growth and health, with households having access to toilets or latrines seeing improved stunting, anemia, and diarrhea rates. Increasing community-level sanitation access can also have a significant impact on child health.
A team at Osaka University found that agitating amorphous materials at a certain frequency accelerates crystallization, indicating a new method for controlling the formation of crystalline materials. The study used colloidal systems to model atomic materials and identified a specific vibrational mode facilitating crystallization.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have successfully developed a method for the catalytic asymmetric borylation of ketones, a breakthrough expected to facilitate the development of new medicines and functional chemicals. The team has identified a suitable catalyst element called chiral NHC complex for efficient reaction with diboron.
Researchers discovered Rrm3 protein's role in repairing breaks during DNA replication, a process crucial for preventing genetic instability and cancer. This finding sheds light on the physiological mechanisms that prevent genetic instability.
Researchers are developing new approach to computer technology, using mechanical vibrations for computations in aerospace applications. This method makes the computers more robust to radiation exposure and has potential for future commercial impacts.
Researchers have developed a novel material that rapidly removes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water, achieving concentrations below 10 parts per trillion. The material, made from a networked polymer, has shown greater affinity for PFOA than activated carbon and can be regenerated multiple times.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that people eat more and rate food as tasting better when eating with a mirror, not just another person. The study suggests a possible approach to improving the appeal of food for older people who frequently eat alone.
Scientists have developed a method to tune the optical and electrical properties of synthetic polymer analogs similar to melanin, a natural pigment affecting skin color. The study reveals that adjusting peptide sequences can produce noticeably different colors, ranging from beige to brown-black.
The art market price index, compiled by Prof. Roman Kräussl, shows a significant decline in post-war and contemporary art prices, with a 21% drop in 2016. This confirms a burst of the market bubble, which had been growing since 2009.
Scientists used computational models to investigate heterostructured nanoparticles and found that atomistic defects can jeopardize solar cell performance. They predicted a new material with improved optical properties, opening doors for more efficient energy conversion.
A new study found that behavioral 'nudges' are highly cost-effective in boosting retirement savings, college enrollment and vaccination rates, often yielding more returns than traditional interventions. Nudges encourage certain behaviors without restricting options or exacting financial penalties.
A research team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has confirmed magnetic signatures related to Majorana fermions in alpha-ruthenium trichloride, a material that could enable quantum computations. The study uses neutron scattering to reveal the material's unique magnetic behavior.
A study by Stroebe et al. found that fear of crime alone doesn't explain the need for personal protection; a general sense of threat about the world's danger also plays a role. Conservative political beliefs are stronger predictors than past experience with crime victimization.
Researchers have designed a safer antiplatelet drug based on a snake venom protein that interacts with platelets to form blood clots. The new study found that the molecule prevented platelet clotting and slowed down blood clot formation in mice, without increasing bleeding risk.
Paleontologists have found a lost ecosystem of scallops and brachiopods off southern California's coast that thrived for at least 4,000 years before dying off due to siltation from unmanaged land use. The researchers used molecular dating and geologic methods to analyze dead shells and conclude that the collapse of the brachiopod-scall...
Researchers from the California Academy of Sciences' Hope for Reefs initiative recently returned from the Philippines, where they discovered several new species of fish, nudibranchs, and sand dollars. The team also documented evidence of human impacts on deep-sea reefs, highlighting the need for stronger protections.
Chandelier cells, a type of inhibitory interneuron, develop their connections differently than other neurons. Researchers found that only synapses on axon initial segments contain molecules, while the rest appear empty throughout development.
Researchers detect methyl isocyanate in solar-type protostar, a precursor to complex compounds like peptides and amino acids. The finding suggests that planets could begin with the chemical ingredients needed for life, supporting the theory of prebiotic chemistry in space.
Researchers found that irradiation of breast fat triggers an inflammatory response, protecting remaining cancer cells and allowing tumors to grow. Agents that block inflammation could improve radiotherapy effectiveness, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer treatment.
