A new study found that middle-aged individuals with high fitness are 56% less likely to die from heart disease after a depression diagnosis. Dr. Madhukar Trivedi recommends steps to boost exercise success, including consistency, tracking progress, and varying exercises.
Researchers at University at Buffalo developed a system for autonomous robots to behave like beavers, using surroundings to build complex structures and overcome obstacles. The robot continuously monitors and modifies its environment to create ramps and overcome uneven terrain.
The Forschungszentrum Jülich team successfully oriented a platelet-shaped PTCDA molecule as desired using a scanning probe microscope. The molecule is surprisingly stable in the upright orientation and can be used to create new electronic functionalities, such as logic and sensor circuits.
The winners of the 2018 Blavatnik National Awards are Janelle Ayres (immunology), Sergei V. Kalinin (nanomaterials), and Neal K. Devaraj (artificial cells). Their research has the potential to revolutionize fields like anti-microbial resistance, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology.
Researchers discovered heroin addicts have more hypocretin-producing neurons than controls, while morphine reversed cataplexy symptoms in narcoleptic mice. Increasing hypocretin levels may serve as a treatment strategy for narcolepsy and potentially combat opiate addiction.
A large international study found that high body fat in young women reduces breast cancer risk before menopause. Researchers discovered a 12-23% decrease in breast cancer risk for every five-unit increase in BMI, with strongest effects seen in the 18-24 age group.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified the NEK7 protein as a crucial regulator of neuron formation in the hippocampus, a region associated with memory. The study found that NEK7 is essential for dendrite growth and branching, and its deficiency leads to complex phenotypes in mice, suggesting broader roles for this protein.
A large-scale field study identified 143 heritable microbes and a core rhizosphere microbiome consisting of seven operational taxonomic units within the Proteobacteria phylum. This study contributes to understanding the relative importance of plant genetics, environment, and time in shaping microbial communities.
A new study provides a reliable map of Javan leopard distribution, highlighting priority landscapes and fragmented habitats. The predictive model reveals the importance of connectivity between protected areas and human-modified landscapes for the long-term survival of the species.
A new study finds that enzalutamide significantly lowers the risk of metastasis or death in men with non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer, delaying cancer re-appearance by almost two years. The drug also shows a 71% lower risk of metastasis or death compared to placebo.
The OU research team developed high-resolution markers to differentiate between individual birds breeding in different Oklahoma populations and across the United States. This genetic analysis can help conservation efforts by identifying declining Painted Bunting populations and informing management strategies for the species.
The University of Oklahoma Institute for Human Flourishing will conduct approximately 10 new research projects, producing edited volumes and community outreach activities. The Civic Virtues Project will integrate civic virtues education in local schools.
Researchers simulated future climate under Paris Climate Goals, finding a significant reduction in heat-related mortality if the lower goal of 1.5°C is met. The study's findings highlight the importance of adhering to the Paris Agreement goals to prevent heat-related health impacts.
A new form of immunotherapy has been found to reactivate the response to hormone treatment in advanced prostate cancer, a study in mice and human prostate cancer cells has found. The drug blocks a protein produced by immune cells, restoring sensitivity to hormone therapy and potentially improving outcomes for men with advanced disease.
Researchers found that the mountain beaver's ancestor had a larger relative brain size than modern-day mountain beavers. The study suggests that as the animal transitioned from living in trees to burrowing underground, its neocortex, responsible for sight, may have shrunk over time.
Research found inbred beetles made bad decisions in response to environmental changes, leading to reduced offspring survival and increased risk of extinction. The study suggests impaired thinking ability may contribute to this poor decision-making.
The new photodetector designed by UCLA has major improvements in speed, sensitivity and spectrum range, making it suitable for a wider range of applications including thermal imaging, environmental sensing and medical diagnosis.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo discovered barley as an ideal and safe contrast agent for diagnosing swallowing disorders. The grain's roasted version can illuminate the throat and gastrointestinal tract when struck by a laser beam, providing nuanced and real-time views inside the body.
A new potential combined treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) has shown positive results, increasing overall survival in tumor-bearing mice. Researchers found that the combination of mTOR inhibitors and Phenformin causes a metabolic shift to glycolysis, sensitizing liver tumors to dual inhibition of mTOR.
An international team of scientists confirmed that ?Oumuamua, the first known interstellar object, experienced an unexpected speed boost as it passed through the inner solar system. The team found that the object's trajectory suggested behavior consistent with a comet.
