Articles tagged with Protein Synthesis
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Research reveals how fragile X protein, FMRP, hooks up with microRNAs to switch the production of other proteins on and off. This process is crucial for learning and memory, as neurons need to make new proteins at specific synapses.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified over 11,000 protein interaction networks that control gene regulation in human cells. These networks, which consist of thousands of multi-protein complexes, play a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes and producing proteins.
A group of mitochondrial proteins, known as MTC proteins, has been identified by researchers at the University of Gothenburg as playing a crucial role in regulating the aging process. The study found that these proteins help to stabilize the genome and remove damaged proteins, leading to increased lifespan.
Researchers have identified seminal fluid proteins that could affect the behavior and physiology of female mosquitoes, potentially leading to new control strategies. The study's findings may provide a foundation for innovative approaches to regulating mosquito reproduction, feeding, and mating behavior.
Researchers describe the mechanism of blockade and reactivation in molecular detail, revealing TFIIS's role in facilitating mRNA excision. This process is essential for cell survival and regulates gene activity in stem and tumor cells.
The study completes the film frame of transporters' conformations, enabling understanding of diseases like cistinuria and design of drugs targeting cancer cells. New knowledge will help design inhibitors to affect amino acid uptake by cancer cells.
Researchers found that inhibiting protein synthesis affects memory consolidation, but not reconsolidation. This discovery highlights the challenges in understanding and addressing memory-related disorders like PTSD.
Researchers used the Encanto supercomputer to create molecular snapshots of the ribosomal subunits during protein synthesis. The study showed that head swivel motion plays a crucial role in facilitating translocation via intra-subunit tRNA hybrid sites, and a dynamic catalyst acts as a pawl in the ribosomal machinery.
Scientists at IRB Barcelona have identified a new protein crucial for mitochondrial function in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The removal of this protein leads to aberrant mitochondria and metabolic capacity loss, causing death.
Researchers discovered the SRD5A3 gene mutation responsible for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), which affects eye and brain development in infants. A daily dietary supplement containing dolichol, a lipid carrier, may treat the condition, which has no current treatment.
Research at the University of Texas Medical Branch found that elderly people's muscles don't respond to insulin by expanding their blood vessels like younger people do. This response is necessary for muscle protein synthesis and growth, with implications for improving strength and health in older adults.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may reduce muscle atrophy in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NMES improved quadriceps and calf muscle mass, increasing the anabolism to catabolism ratio in muscle proteins.
Researchers at UTMB found that restricting blood flow during low-intensity resistance exercise increases protein synthesis and stimulates muscle growth in older men. The study offers hope for patients who need to regain muscle mass after surgery or due to conditions like arthritis.
Researchers uncover pathway critical for embryological development in zebra fish, revealing parallel mechanism driving vertebrate brain wiring. The fragile-X protein complex interacts with PAK1, a key player in synapse development.
A new gene, KCNN3, has been identified as a significant contributor to the risk of atrial fibrillation. This gene regulates potassium channels in the heart, which can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
UCSB scientists have made a major discovery in how the brain encodes memories. They found that strengthening synapses, which cement memories into place, involves making new proteins. The production of these proteins is regulated by RNA and microRNA, and degradation of silencing molecules allows for protein synthesis.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have developed a new tool to induce controlled mutations in human cells, allowing them to study rescue signalling pathways and cell suicide. The tool helps understand the cellular response to accumulated errors in proteins, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers solved a 10-year-old mystery of how a single protein can have two distinct roles, providing insight into potential therapeutic for cancer and eye diseases. The protein, human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS), has a functional switch that enables it to perform different functions.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have found that PatA inhibits nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a mechanism that degrades damaged mRNA. This inhibition may lead to cancer cell apoptosis. The study also reveals the potential of a simplified derivative of PatA, DMDAPatA, as an anti-cancer agent.
A clinical trial has begun testing a novel compound, STX107, that selectively targets the synaptic defect underlying Fragile X syndrome. The study aims to evaluate safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers, with potential progression to phase 2 trials in adults and pediatric safety assessments.
