Articles tagged with Protein Expression
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Protein Structure Initiative-Materials Repository will receive a $6.5 million grant to collect, annotate, store, and distribute plasmids for protein expression and study. This will facilitate the understanding of protein functions in human health and disease.
A team of researchers has identified a way to accelerate the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves in mice, enabling full muscle function recovery. Clinical data suggests that strategies increasing nerve growth rate may enhance functional recovery in patients after peripheral nerve damage.
Researchers have discovered a method to visualize gene number and protein expression in individual cells, potentially leading to clearer understandings of cancer and complex diseases. The fluorescent in situ gene protein assay combines FISH and in situ proximity ligation to resolve individual protein molecules.
Researchers have identified a critical link between p63 and Satb1 genes in regulating skin development. The study found that Satb1 plays an essential role in chromatin remodeling, which is necessary for gene expression and cell differentiation.
A study led by the University of South Florida found that decreasing expression of protein FKBP51 in old mice made them resistant to depressive-like behavior, improving their hormonal response to stress. The lack of this protein did not adversely affect their memory or basic motor functions.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College developed an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein called Spinach to track the mysterious workings of various forms of cellular RNA. This technology will help unlock secrets of RNA's diverse roles in human biology and disease.
A study published in The Lancet reveals that targeted antisense therapy AVI-4658 can restore expression of a key protein lacking in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The treatment showed significant dose response, allowing boys to produce functional dystrophin protein up to 18% of normal levels.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have identified a protein called phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) that is crucial for the growth of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. PHGDH is overexpressed in approximately 70% of ER-negative breast cancer patients, making it a promising target for drug development.
Johns Hopkins researchers have identified a natural mechanism to block the expression of the mutated gene causing HD, potentially slowing its progression. By manipulating a newly found 'brake' gene, they aim to stop or slow production of the toxic huntingtin protein.
Research by UMass Chan Medical School shows that the human retina protein CRY2 can function as a light-sensitive magnetic sensor in Drosophila. This finding may pave the way for further investigation into human magnetoreception and its potential applications.
Researchers discovered large amounts of brown fat in adults and found it can be grown in labs, burning substantial calories. The discovery suggests brown fat could be used to treat obesity and diabetes, but cannot replace traditional approaches.
Researchers identified PKC-delta as a critical regulator of cisplatin-mediated kidney toxicity, and inhibiting it protected the kidneys without blocking chemotherapy efficacy in mouse models. Additionally, studies divided breast cancers into subtypes to identify effective therapies for triple-negative breast cancer patients.
Researchers at TGen found that PVT1 expression levels increased up to 5-fold in response to hyperglycemia, leading to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in glomeruli. Knocking down PVT1 reduced ECM protein levels, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism for diabetic nephropathy.
A new study in fruit flies explores the potent effects of methamphetamine on the body, identifying molecular pathways and energy metabolism changes associated with the drug. The research found that sugar metabolism plays a role in reducing toxicity, while disruptions to calcium and iron balance may contribute to dysfunction.
Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center have found a direct correlation between the expression of a key tumor suppressor protein and premature aging in mice. The study suggests that blocking cell proliferation induced by the p16 protein leads to features of premature aging, not just molecular damage.
A low-dose insulin treatment has been found to suppress the expression of four precursor proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Insulin also showed anti-inflammatory effects on peripheral mononuclear cells, which may lead to a new therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
A new mouse model has been developed to study pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), a common pediatric brain tumor. The model uses expression of a mutant BRAF kinase domain in mice and shows that this is sufficient to induce the formation of PA, closely resembling human disease.
Researchers found that chronic stimulation of AgRP neurons induces weight gain by increasing food intake, while inhibition inhibits food intake. Stimulating AgRP neurons also triggers intense food seeking behavior.
Scientists identified two distinct repressor proteins that use different molecular mechanisms to halt gene expression during development. This study may hold the key to explaining how diseases like cancer and diabetes are caused by genes unable to shift gears properly. By understanding these mechanisms, researchers can begin to see how...
A study found that protein Hunk plays a key role in the formation of HER2-driven tumors, suggesting it as a potential target for treatment. Inhibiting Hunk may provide a new approach to treating HER2-positive breast cancer.
