Toxicity

Digoxin in patients with symptomatic rheumatic heart disease

New AI technology to speed drug development

Scientists at the University of Virginia Health System have developed a suite of AI-powered tools, called YuelDesign, YuelPocket and YuelBond, to transform how new drugs are created. These tools can design drug molecules tailored to fit their protein targets exactly, even accounting for protein flexibility.

Real-time imaging of microplastics in the body improves understanding of health risks

Scientists create fluorescent nanoplastics that resemble real-world plastics in morphology, enabling real-time tracking and studying chronic exposure effects. The study reveals that smaller particles retain longer in the body, highlighting the need for further research on health risks due to microplastic ingestion.

MET signaling’s protective role shows promise for treating acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure

A new study found that MET signaling plays a critical protective role in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure by reducing liver damage and accelerating regeneration. The findings suggest targeting MET signaling could become a game-changer for treating drug-induced ALF, potentially reducing the need for emergency liver transplants.

New review maps solutions to ammonia toxicity that threatens biogas production

The review synthesizes over a decade of research on ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion, highlighting emerging tools to stabilize biogas production from nitrogen-rich wastes. Biological and material-based solutions, digital technologies, and synthetic biology are discussed as potential mitigations.

New review maps ways to overcome ammonia toxicity in biogas production

A comprehensive review outlines how ammonia disrupts biogas production and identifies practical strategies to prevent system failure. Emerging solutions include the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into digester monitoring.

A platform to test new cancer treatments

Researchers at the University of Geneva have created a laboratory platform to rapidly evaluate the toxicity of new cancer treatments using human tissue-derived cell clusters. This approach allows for safer evaluation and could lead to personalized treatment options.

Is the air inside your home more dangerous than the air outside it?

A Stanford University-led study found that gas stoves emit significant amounts of nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant linked to health issues such as asthma and lung cancer. Replacing gas stoves with electric ones reduces nitrogen dioxide exposure by over a quarter on average across the US.

Pesticides and other common chemical pollutants are toxic to our ‘good’ gut bacteria

A large-scale laboratory screening identified 168 chemicals toxic to human-made gut bacteria. Washing fruit and veggies before consumption may help avoid exposure to these pollutants. Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict chemical harm, emphasizing the need for safer industrial practices.

Toys contain worrying levels of toxic elements

Researchers analyzed 70 plastic children's products sold in Brazil and found high levels of toxic substances, with barium levels up to 15 times higher than permitted. The study highlights the need for stricter enforcement measures to protect children's health.

Data-driven risk stratification guides childhood brain tumor treatment, reducing side effects

Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital developed a new approach to safely reduce therapy in children with medulloblastoma, a pediatric brain tumor. The analysis of almost 900 patients identified four actionable treatment recommendation groups from low to high intensity.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are eliminated from the body faster with certain medicines

A recent study at the University of Gothenburg discovered that two medications, cholestyramine and colesevelam, can rapidly eliminate perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the body. The findings suggest a potential therapeutic application for these medicines in reducing PFAS levels.

Device detects sodium nitrite in beverages

Researchers at the Federal University of São Carlos developed a sensor that can identify sodium nitrite in beverages. The device uses cork, laser-induced graphene, and electrochemical oxidation to detect the substance, which has potential carcinogenic effects. The sensor performed excellently with high sensitivity and good stability.

Unintentional marijuana ingestions rise sharply in Tennessee

Pediatric marijuana ingestions have increased by over 1,000% in the past seven years, primarily due to increased access to cannabis products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children under 5 years old are most affected, with Black children and those from publicly insured households being disproportionately exposed.

New peer-reviewed EWG study finds eating some produce hikes pesticide levels in people

A new study by Environmental Working Group found that consuming certain fruits and vegetables can increase pesticide levels in people's bodies. The study suggests that everyday food choices can drive significant pesticide exposure and highlights the need for safer food systems.

Federally funded study is first to link pesticides and death in kids

A federally funded study found children with leukemia who were exposed to pesticides during their mother's pregnancy had a higher risk of death. The study, published in Cancers, examined over 800 children and showed pesticide exposure increased child mortality by up to 60%.