A recent study found that consuming moderate amounts of protein per meal, around 30 grams, is most effective for building muscle. Eating larger portions does not necessarily lead to greater muscle synthesis. Shifting extra protein from dinner to lunch and breakfast may help optimize daily intake and reduce muscle loss in the elderly.
Researchers are investigating the impact of low-level inflammation on skeletal muscle in obese individuals. They aim to determine how obesity affects muscle synthesis and breakdown, and whether an insulin-sensitising drug can reverse these effects.
Researchers used a NASA centrifuge to simulate artificial gravity and found that just one hour a day was enough to maintain thigh muscle protein synthesis. The study suggests that this could be a potential countermeasure for preventing muscle loss in space, with implications for human health on Earth as well.
A study by Ueli Schibler's team reveals that a specific microRNA called miR-122 plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of circadian genes in liver cells. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the internal clock and its potential connection to hepatitis C virus replication.
Research led by Lynne Kammer found that whole grain cereal plus milk is comparable to sports drinks in replenishing glycogen after exercise. The study suggests that a quick bowl of cereal with skimmed milk can be a cost-effective recovery option for those refueling at home.
Researchers at Yale and the University of Tokyo demonstrated how pyrrolysine (Pyl), a rare amino acid, was incorporated into proteins. This discovery opens the door to engineering the genetic code and understanding the functions of modifications found in human diseases.
A repressive protein can promote plasticity in sensory neurons by activating translation in response to environmental stimuli. This process allows animals to adapt to persistent odors and reset their sensitivity.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that odors boost synthesis of a protein by acting on RNA in sensory neurons, altering gene expression. This finding has implications for understanding memory formation and higher-order learning in humans.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered a more effective treatment for secondary pneumonia following influenza, using antibiotics like clindamycin and azithromycin. These treatments inhibit protein synthesis, reducing inflammation and improving survival rates in mice infected with both conditions.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that the ribosome recognizes and corrects errors during protein synthesis. The discovery reveals a critical 'proofreading step' in protein production, showcasing the cell's strict adherence to high-fidelity synthesis.
Researchers at the Biodesign Institute, led by Hao Yan and Yan Liu, have successfully created 3D DNA nanotubes using gold nanoparticles, which can be used to form flexible and resilient structures. These nanostructures have potential applications in photometry, photovoltaics, touch screens, flexible displays, and biomedical advancements.
Researchers have discovered how a macromolecular machine unwinds DNA within cells, allowing genetic information to be read and used to direct protein synthesis. The structure of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex provides important insights into this critical process.
Researchers at TU Munich and ETH Zurich develop a new method to synthesize anchored proteins, enabling in-depth studies of prions and their influence on conversion to pathogenic forms. The team successfully produces a synthetic GPI-anchored protein, which attaches to cell membranes, helping to track down the infectious form of the prion.
A new study reveals that transfer RNA's (tRNA) dual functions of reading the genetic blueprint and adding amino acids to proteins evolved independently. The findings suggest that these functions were acquired at different points in time, with protein synthesis preceding the refinement of the genetic code.
A recent animal study found that inadequate sleep in elderly mice exacerbated cellular aging, leading to increased misfolded proteins and cell death. The unfolded protein response was impaired in old mice, failing to properly handle protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Researchers have discovered a complex process in the brain that regulates synaptic connections during learning and memory, involving a specific presynaptic protein regulated by postsynaptic calcium. This understanding may lead to interventions for human brain disorders and age-related memory loss.
A team of LA BioMed researchers developed a new, more reliable method for measuring protein synthesis and turnover using deuterated water and mass spectrometry. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the dynamics of every protein in the human body accurately for the first time.
A novel molecular switch controls protein synthesis to promote tumor growth and survival in locally advanced breast cancer. The switch is regulated by two factors, 4E-BP1 and eIF4G, which are strongly over-expressed in human large advanced breast tumors.
A study found that high blood levels of C-reactive protein, a substance linked to inflammation, are associated with an increased risk for age-related macular degeneration. The research suggests that reducing C-reactive protein levels may potentially decrease the risk of AMD.
Researchers found that mice with a disrupted enzyme involved in protein metabolism became slimmer despite eating more food, showing improved glucose and insulin tolerance. The study suggests a new potential weight-loss therapy by manipulating protein turnover through pharmacological means.
