Articles tagged with Protein Synthesis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Protein aggregates are toxic and contribute to nerve cell death in diseases like Alzheimer's and Huntington's. The study reveals missing stop signals lead to long lysine chains blocking ribosomes, allowing defective proteins to accumulate and form toxic aggregates.
A team from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has discovered that the enzyme Dicer promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating endothelial cells. Inhibition of Dicer using a specific microRNA reduces inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
A cell-free protein synthesis system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses microfabricated bioreactors to produce therapeutic proteins for medicines and biopharmaceuticals. This technology simplifies the process, lowers cost, and enables point-of-care use.
Schizophrenia impacts brain protein synthesis rates, affecting cellular machinery and function in adult stem cells. The study's findings enhance understanding of the disorder and provide new approaches for future drug therapies.
By extending the oil synthesis phase and suppressing protein synthesis, researchers increased seed oil content by up to 140% and 170%, respectively. This breakthrough reveals that the length of oil synthesis is a primary factor in determining final oil content.
A new UT study found that inadequate sleep can disrupt protein synthesis, a fundamental cellular process involved in physical growth and brain activity. The circadian clock regulates this process, and misaligning behavior with it can have negative consequences.
A new study has found that protein aggregates formed after heat exposure are fully reversible and resume normal cellular functions after returning to normal temperatures. The research sheds light on the biological nature of protein aggregates, which were previously considered toxic dead-end products.
Researchers have discovered a key driver of kidney growth in response to losing a single organ, highlighting the importance of protein synthesis and mTORC1 activation. By understanding this mechanism, they hope to develop new strategies for preserving kidney function in patients with a single functioning kidney.
A study published in Genome Biology reveals that within 20 minutes of ischemia, significant changes occur in protein synthesis, primarily involving mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. The findings suggest an early system of regulation, including the increase in UBE2S protein, which may directly affect the HIF signaling pathway.
Scientists have identified a new chaperone protein, Acl4, that helps assemble ribosomal protein L4 into a developing ribosome. This discovery provides insights into the stepwise process of ribosome assembly and has potential applications in antifungal agents and disease research.
Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanisms behind brachiopod shell formation, revealing evolutionary conserved genetic programs among invertebrates. The study identifies unique proteins and structural resemblances to other animal phyla, providing new insights into the evolution of biomineralization.
Researchers at McGill and Concordia universities have discovered a mechanism that explains how light regulates protein synthesis in the brain, affecting the function of the circadian clock. The study found that phosphorylation of key proteins plays a pivotal role in resetting the body's internal clock.
Researchers measured the unseen toll of environmental stress on living creatures, finding they can increase metabolic energy by over 200% without showing signs. The study uses a sea urchin model organism to demonstrate how organisms cope with climate change by reallocating their 'metabolic budget'.
The common squid has 60% of its RNA transcripts edited, creating vast protein diversity and potential role in brain physiology
Researchers have discovered that Alu RNAs form complexes with specific proteins, regulating ribosome activity and contributing to cell immunity. This process helps cells adapt to stress and defend against viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified a crucial pathway that shields cells against death caused by environmental stress. The study found that Rheb inhibits protein synthesis by amplifying the phosphorylation of eIF2α, conserving cell resources during challenging conditions.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a light microscopy method to image protein synthesis and degradation in living tissues and animals. The technique, coupling stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy with metabolic labeling of deuterated amino acids, allows non-invasive visualization of protein metabolism.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathway of CoQ10, a molecule essential for cellular metabolism. The study, led by Dr. David J. Pagliarini, reveals that protein CoQ9 regulates enzyme Coq7, and that CoQ10 synthesis is organized as a multiprotein complex to increase efficiency and regulation.
Researchers design a network-like cell system that reproduces dynamic behavior of protein synthesis, allowing for control over genetic content and protein production. The system enables the study of gene network design and emerging protein dynamics, potentially paving the way for controlling protein synthesis for various applications.
Researchers at Université Laval developed a new method to alleviate chronic pain by rekindling pain and then erasing it. By injecting capsaicin and administering a protein synthesis inhibitor, they induced temporary pain hypersensitivity, which was subsequently reversed.