Common farm fungicides found in food, water, and humans, review warns

A new review warns that strobilurin fungicides, widely used in farming, are contaminating staple foods, water, and human bodies. Small amounts can cause harm, interfering with cell energy production and potentially disrupting hormones.

Storage process: a new method reduces the acute toxicity of the essential oil of Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot by 40%

A new storage method significantly reduces the acute toxicity of Artemisia argyi essential oil by 40%, while enhancing its antioxidant and analgesic activities. The study uses gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and zebrafish models to assess changes in chemical composition, toxicity, and bioactivity during storage.

New research uncovers gene impacts of PFAS exposure in firefighters

Research at University of Arizona Health Sciences found PFAS exposure affects gene activity, tied to cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune conditions. Changes in miRNA activity indicate potential health risks, suggesting a link between environmental exposures and disease.

Researchers at Notre Dame detect ‘forever chemicals’ in reusable feminine hygiene products

A study by University of Notre Dame researchers found that almost a third of reusable menstrual products contain PFAS, despite being marketed as eco-friendly. The presence of these toxic fluorinated compounds poses risks to both users and the environment when disposed of.

Surface protonation amplifies carbon nitride nanosheet-induced phospholipid extraction

Protonation of carbon nitride increases its affinity with phospholipid membranes, leading to enhanced phospholipid membrane-rupturing capabilities. Surface characterization revealed reduced net negative charge, allowing for tight binding with phospholipid headgroups.

Urinary metal exposure linked to increased risk of heart failure, landmark study finds

A new multi-cohort study found that exposure to certain metals detected in urine is associated with a higher risk of heart failure. The study analyzed over 10,000 adults across diverse geographic and racial backgrounds and observed consistent associations between elevated urinary metal levels and increased HF risk.

Projected outcomes of removing fluoride from U.S. public water systems

Cessation of public water fluoridation would lead to higher rates of tooth decay and increased healthcare costs in the US. The model suggests that current safe levels of fluoride have substantial ongoing benefits.

Simple and cost-effective reporter assay for evaluating chemical-induced epigenetic changes

Researchers developed a cell-based reporter assay that can quantify epigenetic changes induced by chemicals and potential carcinogens. The epi-TK assay detects gene silencing and activation, reflecting epigenetic changes associated with both gene expression and DNA methylation.

‘Forever chemicals’ are everywhere. Most of their health effects are unknown

A group of long-lasting compounds called PFAS are ubiquitous in everyday products and the environment. Researchers hope to learn which ones are more toxic, and for whom, by using tiny worms to test their health effects.

Test predicts which patients with prostate cancer are most likely to develop long-term side effects from radiation therapy

A UCLA study validates the predictive power of PROSTOX, a genetic test that uses microRNAs to identify patients at higher risk of developing long-lasting urinary side effects from radiation therapy. The test helps doctors and patients choose safer treatment options, reducing the burden of long-term complications.

Firefly light gives rise to sensor that detects cellular alterations

Researchers developed a biosensor using an Amydetes vivianii firefly enzyme that detects pH changes in mammalian cells, which could be used to study diseases and assess drug toxicity. The technique is non-toxic and stable, providing a stronger glow than previous luciferases.

C-Path’s predictive safety testing consortium advances a transformative test to detect drug induced liver injury

Researchers propose GLDH as a more liver-specific biomarker for detecting liver injury, offering greater specificity than current ALT and AST tests. The test performed similarly to ALT for detecting liver injury but was not impacted by associated muscle injury.

Study confirms safety and efficacy of higher-dose-per-day radiation for early-stage prostate cancer

A new study confirms that a shorter, higher-dose-per-day radiation course is as effective as conventional radiotherapy for treating early-stage prostate cancer without increasing side effects. The study found similar cancer control rates and fewer gastrointestinal issues with the new approach.

Recently published studies find more than 1,000 additional chemicals present in or migrating from food contact materials

Recent studies have identified over 1,000 new chemicals in food contact materials, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates. The updated FCCmigex database now includes 5,294 chemicals from 1,500 scientific studies.

Presence of potentially toxic microalgae confirmed in La Concha Bay

Researchers confirm presence of potentially toxic Ostreopsis ovata algae in La Concha Bay, highlighting importance of substrate type and need for further study. Continued monitoring is advised to determine level of concentration and control situation.