Researchers challenge long-held assumption that new protein synthesis is necessary for recording memories in long-term storage. Brain chemistry changes caused by protein synthesis inhibitors can disrupt memory formation instead.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that miRNAs regulate gene expression by associating with the Argonaute2 (Ago2) protein. This interaction inhibits protein production, highlighting a crucial role for Ago2 in the miRNA pathway.
Scientists at IGBMC have identified SHP protein as a major player in controlling testosterone synthesis and differentiation of germ cells in mouse testes. Mice without SHP protein reproduced earlier than controls, suggesting its role in regulating sexual maturity.
A team of researchers has designed a biochip platform using a novel 'daisy' molecule that enables efficient gene expression and protein production without living cells. The system allows for the patterning of genes on silicon surfaces, enabling selective trapping of specific proteins with high spatial resolution.
Scientists at Oxford University have identified a surprising way to switch off a gene involved in cell division using a previously unknown type of RNA. This discovery could lead to new anti-cancer treatments by inhibiting the production of an enzyme that controls thymine production.
Researchers discovered that imatinib mesylate inhibits the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and prevents tissue fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. The study provides promising results for a new treatment approach, but more extensive studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.
Using multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, researchers have watched chromosomes change their form to activate genes in living fruit fly cells. This discovery could significantly advance our understanding of the basic processes underlying gene expression.
Stanford engineer James Swartz has made significant advances in cell-free protein synthesis, including the production of nanoscale viral spheres that can act as delivery trucks for new vaccines. These engineered capsids have the potential to provide safer and more effective vaccinations by targeting specific immune-system cells.
Researchers have identified over 1400 proteins in liver cells of mice, mapping their locations in ten different compartments. The study's findings show that around 40% of these proteins also appear in other cell organs, suggesting a high degree of conservation across species.
Researchers have found that mispaired nucleotides, also known as wobble pairs, increase transfer RNA's ability to build proteins. This increased reactivity enhances protein production and promotes the movement of DNA and RNA molecules.
Researchers found a biochemical pathway, called RISC, that facilitates protein synthesis at synapses during learning, enabling long-term memory formation. By manipulating this pathway, scientists increased flies' memory and altered their behavioral responses to stimuli.
A study led by Jennifer Doudna and Eva Nogales used cryo-EM to create a 3D model of the eIF3 protein complex, showing its structural mechanics in loading human or viral RNA onto ribosomes. This understanding could lead to new therapies for viral infections.
Research found that adding leucine to the diet restored a balanced metabolism in old rats, which had excessive protein breakdown. The study suggests that age-related muscle loss results from defective inhibition of proteasome machinery, and leucine supplementation can fully restore correct function.
Researchers found that riboorganisms, which use RNA for genetic information and metabolic reactions, can have a much bigger genome than previously believed. This discovery greatly relaxes the conditions necessary for the first living organisms to develop, allowing them to contain more than 100 genes.
Researchers found that the SXL protein blocks the synthesis of MSL-2 proteins in females by acting on two separate steps. This discovery reveals an entirely new mechanism for controlling protein dosages at the level of RNA, which could have implications for understanding diseases and animal development.
Researchers have solved the mystery of the Shoenheimer effect, a 72-year-old cholesterol feedback mechanism. The study reveals that Insig proteins are essential components of this response and play a crucial role in regulating cholesterol synthesis.
A study found high concentrations of arsenic in a sample of the King's hair, suggesting exposure to heavy metals may have exacerbated his porphyria attacks. The researchers believe antimonial medications containing arsenic were the probable source of the toxin.
Researchers have developed a new method that uses so-called 'caged compounds' to control protein synthesis, which can be activated by light. This technique could lead to more intricate studies of biological processes, such as protein synthesis in nerve synapses.
Research reveals that chronic alcohol consumption impairs the heart's protein synthesis ability in males but not females. The study found altered phosphorylation of a particular protein factor involved in protein synthesis was affected in males following prolonged ethanol consumption.
Researchers found that inhibiting SCD1 decreased body fat and prevented obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice. Blocking SCD1 also increased expression of genes involved in energy expenditure, providing insights into its role in metabolism.