Articles tagged with Sugars
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Penn researchers have developed a novel model of artificial membranes with programmable surfaces, allowing for precise control over glycan structures. This breakthrough enables the study of membrane-sugar-protein interactions, which are crucial for understanding diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers analyzed metabolites in the blood of children undergoing heart surgery for congenital heart disease and found a link between certain molecules and clinical outcome. The presence of ketone bodies correlated with better outcomes, while other metabolites such as citrate, lactate, and alanine were associated with poorer outcomes.
Scientists at the University of British Columbia have created an enzyme that can alter the sugar structures in Type A and B blood, making it more compatible with Type O blood. The breakthrough could lead to a solution for blood transfusion shortages, as the universal donor Type O blood can be given to patients of all blood types.
A clinical trial by Joslin Diabetes Center found that adjustable gastric band surgery and intensive group-based medical diabetes and weight management program achieved similar improvements in controlling blood sugar levels after one year. Participants experienced significant weight loss and better quality of life with both approaches.
A recent study found that sugary drinks increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young, healthy adults. The research demonstrated a direct correlation between the amount of added sugar consumed and increased risk factors, including high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.
Experts in British Journal of Sports Medicine say regular exercise is key to staving off serious disease, but calorie-laden diets generate more ill health than physical inactivity. The evidence suggests up to 40% of those within a normal weight range harbor harmful metabolic abnormalities.
Researchers at Penn State and USGS use a new stream-based monitoring system to detect high levels of methane in Sugar Run stream, consistent with what would be found in shale gas. The findings show that stream monitoring is an effective method for assessing the environmental impact of extracting natural gas using fracking.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that healthy middle-aged and older adults can reduce their risk of heart disease by adapting to current UK dietary guidelines. The trial revealed significant reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight.
Scientists have discovered a combination of fullerene derivatives and glucosamine that reduces cell damage and inflammation after a stroke. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for cerebrovascular accidents.
Tianbo Liu finds that molecules with electrical charge self-recognize left-handed and right-handed pairs to form large assemblies, simplifying the mystery of homochirality. This discovery emphasizes nature's simplicity in creating life.
A team of researchers used micro-CT scans to explore why making willow trees grow at an angle can vastly improve their biofuel yields. Tilted willows respond by producing a sugar-rich, gelatinous fibre that helps them stay upright.
A historical analysis of internal sugar industry documents shows the industry influenced research priorities for the NCP, excluding research that could have harmed their interests. The study highlights an alignment of agendas between the NIDR and sugar industry in the early 1970s.
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute used proteomics to analyze switchgrass, a promising fuel crop candidate, and identified 1,750 unique proteins. This study demonstrates the potential of proteomics in optimizing biofuel production from switchgrass.
A new study found that onion extract can strongly lower high blood glucose levels and total cholesterol in diabetic rats when given with the antidiabetic drug metformin. The extract also showed potential for use in treating patients with diabetes.
Researchers introduced new metabolic pathways into yeast to efficiently ferment xylose and hemicellulose from plant cell walls. This allows for biofuel production without harsh pre-treatments or expensive enzymes, overcoming existing bottlenecks in fermentation of lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Researchers have developed a new high-throughput system to rapidly screen yeasts for producing sustainable biofuels. The technique, in collaboration with the National Collection of Yeast Cultures, aims to find naturally better-performing yeast strains that can boost efficiency and reduce costs.
A new pretreatment process called Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) reduces the need for enzymes in biofuel production by up to 90%, cutting costs by 30% or more. This technology also extracts up to 90% of lignin from biomass, paving the way for additional high-value chemicals and fuels.
Researchers discovered that DPP-4 inhibitors stimulate insulin production and increase glucagon levels, providing protection against hypoglycaemia in mice. This finding could lead to new areas of application for existing diabetes drugs.
Researchers developed a model to predict who stands to gain most from diabetes-preventing drugs or lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss. The model identified seven key factors: fasting blood sugar, A1C level, triglycerides, family history of high blood sugar, waist measurement, height, and waist-to-hip ratio.
Researchers found that hydrogels saturated with thiamethoxam dissolved in sugar water reduced the Argentine ant population by 94% in two weeks. The use of hydrogel baits offers an inexpensive, easy-to-apply alternative to traditional pesticides, reducing environmental costs and selectively targeting invasive ants.