How to clear the toxic tau protein that can lead to Alzheimer’s and related diseases

Researchers at USC Stem Cell discovered a gene called KCTD20 that suppresses glutamate toxicity, leading to enhanced tau protein clearance. This approach offers a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with tau-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.

Scientists discover potential for serious harm from chemical loophole

Researchers found that polymers used as flame retardants can break down into dozens of smaller molecules, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and developmental harm. The study also detected these pollutants in soil, air, and dust near electronic waste recycling facilities.

Meiotic maturation resulted by microplastics exposure can be attributed to HDAC3 insufficiency

Low-dose microplastic exposure leads to abnormal reproduction in females, characterized by oocyte meiotic maturation defect and H4K16 hyperacetylation. HDAC3 insufficiency is proposed as a key mechanism underlying this toxicity.

Polymeric delivery system revolutionizes mRNA therapeutics

A new biodegradable polymer-based delivery system efficiently transports mRNA, outperforming existing lipid nanoparticles in delivery efficiency and expression duration. The study also shows improved immune response results without liver accumulation or toxicity.

Nanomaterials are emerging as a powerful tool for coastal oil spill cleanup, say Concordia researchers

Nanomaterials are being studied for their potential in combating marine oil spills, with promising results showing improved removal efficiency and reduced toxicity. The researchers emphasize the need for eco-friendly and sustainable approaches to minimize environmental risks.

UCLA-led study establishes link between early side effects from prostate cancer radiation and long-term side effects

A recent study published in Lancet Oncology reveals a significant link between early side effects from radiation therapy for prostate cancer and long-term complications. Men who experience moderate acute urinary or bowel side effects during treatment are nearly twice as likely to develop late urinary or bowel issues, respectively. This...

In HER2+ colorectal cancer, anti-HER2 therapy may be less toxic alternative

A phase 2 clinical trial found that a combination of two HER2 inhibitors was more effective and better tolerated than standard EGFR inhibitor-based therapy for patients with HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer. The study showed that the level of HER2 amplification in tumors played a key role in determining treatment outcomes.

Exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke among children

A cross-sectional study found that children exposed to secondhand cannabis smoke at home have significantly higher urinary cannabinoid biomarker levels, indicating increased exposure to toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Reducing in-home cannabis smoking can substantially reduce child exposure to these harmful substances.

Biochar reduces the risks of DDT-contaminated soil

Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology found that biochar significantly reduces DDT uptake by earthworms in contaminated soil, halving the toxin's presence. This method could enable farming on land deemed unusable due to environmental risks.

Growing safer spuds: removing toxins from potatoes

Scientists have discovered a way to remove toxic compounds from potatoes, making them safer to eat and easier to store. By engineering plants to control when and where these compounds are produced, researchers envision crops that can be stored without risk of toxicity.

Chemical replacement of TNT explosive more harmful to plants, study shows

A new study reveals DNAN, a chemical compound replacing TNT in explosives, harms plants by accumulating throughout the plant and lingering for longer. This poses a risk of animals consuming infected plants, introducing toxin into the food chain.

Garden produce grown near Fayetteville works fluorochemical plant contains GenX, other PFAs

A new study found that residential garden produce grown near the Fayetteville Works fluorochemical plant can contain high levels of GenX and other PFAS, posing an exposure risk to consumers. Water-rich produce like berries and figs exhibited the highest PFAS levels, with daily intake estimates suggesting a significant health concern.

MRI-guided radiation therapy reduces long-term side effects for patients with prostate cancer

Patients receiving MRI-guided SBRT experienced significantly fewer urinary and bowel side effects compared to CT-guided treatment. MRI guidance also correlated with improved scores on specific quality-of-life measures, including bowel function and sexual health.

Two microbe strains can effectively degrade petroleum hydrocarbons, offering potential to treat oily wastewater - such as marine oil spills - and reduce its toxicity

Researchers identified two microbe strains capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, holding promise for treating contaminated marine oil spills. These microorganisms also exhibit potential to reduce the toxicity of oily wastewater, offering a sustainable solution for environmental remediation.