Dementia with Lewy bodies affects 1.4 million Americans, often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. The new guidelines provide detailed guidance for diagnosing and treating the condition, which includes symptoms like visual hallucinations and sleep difficulties.
Researchers discovered the P700 oxidation system in plants to suppress reactive oxygen species production, allowing safe photosynthesis. The system starts functioning when excess light energy is present, serving as a warning marker for oxidative stress.
A new technique developed by James Cook University scientists helps oil palm growers predict crop yield, nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching. The research provides valuable information for on-farm decision making, enabling growers to make decisions that balance productivity and environmental sustainability.
A recent Danish study found that maternal daily consumption of artificially-sweetened beverages during pregnancy was associated with a higher body mass index score and increased risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years. This study suggests that substituting SSBs with artifically sweetened beverages may increase offspring obesity risk.
Researchers discover bitter taste receptors in the uterus can relax contracted muscle tissue, potentially stopping premature contractions. The findings provide hope for developing new therapeutics to prevent preterm labor.
A new paper examines the diverging trajectories of cannabis and tobacco policies in the US, highlighting the differences in regulatory approaches. The study suggests that both communities could benefit from learning from each other's strategies.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have identified how NS5A inhibitors block Hepatitis C virus replication, revealing a difference in the speed of decline depending on the strain of HCV. This understanding may lead to more effective therapies against a broader range of viruses.
Researchers at Australian National University have developed a new treatment for acute myeloid leukemia that reduces cancer cells and cancer stem cells. This innovative approach uses a compound called CX-5461 to target protein-making processes within cancer cells, leading to promising preclinical results.
A study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that despite initial reductions, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) levels in Canadian cigarettes increased after 2007. The increases raise concerns about the failure to sustain harm reduction efforts.
A Duke-led research team developed an investigational vaccine that added three more targets to the original RV144 human vaccine candidate. The resulting pentavalent vaccine protected over half of the vaccinated animals from simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection, demonstrating improved protection compared to the original regimen.
Researchers developed a calculator estimating graft survival after kidney transplant from living donors, accounting for mismatches in age, sex, HLA, and body size. The tool is particularly useful for kidney paired donation, allowing candidates to compare estimated graft survival with different potential donors.
Researchers have developed a method for autonomous learning in self-taught systems, allowing them to evolve and adapt over time. This approach, which incorporates delayed dynamics and feedback loops, has been successfully applied to neural networks and phase oscillators, yielding robust performance with minimal external control.
A team of international physicists, including UC Santa Barbara postdoctoral scholar Manuel Franco Sevilla, reviewed results from three experiments that suggest lepton universality may need to be revised. The findings, published in Nature, indicate a higher-than-expected tau decay rate in all three experiments.
Researchers found weakened cytokine interactions in blood samples of people who developed glioma, a type of brain cancer. This discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment.
A new study estimates that heroin users have a significant impact on society due to premature death, lost productivity, and chronic infectious diseases. Heroin use was estimated to cost US society over $51 billion in 2015, with the cost per user exceeding $50,799 per year.
A study published in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review found that people's names are associated with specific face shapes, influencing voting decisions. Candidates with congruent names received an average of 10 more percentage points in their elections than those with incongruent names.
The Waters Corporation and Andrew Alliance have signed a co-marketing agreement to promote their collaboration on protein therapeutics glycosylation profiling. The partnership enables laboratories to automate large numbers of routine, high-quality released N-glycan analyses with improved accuracy and precision.
A study by Osaka University reveals that a single heterodimer of two T1r members can detect a wide range of sweet and savory flavors in humans. The researchers found that the structure of the heterodimer is similar regardless of the amino acid bound, but with varying affinity for each ligand.
A new study suggests that comets may have delivered up to 22% of the element xenon found in Earth's atmosphere. The finding is based on analysis of spectrometry data from the Rosetta spacecraft, which detected isotopic signatures of cometary xenon that closely match those on Earth.