Researchers discovered how coral-dwelling microalgae harness nutrients from seawater and transport them to corals through a complex process. The findings provide new insights into the impact of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, highlighting the importance of this symbiotic relationship.
Researchers have discovered a neural circuit that controls compulsive sugar consumption in mice without affecting normal feeding behavior, providing a potential target for treating compulsive overeating. The study reveals a distinct subset of neurons responsible for mediating food-seeking behavior and responding to reward consumption.
Scientists found that oranges are packed with nutrients like carotenoids and flavonoids, which can help lower cancer risk and cardiovascular disease. However, juicing oranges may slightly lower nutrient levels but significantly improve their bioaccessibility.
Research at RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center reveals ENGase enzyme responsible for protein degradation in absence of NGLY1. Studies show that inhibition of ENGase activity may serve as therapeutic target for patients with NGLY1 mutation.
Researchers at NIST discover two environments for molecules in liquids and glasses, shedding light on molecular-level processes that affect protein stability. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for designing optimal sugar coatings to preserve proteins' structure intact.
Researchers at RIKEN found that preventing abnormal sugar attachment to BACE1 enzyme reduces Alzheimer's plaques and improves cognitive performance in mice. This study reveals a novel mechanism for Alzheimer's disease development and potentially offers a new therapeutic target.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that older diabetes patients often receive aggressive treatment despite questionable benefits. The study suggests a one-size-fits-all approach may be over-treating a substantial proportion of the population, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
A long-term follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes found that intensive treatment was associated with a modestly lower all-cause rate of death compared to conventional therapy. The study's findings suggest that intensive therapy may reduce mortality risk in type 1 diabetes patients.
Researchers at Salk Institute develop a new compound called fexaramine that effectively stops weight gain, lowers cholesterol and controls blood sugar levels in mice. The pill tricks the body into thinking it has consumed calories, causing it to burn fat without altering appetite.
Despite efforts to reformulate RTE GBDs, nutritional content remains unchanged, but overall consumer purchases have declined by 24%. The study highlights the need for public health officials and manufacturers to work together to shift consumer purchases towards healthier products.
A study found that caffeine's effects differ when consumed with or without sugar, causing varied physiological responses among individuals. The research measured heart rate and carbon dioxide production before and after consuming sugar, caffeine, or both.
A study found that high sugar diets in male fruit flies can cause obesity in their offspring through epigenetic changes affecting gene expression. Researchers also discovered a similar system regulating obesity susceptibility in mice and humans.
Research team led by Miguel Soares discovered that specific bacterial components in the human gut microbiota can trigger a natural defense mechanism against malaria. High levels of circulating anti-alpha-gal antibodies induced by vaccination are highly protective against malaria transmission.
A new review finds that genetic variation may prevent some individuals with type 2 diabetes from benefiting from supervised exercise regimens. The study suggests that targeted interventions and treatments could help those who do not respond to exercise, offering a potential new approach for managing the condition.
The new software analyzes the life-cycle of products and their carbon and water footprint, allowing producers to improve management and reduce environmental impact. The tool provides a web platform for companies to calculate 15 environmental indicators and link their results with improvement guidelines.
The new regulations, while improving some aspects of school meals, may not address the root issue of processed carbohydrates and added sugars. Researchers recommend expanding requirements to limit added sugars and processed foods to ensure carbohydrate quality.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers suggests that people who cook meals at home tend to eat healthier and consume fewer calories. Those who frequently cook at home also tend to rely less on frozen foods and fast food, even when eating out.
Researchers studied adolescents' brain connections, impulsivity, and sugar intake to understand the risk of alcohol use and abuse. The findings suggest that reduced executive cognitive functioning and impaired connectivity in key brain networks may contribute to risky behaviors.
Scientists at Carnegie Institution for Science have discovered crucial biochemical pathways in single-cell alga Chlamydomonas that allow it to generate energy from stored sugars without taking up oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of many aquatic and terrestrial organisms, but its mechanisms are poorly understood.