Case Western Reserve researchers discovered thousands of novel long non-coding RNA transcripts that can direct protein synthesis in cells. This breakthrough challenges conventional wisdom on lncRNA's role and holds promise for treating cancer and genetic disorders.
A study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that consuming protein at each meal can promote optimal muscle growth and maintenance. Researchers discovered that evenly distributing protein throughout the day is crucial for maximizing muscle synthesis rates, whereas a skewed distribution pattern may lead to suboptimal results.
Researchers at MIPT found that combined mutations of two genes in Drosophila flies result in synergistic effects on phenotypic expression, leading to defects in leg formation, memory impairment, and reduced resistance to superoxide radicals. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of morphogenesis and detoxification.
Scientists have successfully studied protein synthesis in adult stem cells, finding that precise protein production is essential to their function. The discovery opens up new avenues of cellular biology and may lead to a better understanding of diseases associated with protein synthesis mutations.
Researchers at SISSA have developed a mathematical model of protein synthesis, revealing that the process is more stochastic than previously thought. This new understanding sheds light on the random component influencing protein translation times, which can affect the efficiency of the process.
The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) has awarded approximately $15.5 million in grants to 42 young researchers from across the US, fostering basic research and early career development. The recipients will conduct projects in areas including dynamical systems, quantum processes, and complex materials.
Researchers have discovered that neuronal RNA granules are highly heterogeneous and dynamic in their composition, containing proteins that repress protein synthesis. This uncoupling of mRNA transport from protein production is essential for learning and memory, and has implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists at UNIST have identified a common mechanism in Fragile X and Down syndrome that regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic efficacy. This discovery provides an important stepping stone in understanding the multiple roles of DSCR1 in neurons and identifying potential therapeutic targets for intellectual disabilities.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new technique to visualize protein synthesis in live cells, enabling the study of complex biological processes such as long-term memory and disease mechanisms. The method harnesses deuterium-labeled amino acids to track newly synthesized proteins, providing unprecedented insights into...
A new study has identified a fundamental biological process controlling the body's circadian clock, which could lead to breakthroughs in treating circadian clock-related disorders. The research found that removing a repressor protein improved brain clock function, enabling mice to adapt to time zone changes faster.
Researchers found that HMM-HA prevents overcrowding and tumor formation in naked mole rat cells. The protein's unique amino acid changes may be responsible for its cancer-fighting properties.
Monitoring nutrient intake is crucial for vegetarian athletes to stay competitive. They must find ways to reach the acceptable macronutrient distribution by consuming a variety of plant-based foods daily.
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified the ribosome as a key player in prion diseases, such as mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The discovery suggests that antiprion medicines targeting the ribosome's protein folding activity may be effective in treating these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at UB's Hunter James Kelly Research Institute have found that reducing a protein called Gadd34 can improve nerve and muscle function in patients with CMT neuropathies. By leaving protein synthesis partially off, they were able to restore myelination, potentially leading to new treatments for other misfolded protein diseases.
A soy-dairy protein blend has been shown to extend the anabolic window and promote muscle growth by stimulating muscle protein synthesis. The study found that consumption of the blend after exercise prolonged amino acid delivery to muscles and extended muscle cell growth signaling.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have solved the high-resolution structure of halofuginone, a compound derived from Chang Shan, shedding light on its biological process. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs targeting aminoacylation, a crucial step in protein synthesis.
A study published in Nature reveals that normalizing excessive protein synthesis in the brain can partially remedy autistic-like behaviors in laboratory mice. The researchers found that reducing protein production reversed behaviors such as repetitive actions and improved social interaction.
Mayo Clinic researchers have identified a toxic cellular process by which a protein deficiency leads to dementia. The study found that elevated levels of defective sortilin mRNA disrupts mRNA splicing, resulting in the generation of a defective protein that deprives neurons of progranulin's protective effects.
Researchers successfully repair and read-through stop mutations responsible for Usher syndrome, offering hope for patients with the disease. The team developed gene-based treatment strategies using zinc-finger nuclease technique and aminoglycosides, which show promise in preclinical studies.
A study in mice found that abnormally high synthesis of neuroligins results in symptoms similar to those diagnosed in ASD. The researchers also discovered that compounds inhibiting protein synthesis or targeting neuroligins can rectify autism-like behaviors in adult mice.
