Articles tagged with Protein Expression
Researchers at KAUST have identified the molecular liaison responsible for promoting inflammation in endothelial tissues. They found that CD44 and PSGL-1 are key E-selectin ligands involved in this process.
A novel signaling system in S. pneumoniae strains may control gene expression and virulence in co-colonizing strains, according to a study published in PLOS Pathogens.
Research reveals survivin protein protects fat cells from death in obese individuals, potentially leading to new obesity and cancer treatments. The study found higher levels of survivin in obese subjects, suggesting it could be a target for therapy.
Researchers find that members of the DUX family of proteins, specifically DUX4, trigger gene expression program in human embryos. DUX4 stimulates expression of genes induced during zygotic genome activation by binding to their regulatory regions.
A research team at DGIST has discovered a candidate substance that can prevent and potentially cure Parkinson's disease by inducing the expression of the parkin protein. Cortisol, a stress hormone, promotes the production of this protein, which protects dopaminergic neurons from death.
The 2017 winners of the Protein Society Awards include Dr. Billy Hudson, Dr. Lewis Kay, Dr. Juli Feigon, and others who were recognized for their groundbreaking research in protein science.
Researchers investigated Bax protein expression and myocardial changes in rabbits with acute left ventricle (LV) pressure overload. The study found that Bax protein expression decreased and morphological changes occurred, particularly on day 5 of the process.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that diabetes impairs the activity of bone stem cells, leading to impaired fracture healing. A newly identified protein stimulates the activity of skeletal stem cells, counteracting this decrease and promoting efficient fracture repair.
Researchers found that NOX4 inhibits epithelial-amoeboid transition, a process contributing to liver cancer progression. Low expression of NOX4 is associated with poor prognosis and high Rho protein expression.
A study found that farm dust exposure stimulates production of a protein called A20, which suppresses inflammatory immune responses in the lungs. This leads to lower rates of asthma and allergies in children who grow up on farms.
A research team at the University of Basel has discovered a cancer type-specific 'signature' based on ribosomal protein expression. This signature may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer and point towards new therapeutic opportunities, with a strong relationship found between the signature in breast cancer and relapse-free survival.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that stem cells can police themselves to reduce scarring by producing a truncated version of a protein. This discovery holds promise for treating muscle diseases like muscular dystrophy and promoting healthy aging.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have identified a gene that may permit early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The RGS2 gene is involved in neurotransmission signaling and its reduced expression increases the sensitivity of brain neurons to toxic effects of amyloid-β, a protein associated with the disease.
Scientists at the Salk Institute have discovered key molecular conductors in plant stress responses, enabling a better understanding of how plants cope with environmental hardships. By controlling these conductors, researchers can potentially develop new technologies to optimize water use in plants and help agriculture adapt to drought.
A new study reveals that the nuclear membrane acts as an active regulatory structure, influencing gene expression and contributing to diseases like leukemia, heart disease, and aging disorders. The discovery provides insight into the critical role of nucleoporins in regulating genomic sites.
Researchers identified HMGB2 as a critical regulator of cytokine and chemokine expression during senescence, which may have detrimental effects on tumor growth. Silencing HMGB2 suppresses the expression of pro-tumorigenic factors, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate negative side effects of senescence.
The Penn Dental team has created a genetic engineering method to improve plant-based medicines by optimizing codons in DNA sequences. This technique resulted in increased protein expression levels, with hemophilia clotting factor five to six times higher and poliovirus protein roughly 26 times higher than native sequences.
A recent study has identified a potential biomarker for assessing pancreatic tumor grade, which could improve diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies. Annexin 6-expressing vesicles were found to support increased tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors.
A University of Tsukuba-led research group has identified Pax6 as the protein regulator of retinal regeneration in newts. This discovery could lead to a new treatment approach for retinal problems, enabling the regeneration of damaged retinas.
Researchers have identified a specific signaling pathway in leukemia cells that enhances their viability and reproduction. The discovery highlights the potential for targeting this pathway to develop new treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).
A portable production system can manufacture a single dose of treatment from a compact device containing a small droplet of cells in a liquid. The system uses a programmable strain of yeast to express therapeutic proteins, which can be controlled by a specific chemical trigger.