New research suggests that maple syrup production is linked to mast seeding events, where trees produce more seeds than usual. Following every mast seed year, syrup production declined in Vermont. The study's findings could help producers plan ahead for the upcoming season.
Scientists have found that ganglioside GD3 is crucial for maintaining neural stem cells in the brain. Removing GD3 from mice resulted in reduced stem cell populations and impaired function, highlighting its importance in brain health.
Researchers found that eating muffins made with polyunsaturated oils improved blood cholesterol profiles and reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, those who ate muffins with saturated oils experienced increased bad cholesterol levels and insulin resistance.
Adolescent rats fed sugar-sweetened beverages experienced memory problems and brain inflammation, becoming pre-diabetic. The study highlights the impact of dietary influences during critical periods of development on brain health.
Scientists have identified two enzymes responsible for the formation of terpenes, which contribute to a wine's bouquet. The study could lead to the development of new grape varieties with improved aromas.
New research published in the BMJ suggests that long-acting insulin is superior to intermediate-acting insulin for controlling blood sugar levels, preventing weight gain, and treating severe hypoglycemia. Long-acting insulin also showed improved cost-effectiveness compared to intermediate-acting insulin.
Researchers found that caterpillars of fall armyworm and two other Spodoptera species deploy a gut enzyme to attach a sugar to the toxic free DIMBOA, rendering it non-reactive to plant enzyme. This detoxification strategy explains the success of these pest insects in overcoming maize defenses.
Research from University College London suggests reducing sugar consumption to 3% of total energy intake can significantly reduce tooth decay. Experts recommend policy changes to address the issue, including taxing sugar-rich foods and drinks.
Researchers at Stanford University have unlocked the structure of SWEETs, proteins that enable sugar molecules to cross cell membranes. The discovery, made possible by X-ray analysis, could lead to breakthroughs in diabetes treatment and crop improvement.
Researchers have elucidated the atomic structures of sugar transporters, revealing an 'airlock-like' mechanism that moves sugars in multiple stages. This discovery is crucial for understanding diseases like diabetes and improving crop yields.
Scientists and policymakers debate ways to curb sugar consumption amid growing health concerns. Despite reduced sugar intake over the past 15 years, Americans still consume excessive amounts, leading to high blood pressure, heart disease, and other conditions.
Researchers have discovered that glycoconjugate scaffolds are active players in biological reactions, influencing the binding of lectins to these molecules. This finding opens up new possibilities for developing more effective and targeted pharmaceuticals.
A new online tool will help doctors predict which patients are most likely to develop diabetes based on age, sex, and blood sugar levels. The calculator will enable doctors to identify high-risk patients for testing and offer lifestyle advice.
Researchers have discovered a key enzyme involved in O-glycosylation of LDLR, a receptor protein responsible for absorbing bad cholesterol. The study provides new insights into the functional impact of glycosylation on cholesterol levels.
A new study by the American Cancer Society found that eating at both fast-food and full-service restaurants is associated with significant increases in calorie intake, sugar, saturated fat, and sodium. Adults who ate at restaurants consumed approximately 200 additional calories per day, regardless of whether they dined at fast-food or ...
A team of scientists at the University of California, San Diego, has developed synthetic glycopolymers that mimic natural sugars on cell surfaces. These molecules successfully guided embryonic stem cells into neural rosettes, precursors to mature neural cells.
A high-salt diet doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes, according to a new study published by The Endocrine Society. Researchers found that poor blood sugar control exacerbates this effect.
Researchers found genetically identical bacteria respond differently to sugars, exhibiting a wide range of behaviors. The study highlights the complexity of bacterial behaviors and their response to environmental conditions.
Research reveals unhealthy food and drinks are common in kids' TV programs, with frequent positive portrayals and few negative outcomes, highlighting the need for balanced content.
A pilot study found that participants with PAD increased their ability to walk unassisted after consuming dark chocolate rich in polyphenols. The improvements were modest but suggested a potential therapeutic strategy for countering cardiovascular complications.
A new study by Brazilian researchers demonstrates that converting degraded pastureland to sugar cane biofuel crops can provide a nearly immediate carbon payback. The Cerrado region in Brazil has seen over half of its land cleared for agriculture, but using this land for sugar cane production could help slow climate change.