A recent study found that starting physical therapy within three weeks of a concussion provides similar outcomes to waiting longer. The therapy, which included progressive exercise and vestibular training, led to reduced concussion-related symptoms in both early and late PT groups.
International research found many marine protected areas inefficiently located and costly, failing to meet global targets. The study suggests a more strategic approach could reduce costs and improve conservation outcomes.
A recent NIH-funded pilot study found that men and women infected with gonorrhea have distinct gene expression profiles during active infection, with increased antibiotic resistance detected more frequently in males. The research highlights the need for gender-specific strategies to combat this increasingly resistant bacterial pathogen.
Researchers have mapped the first contact between Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites and human red blood cells using cryo-EM technology. The discovery provides critical information for developing potential new antimalarial drugs and vaccines.
Researchers from Northeastern University developed hierarchical Bi2MoO6 nanosheet arrays (BNAs) on 3D Ni foam, which exhibit a super high reversible discharge capacity of 2311.7 μAh/cm² and excellent cycle stability. The BNAs-integrated electrodes improve the cycle stability and capacity of lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers from the University of South Florida have published a seven-year study on the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on marine life in the Gulf of Mexico. The study found that fish populations have recovered significantly since the disaster, with some species like the red snapper and southern hake showing notable declines.
Researchers found that `Oumuamua is venting material from its surface due to solar heating, causing a tiny boost in speed. This outgassing behavior is typical for comets and contradicts the previous classification of `O'uamua as an interstellar asteroid.
Researchers are investigating topological materials for their potential to improve electronic performance and storage capacity. These materials display unusual stability even under extreme conditions.
Scientists at University of Wisconsin-Madison used an innovative approach to study the Laguna del Maule volcanic complex in Chile, measuring average uplift of 8 inches per year. The team found that magma rising under the area is causing rapid uplift, but also has a potential impact on future eruptions.
The new system uses round aluminum tanks floating on rafts of PET bottles, reducing manual labor and mortality rates. With the help of an automatic feed dispenser controlled by a solar-powered timer, fish are fed correctly 48 times per day.
A Hong Kong-based study found that nursing mothers who live with two or more smokers are more likely to stop breastfeeding sooner. The study, published in Breastfeeding Medicine, discovered a 30% higher risk of ending breastfeeding before a year among these mothers.
A study published by Imperial College London shows that financial incentives led to a 3% decrease in antibiotic prescriptions for common respiratory tract infections. The reduction was particularly notable among children and those with sore throats, highlighting the potential of this approach to curb excessive antibiotic use.
A team led by Jane Grande-Allen and Dr. Sundeep Keswani will develop computer models to predict DSS lesions in the left ventricular outflow tract, aiming to prevent fibrotic lesions and treat other cardiovascular diseases associated with altered flow.
The journal Bioanalysis has released a Special Focus Issue on biomarker assay validation (BAV), highlighting the evolution of regulatory activities and recent developments. The issue features expert opinions and scientific insights into BAV, including parallelism assessments and clinical biomarker validation.
Orangutans were once widespread and abundant before humans arrived in Southeast Asia, with teeth found among common animal remains. Long-term interactions with humans may have shaped their behavior and ecology, and conservation efforts should consider this history.
A team of astronomers led by Marco Micheli and Karen Meech found that Oumuamua was not slowing down due to gravitational forces alone, pointing to non-gravitational perturbations similar to those experienced by comets. Despite initial classification as an asteroid, the object's trajectory and behavior are more consistent with a comet.
A California study found that student mental health peer organizations increase students' perceived knowledge about mental health, decrease stigma, and promote helping behaviors. The study involved 1,129 students from 12 colleges, demonstrating the potential of student-run initiatives to shape a more supportive climate on campus.
A new study from the American Association for the Advancement of Science found that mandatory labeling of genetically engineered (GE) foods in Vermont led to a 19% reduction in opposition to these products. By providing transparency, labels may alleviate public concerns about GE food safety.
Breast cancer research has long neglected social factors like race and socioeconomic status, missing opportunities to understand and reduce disparities in risk and outcomes. Studies have shown that only a small percentage of clinical trials reported findings stratified by these factors.
A protein called TWIK2 is crucial for activating inflammation, presenting a new target for developing drugs that can restrain excessive inflammatory responses. The discovery opens up the possibility of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs to modify its function and reduce inflammation.