Researchers discovered a molecule called sncRNA715 that suppresses myelin basic protein synthesis, crucial for myelin formation. This finding may help explain myelination failures in neurological illnesses like multiple sclerosis.
Researchers found that TFIIB halts general transcription when DNA damage occurs, enabling cells to prioritize repair and support p53's tumor-suppressing functions. This process allows p53 to bypass the need for TFIIB phosphorylation, activating its target genes vital for DNA damage response.
A study published in Nature has shown that non-coding antisense RNA can stimulate protein production by acting as a 'lock' for coding RNA, enabling the action of a stimulatory sequence to promote protein synthesis.
Researchers have discovered a novel function of non-coding antisense RNA, which enhances the translation of protein coding mRNAs by increasing association with ribosomes. This finding has significant implications for therapeutic applications and challenges current understanding of non-coding RNAs.
Researchers have discovered that genes 'burst' on and off at precise frequencies, regulating protein synthesis. This finding has implications for understanding cancer, drug resistance, and other diseases.
A UC San Diego study has identified a human gene called Human Schlafen 11 that produces a protein blocking the replication of HIV in infected cells. The research may lead to diagnostic tests and therapeutic drugs to prevent AIDS progression.
Researchers at NYU have devised a method to reduce afflictions associated with Fragile X syndrome in laboratory mice by targeting the protein synthesis process. The study found improvements in physical attributes and behaviors in FXS mice lacking S6K1, but not uniform reductions in repetitive behaviors.
Researchers found that eliminating an enzyme called jnk3 leads to a 90% reduction in amyloid beta peptides, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. This finding suggests jk3 could be a new target for Alzheimer's intervention.
Molecular biologists at the University of Texas at Austin have discovered that DEAD-box proteins, ancient enzymes found in all forms of life, function as recycling 'nanopistons' to unwind RNA. This mechanism has implications for treating cancer and viruses in humans.
Researchers identified PERK as a crucial protein for maintaining behavioral flexibility, allowing us to adjust behaviors in response to changing circumstances. The study's findings have implications for addressing neurological disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers discovered a large number of unique mRNAs in dendrites and axons, which may be involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. The findings suggest that local protein synthesis plays a crucial role in maintaining and modifying the synaptic protein population.
A new study found that consuming a blend of proteins (soy, whey and casein) post-workout can increase muscle protein synthesis and provide an extended release of amino acids. This combination appears to offer the optimal delivery of essential amino acids for up to five hours.
Researchers found that proteins and RNA molecules evolved together, contradicting the long-held 'RNA World' hypothesis. The study suggests that proteins were present before ribosomal RNAs were recruited to aid in protein synthesis.
Researchers at Hebrew University and University of Vienna reveal stress-induced protein synthesis machinery that induces bacterial cell death in E. coli. This discovery may lead to the design of improved, novel antibiotics effective against pathogenic bacteria.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that OPHN1 plays a crucial role in mediating long-term depression at synapses, a phenomenon linked to cognitive disorders. The study reveals that OPHN1 interacts with EndophilinA2/3 to remove AMPA receptors, leading to persistent removal of receptors and onset of LTD.
A new study published in the FASEB Journal found that rats fed homobrassinolide produced an anabolic effect, increasing lean body mass, muscle mass, and physical performance. The research also suggests potential applications for brassinosteroids in treating muscle wasting conditions.
Scientists have identified a protein that controls the development of varicose veins, offering new hope for prevention and treatment. By inhibiting this protein, researchers were able to stall the progression of varicose veins and reduce the need for surgery, potentially improving quality of life for those affected.
Researchers have identified a modification on EF-P protein that boosts bacterial strength and contributes to Salmonella's virulence. The discovery opens doors for new treatments against this foodborne pathogen, which causes severe illnesses and fatalities.
Researchers investigated the muscle-building effect of protein beverages on athletes. Consuming high-quality protein drinks immediately after exercise increased muscle protein synthesis by 33% compared to periodic smaller doses. The essential amino acid leucine plays a crucial role in stimulating muscle growth during recovery.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism in regulating human genes by enabling pre-mRNA splicing. The U2AF protein plays a crucial role in this process, which involves the cooperation of different proteins to remove introns and form mature mRNA. This process is essential for genetic information flow from DNA to RNA to proteins.