Researchers at Ontario Institute for Cancer Research created protein signatures to accurately diagnose prostate cancer and distinguish between aggressive and non-aggressive disease. The findings could lead to a non-invasive 'liquid biopsy' that provides faster, cheaper, and easier detection of prostate cancer.
A new gene, ANKRD55, has been discovered to play a significant role in the neuro-inflammation process of Multiple Sclerosis. The study found that genetic variants associated with MS increase the production of ANKRD55 transcripts in immune cells, suggesting a key gene involved in deregulation.
A research team identified low expression of methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) as a marker of poor response to chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. They found that MCJ-expressing tumors had reduced relapse-free survival and that mice deficient in MCJ had larger tumors and increased chemoresistance.
Researchers at Imperial College London have created a computer simulation of gene expression interactions, revealing the sequence of events that lead to genes being switched on. This breakthrough could lead to the design of molecules that interfere with or disrupt the process, potentially tackling diseases.
Researchers at CNIC have discovered a crucial mechanism underlying the contractile structures in both hearts and skeletal muscles. The study reveals how Chd4/NuRD acts as a molecular key to shut down one muscle program in another, leading to hybrid striated muscles that can cause severe myocardiopathies and polymyositis-type myopathies.
Researchers found that genetically modifying oncolytic viruses to express a junction opening (JO) protein significantly enhances their ability to penetrate and kill malignant epithelial cells. This breakthrough could improve cancer therapy for bulkier solid tumors.
A new study uses multiplexed immunostaining to examine protein expression in breast tumors, identifying clusters of co-expressed proteins within cancer cells. This technique enhances our understanding of tumor biology and signaling networks.
Researchers identified Pf-POU3F4, which promotes Aspein and Prismalin-14 expression in oyster shells. The study provides new perspectives on biomineralization and its similarities to bone and tooth formation in mammals.
A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals significant differences in gene expression patterns and DNA modifications between pancreatic cells of donors under 9 and those over 28. The findings highlight the importance of genes SIX3 and SIX2, which mature with age and may contribute to diabetes risk.
Researchers have discovered alternative protein versions, known as proteoforms, which are stable and tightly regulated, challenging the single gene-single protein theory. This study adds an extra dimension to the human protein landscape, potentially affecting gene editing techniques.
A new study published in Nature finds that an extra letter in RNA, m1A, regulates gene expression and is linked to increased protein synthesis. Thousands of genes are decorated by this modification, allowing cells to control the expression of proteins needed for key biological processes.
A previously unknown mechanism regulating neurogenesis has been discovered, involving precise temporal control of proneural protein activity. This mechanism involves a reversible chemical modification that enables the establishment of a network of functional neurons.
Researchers found that alpha-synuclein spreading in Parkinson's disease is triggered by enhanced expression and trans-neuronal passage of monomeric and oligomeric forms, rather than prion-like seeding. This new insight sheds light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at Rockefeller University found that mRNA components are expressed unevenly, with some regions carrying coding sequences and others not. This skewed expression may regulate protein production, particularly during embryonic development, and could provide new insights into gene function.
Researchers mapped the topological structure of the human genome, revealing how proteins like CTCF and cohesin organize genes for proper transcription. The findings provide new insights into the relationship between genome architecture and gene regulation, with potential implications for understanding genetic diseases.
Researchers found that consuming sweets activates neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, a critical region for episodic memory. This process is necessary for making memories, including those related to eating behavior. The study suggests that forming memories of meals can help control eating habits.
A team of scientists at Case Western Reserve University has produced the first image of a human protein binding with ribonucleic acid (RNA), shedding light on how some viruses, including HIV, replicate their genetic material. The discovery could lead to new strategies to block viral replication and limit or halt infection.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified two genes vital for hair cell production in young mice. Altering these proteins' expression can induce new hair cells in matured utricles, providing a potential target for regenerating lost sensors in humans.
Researchers have identified four microRNAs that play critical roles in controlling cholesterol and triglyceride levels, including miR-128-1 and miR-148a. These microRNAs regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and may hold promise for treating cardiovascular disease.