Scientists at Virginia Tech have identified a critical step in juvenile hormone signaling, which could lead to more targeted mosquito controls. The discovery of a protein partner for the juvenile hormone receptor has significant implications for understanding insect development and reproductive maturation.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati found a potential genetic target, miR765, which can down-regulate protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor-1 and reduce cardiac muscle contractility. This micro-RNA may play a role in heart disease development by decreasing or deactivating proteins that help the heart function at full capacity.
A study by Roman Perez-Fernandez and colleagues found that high levels of Pit-1 expression in breast tumors with lymph node involvement are associated with tumor spread to distant sites. This discovery may help predict patient outcomes for those with lymph node-positive breast cancer.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have identified a potential molecular mechanism to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, the precursor to heart failure. The study reveals that inhibiting histone deacetylase 5 and activating the PKA enzyme can stop unwanted enlargement of the heart.
Researchers have successfully produced native-like spider silk in a metabolically engineered bacterium, opening up new avenues for sustainable materials and biomedical applications. The artificial fiber exhibits comparable mechanical properties to native spider silk, with high strength, extensibility, and stiffness.
A recent study by UNC researchers provides evidence that a specific gene, MAGE-11, interacts with proteins to promote androgen receptor activity in advanced prostate cancer cells. This finding opens the door to additional targets for new therapies and broader clinical applications of new drugs.
Researchers have identified hydrophobic proteins as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection. The study used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to analyze protein profiles from colorectal cancer tissues, revealing differentially expressed proteins related to tumor stages, grades, and patient gender.
A study found that the presence of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may indicate higher disease activity and create a barrier to DMARDs. BCRP was detected in 41% of RA patient samples, suggesting it could be a predictive marker for treatment resistance.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine discovered a new anti-inflammatory adipokine, Sfrp5, that modulates metabolic dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study found that Sfrp5 administration improved metabolic function and reduced inflammation in obese and diabetic mice.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a group of proteins that regulate the life span of laboratory roundworms. By inhibiting one protein, Ash-2, they found that it extends the worm's life span by up to 30%. The study suggests an intriguing link between longevity and fertility, highlighting the importanc...
A team of scientists found an intermediate state during the formation of fat cells, induced by hormones related to cortisol. This transition state could be targeted for new therapies to combat obesity and metabolic disorders.
Recent discoveries may help curb anti-apoptotic proteins that tumors express to resist treatment. Researchers outline how six anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family are expressed differently in different cancers.
Research reveals that nuclear matrix proteins are differentially expressed during HMBA-induced differentiation of gastric cancer cells. Eight proteins were down-regulated while seven were up-regulated, with prohibitin, nucleophosmin, and hnRNP A2/B1 being significantly decreased in treated human gastric cancer cells.
Researchers have identified a unique set of proteins in glaucomatous eyes that may help diagnose and treat the condition. The protein profile is linked to changes in the trabecular meshwork, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers developed a two-step screening strategy to identify small molecules that bind to TrkB but not other related proteins. These compounds have shown promising therapeutic potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions by activating TrkB signaling and preventing neuronal degeneration.
Researchers will investigate protein expression in synapses to understand long-term and plastic memories, potentially revealing insights into post-traumatic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The €1.6 million grant will support international collaboration between Israeli and German institutions.
Researchers found that gene therapy to express a constitutively active form of protein I-1c in heart muscle cells improved contractile function in young mice, but led to abnormal heartbeats and sudden death under stress. Older mice developed characteristic features of heart failure after treatment.
Scientists have discovered that plant viruses can be harnessed to carry genetic information into plant cells, which could lead to the development of crops with desirable traits. By stabilizing viral vector genes, researchers hope to improve crop yields and resistance.
Researchers at USC School of Dentistry have successfully reversed a cleft palate in fetal mice by regulating signaling molecules. The study's findings suggest that close monitoring and regulation of the protein Shh during palate formation may one day allow for non-surgical reversal before birth.
The study found that S100A2 protein expression was reduced while p63 protein expression was increased, indicating their involvement in EC carcinogenesis. Combined expression of S100A2 and p63 may aid in early diagnosis and prognostication of ESCC.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism underlying sex-specific gene expression in mice, with PPAR-alpha repressing genes involved in immunity and steroid production. The study also found that this repression is mediated by sumoylation, a process only occurring in female mice, and suggests potential new approaches to prevent estrog...