The study successfully uses an air-pressure control furnace to rapidly synthesize Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 solid solutions, achieving material synthesis in a shorter period than conventional electric furnaces. The researchers attribute this success to the oxygen diffusion mechanism involving interstitial oxygen.
Scientists at Southwest Research Institute found large, carbon-rich organic molecules emanating from Enceladus' subsurface ocean. The discovery indicates the moon's rocky core and warm water interact to form complex molecules, satisfying key requirements for life as we know it.
A recent study has identified 246 candidate genes involved in dog domestication, which influence brain function, development, and behavior. The research suggests that changes in these genes may have contributed to the evolution of dogs from wolves, making them more active during the day rather than at night.
Researchers present a new strategy to exploit dynamically reinforced multilevel heterogeneous grain structures for high-strength and large-ductility materials. This approach achieves a strength-ductility combination in a single-phase, simple-structured alloy that would normally require complex heterogeneities.
A new study has found that female bladders contain bacteria similar to those in the vagina, with beneficial microbes potentially providing protection against urinary infections. The research could lead to improved diagnostic tests and treatments for urinary tract disorders.
Researchers at University of East Anglia developed a framework for gathering and analyzing local information on city-level pollution. By targeting top polluters in cities, it's possible to reduce national emissions by 30% without devastating local economies.
A research team at LSU's Pennington Biomedical Research Center has been approved for a five-year, $4.5 million funding award to evaluate two treatments for children with obesity. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of counseling by primary care providers versus a combination of provider and family-based treatment.
Orangutans' evolution has been heavily influenced by humans over thousands of years. The critically endangered species can adapt to survive in human-dominated landscapes, expanding their habitat range.
Researchers at the University of Otago are testing Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processing equipment for large-scale French fry production. The technology enhances processing by altering potato microstructure, reducing oil uptake and waste, while increasing durability and yield of other food products.
Researchers at FAU and ANSER Center investigate singlet fission mechanism, gaining insights into its potential for increasing solar cell efficiency. They find that SF efficiency correlates with the coupling of molecular sub-units, providing a promising approach to boost performance.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital investigators found that patients believed allergic to penicillin have significantly increased risks of contracting MRSA and C. difficile. The increased risk can be attributed to the use of broad-spectrum alternative antibiotics, which contribute to antibiotic resistance and virulent infections.
Researchers found that people with heroin addiction have 54% more hypocretin-producing neurons than non-addicts. In mice, morphine restored missing hypocretin cells, reversing narcoleptic symptoms. Further study is needed to explore potential treatment for narcolepsy.
A new thermal camouflage system has been developed by researchers, allowing it to rapidly adapt to different temperatures and become indistinguishable from its surroundings. The system, which contains layers of graphene and an ionic liquid, can be applied to a variety of surfaces and is thin, light, and flexible.
Scientists found that late-season replenishment of oxygen allows the Bay to clean itself, leading to smaller and shorter-lived dead zones. This natural response suggests progress in reducing eutrophication and improving water quality.
New Hubble data reveals `Oumuamua is most likely a comet, venting material from its surface due to solar heating. The boost in speed, detected by NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, suggests cometary outgassing.
A new study by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health found that potentially 70,000 opioid-related overdose deaths were not included in national estimates since 1999. Incomplete death certificate reporting hampers efforts to understand the opioid epidemic's magnitude.
Researchers have solved the atomic structure of a brain receptor bound to GABA, a neurotransmitter that regulates calming signals in the brain. The high-resolution structures provide insights into how drugs like benzodiazepines act on the receptor, paving the way for better treatments for epilepsy and anxiety.
Researchers at UCalgary have discovered that the antidepressant mirtazapine may be an effective treatment for PBC, a rare and incurable liver disease. The study found that patients taking mirtazapine showed improved health outcomes compared to those without depression.
Researchers identified a new mechanism involved in age-related memory loss, where specific changes in brain circuit signaling lead to abnormal neuron responses. The study found that an adenosine receptor, A2A, is concentrated in neurons and its overactivation leads to increased glutamate release.
A team of scientists has discovered that Yosemite granite minerals crystallized at lower temperatures than previously thought, challenging our understanding of how granites form and record the planet's history. This finding has significant implications for geoscientists studying the Earth's crust formation and volcanic processes.