Using personal care products during and after pregnancy can increase exposure to toxic chemicals

A new study by Brown University researchers found that using personal care products during pregnancy is associated with higher concentrations of PFAS in blood plasma and breast milk. The study suggests that people concerned about their exposure may benefit from cutting back on these products.

TYK2 transforms tau from ‘good guy’ to a ‘bad guy’ that contributes to Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that TYK2 transforms tau into a toxic protein contributing to Alzheimer's disease. Partially restraining TYK2 could be a strategy to reduce tau levels and toxicity.

WVU scientists using nanotechnology to combat antibiotic-resistant infections

Researchers at WVU are developing a hybrid of silver and carbon nanotubes to reduce antibiotic-resistant infections in open bone fractures. The study aims to create a safe and effective antimicrobial material that can be used on various medical products.

New study sheds light on lily toxicity in cats; outpatient treatment may be viable option

A recent study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association has revealed new insights into treating cats exposed to toxic lilies. The study found no significant difference in acute kidney injury prevalence between inpatient and outpatient groups, suggesting that outpatient management may be a viable option fo...

Testing and evaluation of health care applications of large language models

The study evaluated large language models for healthcare applications, highlighting dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity. It emphasizes the need for standardized applications and metrics to ensure real patient care data is considered.

Red milkweed beetle genome offers insight into plant-insect interactions

The red milkweed beetle's genome has been sequenced, providing insights into how it safely feeds on toxic plants. The study found an apparent expansion of genes related to toxin sequestration and metabolic enzymes.

Pharmacology: Venomous crustacean from Mayan underwater caves provides new drug candidates

A study from Goethe University Frankfurt reveals that venomous crustaceans, specifically remipede crabs in Mexican cenote caves, contain a variety of toxins with pharmacological potential. The xibalbines peptides effectively inhibit potassium channels and activate signaling pathways involved in pain sensitization.

Common consumer product chemicals now tied to cardiac electrical changes

An interdisciplinary study found associations between exposure to environmental phenols like BPA and triclocarban and altered cardiac electrical activity, particularly in women with higher body mass indexes. Researchers identified moderate changes to cardiac electrical activity that could exacerbate existing heart disease or arrhythmias.

Widespread evidence for packaging-related chemicals in humans

A new review has found that 3,601 food contact chemicals have been detected in human bodies, representing 25% of known chemicals. The study highlights significant gaps in biomonitoring and toxicity data, and emphasizes the need for safer alternatives.

Cancer tool “unable to accurately predict” toxicity levels in UK patients

A UK study found that a widely-used cancer treatment tool is unable to accurately predict toxicity levels in older adults. The Cancer Aging Research Group (CARG) score was developed to estimate severe chemotherapy-related side effects but failed to provide reliable results in this population. In contrast, frailty screening tools showed...

Increasing risk of synthetic opioid drug overdoses in Australia

A recent study found that synthetic opioid drug overdoses are becoming increasingly common in Australia, particularly due to the presence of fentanyl. The researchers highlighted the need for safe consumption spaces and increased awareness about the risks of fentanyl contamination.

Do your supplements contain potentially hepatoxic botanicals?

A study from Michigan Medicine researchers found that over 15 million adult Americans regularly consume herbal and dietary supplements containing potentially toxic liver ingredients. The largest proportion of users took turmeric or green tea supplements, while others used garcinia cambogia for weight loss.

Estimated exposure to 6 potentially hepatotoxic botanicals in U.S. adults

A survey study estimates that 15.6 million US adults consume at least one potentially hepatotoxic botanical product within the past 30 days. Turmeric is the most commonly reported botanical, followed by green tea, ashwagandha, Garcinia cambogia, red yeast rice, and black cohosh products.

Breakthrough: Natural bacteria compound offers safe skin lightening

Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a natural tyrosinase inhibitor from Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum that inhibits melanin synthesis and provides an alternative to toxic hydroquinone-based products. The compound, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), exhibits low toxicity and potential benefits for hyperpigmentation treatment.

Improved efficacy of pembrolizumab when combined with sEphB4-HSA in HPV-negative EphrinB2-positive HNSCC

A phase II clinical trial found that combining sEphB4-HSA with pembrolizumab improved outcomes in HPV-negative, EphrinB2-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. The combination showed a favorable toxicity profile and activity, particularly among those with HNSCC.