Researchers discovered that PPAR-alpha's sumoylation process regulates gender-specific gene expression and protects female mice from estrogen-induced liver disease. This finding suggests potential new approaches to prevent this condition by targeting PPAR-alpha agonists.
A protein specialist opens genomic door for DNA repair and gene expression while also protecting chromosome tips. Depletion of Gcn5 leads to decreased activity by another protein that protects yet a third protein from destruction.
Researchers have isolated a unique protein that affects both gene expression and protein transport, which may lead to new medicine treatments. The findings could provide insights into various biological processes, including cell movement and neural networking.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have identified an immune mechanism responsible for graft failure in a mouse model of IUHCT. Maternal alloantibodies, produced in response to IUHCT, trigger a postnatal immune response that limits engraftment following in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation. This finding opens the...
A new study reveals that Sirt3 helps protect the mouse heart by blocking cardiac hypertrophic response through Foxo3a-dependent antioxidant defense mechanisms. Mice lacking Sirt3 developed enlarged hearts, while those overexpressing Sirt3 were protected from cardiac hypertrophy under similar conditions.
Researchers have identified a potential tumor suppressor gene, CST5, that mediates the anticancer effects of vitamin D3 in human colon cancer cells. The study found that cystatin D protein inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells and was induced by vitamin D3, suggesting its role as a candidate tumor suppressor gene.
Researchers found that Period 1 regulates expression of alpha-ENaC in mouse kidney, leading to decreased sodium loss in urine. The study suggests a link between the circadian rhythm and salt balance, with implications for blood pressure control.
Researchers at VBI developed a new one-step bioanalytical approach to profile protein changes in breast cancer cells treated with hormones or cancer drugs. The method identified 16 differentially expressed proteins, linking them to cancer-related biological processes.
Researchers identified a protein capable of degrading a key leukemia treatment, L-asparaginase, in some patients. Expression of this protein is more common in high-risk forms of the disease and can lead to reduced treatment effectiveness.
Researchers found a protein, βarrestin2, that suppresses androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells, potentially halting disease progression. Increased levels of βarrestin2 may lead to improved staging and treatment of testosterone-fueled prostate cancer.
Researchers identified CEACAM6 as a key factor blocking the effectiveness of adenovirus-based therapies in treating cancer. Knocking down CEACAM6 expression increased anticancer effects in mice with human tumor cells.
Research found that tea polyphenols suppress the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play a key role in metabolizing drugs. This suppression leads to reduced liver damage caused by paracetamol overdose. The study provides new insights into the metabolism of tea polyphenols and their potential as hepatoprotective agents.
Researchers at Northwestern University identified a key molecular relationship between SIRT1 and heat shock factor 1 that helps protect cells from damage. By activating this pathway, it may be possible to manipulate lifespan and treat age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Research suggests mice without AT1A protein have a significantly prolonged lifespan. This is attributed to reduced cellular oxidation, contributing to aging. Additionally, studies investigate the role of MT1-MMP in regulating hematopoietic progenitor cells' release from bone marrow.
The Krumlauf Lab has discovered that protein coding regions can modulate gene expression in the developing brain. This finding has important implications for understanding the regulation of brain development and designing tests for large-scale analyses of gene regulation.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered that increasing selenium levels in human blood cells can reduce the multiplication of the AIDS virus. By targeting a specific protein called Tat, selenium can slow down viral replication, with results showing a 10-fold decrease.
A new study reveals that TIM-3 protein inactivates virus-killing T cells in HIV-infected patients, leading to their exhaustion. Blocking this protein may one day help patients eliminate HIV and other chronic infections.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology has identified twenty-three differentially expressed proteins between gastric cancer and normal tissues, serving as potential candidate markers. These biomarkers may aid in early diagnosis, treatment targets, and patient prognosis.
Researchers have visualized the structure of a protein called Microbacterium hydantoin permease, which helps bacteria take up specific molecules from their surroundings. The study reveals how the protein opens and closes to allow molecules across the membrane, with implications for understanding human cell function.