Adolescents' responses to verbal racism in school were influenced by age, ethnicity, and cross-group friendships. Younger and majority-ethnic adolescents showed more prosocial bystander responses, while older and minority-ethnic adolescents indicated aggressive or passive responses.
A study found that obese patients undergoing shoulder joint replacement surgery are at increased risk of complications, including the need for revision surgery and postoperative infections. The risk of revision surgery increases steadily with increasing body mass index (BMI) in obese patients.
Researchers conducted a study assessing stem cell transplantation for patients with a rare 'gain of function' STAT1 gene mutation. The treatment showed encouraging results, with five patients being completely cured and disease-free, but the overall success rate was disappointing at 40%. Experts propose adjusting treatment parameters, s...
A new study reveals that the 60-degree bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain is primarily caused by a directional change in the Pacific plate motion. The research also suggests that some southward plume motion is required, but this cannot be explained by current mantle convection models.
Scientists develop new fluorescent imaging agents to detect enzyme activity in healthy and diseased tissues, enabling early disease identification and direct measurement of drug treatment effectiveness.
A new study found that chemotherapy can significantly impair walking gait and balance in breast cancer patients, leading to a higher risk of falls. Researchers advocate for integrating objective measures of physical function into oncology follow-up care to reduce fall risk and improve treatment compliance.
USC researchers found that smiling during victory can hurt future cooperation chances, but smiling during a loss can increase success odds. The study used emotion-tracking software to analyze participants' facial reactions during the Golden Balls game show.
Complement component C3 is produced by microglia in the brain within days of viral infection, suggesting a localized immune response. This finding adds to understanding of how increased expression of immunologic factors contributes to neuroinflammation and seizures following viral infection.
A synthetic sensor array, resembling an artificial tongue, can detect closely related whisky samples as distinct. The device identifies key qualities such as malt status, age, and country of origin, making it a valuable tool for spotting counterfeits.
A new study confirms that wolves and dogs refuse to cooperate when they don't receive a reward, showing an innate sensitivity to inequity. The behavior is similar in both species, indicating it's not solely due to domestication.
A University of Waterloo study found that firms move income from profitable high-tax subsidiaries to unprofitable ones to save on taxes. This tax planning strategy is not currently targeted by governments, which focus on preventing companies from moving money offshore.
Researchers identified multiple genes that enable somatic cells to switch to germline fate in plants. The discovery provides molecular evidence for the evolution of reproductive systems in ancient plants, showing how plants limit switching to create a single germ cell.
Drexel University researchers uncover a crucial role of the Rad52 protein in RNA-dependent DNA repair. The study reveals an unexpected function of Rad52, promoting 'inverse strand exchange' between double-stranded DNA and RNA molecules. This mechanism may help identify new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers at Swansea University have created a new class of nanomaterials with tunable wettability, which can be used for antifouling and water-proofing surfaces. The materials are inexpensive, non-toxic, and can be applied via spray or spin-coating to various surfaces.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology found that young women have poorer transplant outcomes compared to young men, while women over 45 have similar or better outcomes. The research suggests personalized immunosuppression strategies based on age and sex could improve graft success.
Researchers discovered 'event cells' in the hippocampus that represent sequences of events, facilitating episodic memory. The study found that the brain's theta cycle phase precession plays a crucial role in organizing these event sequences.
A new study in The Lancet uses WhatsApp to collect robust data on attacks against health care workers and facilities in Syria, identifying 402 incidents between November 2015 and December 2016. Nearly half of hospitals were attacked, and services were hit more than once.
Researchers linked lower levels of WNT10A protein to male pattern baldness and found a treatment mechanism involving beta-catenin signaling. Small molecule drugs targeting this pathway may treat hair thinning and palm skin defects in WNT10A patients.
The University of Texas at San Antonio is developing an artificial neural network called NFrame to monitor and detect 'bad behavior' in computer systems. The system will learn normal behaviors and flag anomalies, allowing it to predict potential issues and prevent security breaches.
A new tool called Wide-Open identifies overdue scientific datasets and encourages their public release. The system uses text mining to detect dataset references in published articles and enforces open data policies.