A research team at Northwestern University has developed a computational algorithm that leverages cells' noisy nature to control the networks governing cellular behavior. By controlling a smaller network of state transitions, they can promote cellular health and prevent disease.
Researchers at Harvard and MIT have developed a new approach that allows for both genome editing and gene regulation to be achieved using the same Cas9 protein, opening up possibilities for understanding diseases and designing synthetic gene circuits. The method uses engineered guide RNAs to control gene expression.
Researchers have identified a gene associated with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The BNC2 gene is linked to increased expression of protein BNC2, which regulates YY1. Studies found that the gene variation leads to higher BNC2 production in genes with the variant, contributing to the development of scoliosis.
Researchers at Mount Sinai discovered that high levels of protein H2A.Z.2 promote abnormal growth in melanoma cells, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. The study's findings suggest that blocking this protein could effectively block tumor growth and kill melanoma cells.
The GTEx project analyzed over 54,000 genes across 43 body sites from 175 individuals to identify distinct regions in the genome that affect gene expression. This work sheds light on how genetic variation predisposes people to disease and provides a resource for future studies investigating genetic control of gene expression.
Researchers solved the structure of Ebola virus nucleoprotein core domain to 1.8 Å resolution, revealing RNA binding groove similarities with other viral NPs. The findings provide valuable insights into EBOV genome assembly and transcription mechanism, as well as potential antiviral therapies targeting RNP formation.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker, ASRGL1, that can identify women with uterine cancer at high risk of recurrence. The study found that patients with low levels of ASRGL1 had a higher risk of recurrence and died from the disease.
Researchers found that chronic drinking is associated with higher CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMG), particularly in the AMG. This could lead to interactions between metabolism of drugs and endogenous substrates, altering drug response and brain physiology.
Researchers at York University found that Tup1 protein is regulated by Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) to prevent over-expression of active genes. This discovery may help understand the uncontrolled gene expression found in many cancers.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals a small loop in the human prion protein confers resistance to chronic wasting disease. The discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for developing new treatments for prion diseases, which are currently fatal and have no effective treatment.
Researchers found that hemin treatment suppresses hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia while reducing pericardial adiposity. Hemin also attenuates adipocyte inflammation and oxidative insults, promoting regeneration of proteins such as beta-catenin and Oct3/4.
Researchers found that a high-calorie diet before tumor onset can trigger ER stress, hindering tumor growth. The study identified a specific protein, FKBP10, as a potential therapeutic target, which could selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation without damaging healthy tissues.
A recent study of over 4,000 genes found that most RNA expression differences do not affect protein abundance, suggesting a previously unknown buffering mechanism regulates gene expression. This discovery highlights the importance of further analysis in studies relying on RNA measurements to characterize gene function.
Research from University of Eastern Finland finds SIP1 protein expression indicates advanced tumour stage, high recurrence risk, and poor prognosis. The study identifies SIP1 as a potential new prognostic factor for clinical use.
Researchers at UC Berkeley developed a novel protein-based material inspired by nerve cells, showing extreme sensitivity to environment. This discovery could lead to innovative biological sensors, flow valves, and controlled drug release systems.
A new study has identified two genes, FOXC1 and PITX2, that underlie the development of cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD), a risk factor for stroke. The study found that patients with mutations in these genes exhibited signs of CSVD, while zebrafish models with reduced Foxc1 levels mimicked symptoms of CSVD.
Researchers have found that ATF4 levels are elevated in livers of mice exposed to interventions increasing longevity. The protein is shared across diets, drugs, genes, and developmental alterations extending lifespan.
A new study suggests that a maternal diet low in protein can predispose offspring to type 2 diabetes. Offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet had decreased insulin levels and fewer β cells, leading to defective insulin secretion by adulthood.
Researchers found that rapamycin at a concentration of 1.53 nmol/L significantly promoted Schwann cell migration, whileFK506 had limited efficacy due to its nephrotoxicity and hypertension risks. Rapamycin also upregulated growth-associated protein 43 expression in Schwann cells.
Researchers identify RET M918T mutation in SCLC tumors, which drives increased ERK signaling and MYC expression. The mutation makes cells sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors ponatinib and vandetanib.