Articles tagged with Cell Division
A new method, iDEMS, uses quantitative mass spectrometry to measure DNA modifications on purified, replicated DNA. This approach reveals that DNA methylation levels increase steadily after replication and are eventually diluted by cell division.
Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis and Purdue University used single-cell data to develop a new framework for understanding the relationship between cell growth, DNA replication, and division in bacteria. They found that individual cells can exquisitely coordinate these processes, despite the 'noisiness' of each process.
Researchers uncover new mechanism of human MCM2-7 complex in regulating replication initiation, offering novel anticancer strategy for selective killing of cancer cells. The study provides high-resolution structural and mechanistic information on the human pre-initiation complex.
Researchers discovered two polarity proteins that accumulate on opposite sides of a cell, acting as a cellular compass to control the development of helper cells. This helps grasses form efficient stomata, optimizing gas exchange and saving water.
Researchers discovered a smart molecular glue formed by proteins clinging to microtubules, enabling nucleus positioning during cell division. The 'glue' enables mechanical forces to be transduced as desired, with flexible properties allowing it to withstand tension.
Researchers discovered that Dis1 protein promotes microtubule shortening in fission yeast through catastrophe, a process where growing microtubules suddenly shorten. This finding challenges the conventional view of microtubule stabilization and has long-term applications for therapy and artificial cell segregation.
G-Quadruplex DNA structures play a crucial role in regulating genes and cell processes, but their visualization is challenging due to the dynamic nature of double standard DNA. Fluorescence-active small molecule probes have emerged as a real-time visualization method, enabling researchers to detect G-quadruplexes with high selectivity.
In a complex process, germ cells produce GRIF-1 protein to mark and degrade maternal RNA molecules, gaining access to their own genetic material. This allows for the development of an entire organism without maternal control.
Researchers have identified a potential new cancer therapeutic target in the cell division enzyme TTLL11. Microtubule polyglutamylation by TTLL11 is crucial for faithful chromosome segregation. In cancer, TTLL11 levels are significantly downregulated, leading to unstable microtubules that favor aneuploid cells.
Researchers found that reducing SAMHD1 levels made brain tumor cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs and slowed cell growth. They also suspect that glioblastoma alters SAMHD1's function to aid its own survival and treatment resistance.
A new experimental drug has shown promising results in treating liver cancer, with two patients experiencing a partial response to the treatment. The drug, NMS-01940153E, targets an enzyme that plays a critical role in cell division and growth, and its side effects are manageable.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a mechanism that helps dendritic cells migrate more quickly to lymph nodes. The discovery reveals that forming multiple centrosomes enables these immune cells to stay on course longer before continuing their search.
Researchers used Raman spectroscopy to identify and analyze Escherichia coli persister cells, finding they have enhanced metabolic activities despite being in a dormant state. This new understanding could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Researchers discovered a type of triple-negative breast cancer cell that can trigger dormancy, evading therapies and allowing for efficient survival in distant organs. This finding highlights the need for more selective therapeutic strategies targeting both dividing and invasive dormant cells.
Researchers at UVA will study organelles in cancer cells to identify new pathways for understanding and fighting cancer. By focusing on the interactions between genes, proteins, and organelles within cells, they hope to develop fresh clues about therapies.
Researchers at RIKEN have discovered how marsupials' hearts can regenerate for several weeks after birth, allowing for potential treatment of human heart disease. They found that inhibiting a protein called AMPK extended the period of regeneration in both mice and opossums, with minimal scarring.
A new study from the University of Alabama at Birmingham reveals how impaired metabolism due to mutations in succinate dehydrogenase B disables a normal bioenergetic sensing mechanism, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. This discovery sheds light on how cancer cells divide despite having a less efficient energy production.
Researchers have identified a key chemical controlling hair follicle cell division and death, shedding light on a potential cure for baldness. The discovery also holds promise for speeding up wound healing by harnessing the regenerative properties of stem cells found in hair follicles.
Researchers at the Institut Pasteur and CNRS studied SARS-CoV-2 replication in bat cells, finding that viral infection triggers a powerful immune response that prevents the virus from replicating. The study uses real-time imaging techniques to visualize the speed of cell infection and the formation of syncytia.
A new study reveals that oxidative damage to telomeres can trigger cellular senescence, leading to the development of 'zombie cells'. Researchers found that damage at telomeres disrupts DNA replication and induces stress signaling pathways, contributing to age-related diseases.
Researchers at MIT have created a new liver tissue model that identifies one molecule playing a key role in human liver regeneration. The study also reveals several other candidates that will be explored further to discover new human-specific pathways.
A Rutgers study analyzing brain stem cells of autism patients found irregularities in early brain development, supporting the concept that ASD arises from poor control of brain cell proliferation. The study discovered that some patients had NPCs producing too many brain cells while others had underproduced cells.
A family of DNA motor proteins, condensin, has been found to create loops of DNA that form chromosomes during cell division. The protein complex achieves this feat by acting as a molecular machine, using energy from ATP to drive the process.
A team of researchers has found a way to block the replication of one strain of the influenza virus in human cells by inhibiting a specific protein modification process called SUMOylation. This breakthrough could lead to highly effective treatments for the flu and other respiratory viruses.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute have determined the 3D structural details of the human CCAN complex, highlighting its unique features and implications for interactions with centromere protein A. This discovery raises fundamental questions about creating artificial chromosomes.
A new mathematical theory explains how cells navigate the risk-speed tradeoff when dividing, balancing risk and speed to ensure survival. The theory applies broadly to all organisms, despite differences between yeast and mammalian cells.
A University of Washington model found that the body's ability to create cloned immune cells falls significantly with age, leading to increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in the elderly. The study suggests that genetic limits on cell division may play a role in the devastating effects of COVID-19 on older adults.
A recent study by Weill Cornell Medicine and Dana Farber Cancer Institute reveals that CDC7 is replaceable by CDK1 in cell division, opening up new avenues for cancer therapies. The finding highlights the complex molecular orchestration of the cell cycle and suggests a powerful new strategy against cancer.
A team of researchers at UC Riverside has discovered that a protein complex called CAF-1 controls genome organization to maintain lineage fidelity in blood stem cells. The study found that CAF-1 keeps specific genomic sites compacted and inaccessible to transcription factors, ensuring the expression of lineage-specific genes.
Researchers have deciphered the structure of the kinetochore corona, a complex protein assembly that plays a pivotal role in chromosome segregation. The study, published in The EMBO Journal, provides new insights into how this critical process is regulated and offers a framework for future studies on cell division.
Scientists at Van Andel Institute and Rockefeller University have revealed the structure of the 911 DNA checkpoint clamp, which loads onto DNA to repair damage. The novel finding shows that the 911 clamp is loaded onto DNA from the opposite end, a surprise in the field of DNA replication.
Researchers discovered a micro-protein, Nrs1, that supports cell division and proliferation when nutrients are scarce in yeast cells. This finding sheds light on how evolution subtly reshapes genome plasticity to adapt to changing environments.
Researchers discovered that a transcription factor called MUTE induces a cell cycle inhibitor SMR4 to slow down the cell cycle, allowing for asymmetric division. A variant with excess SMR4 showed a longer cell cycle during symmetric division, revealing a crucial regulatory mechanism in plant stomatal development.
Researchers discovered that yeast cells can actively regulate temperature-dependent phase separation in their membranes. This process is crucial for membrane function and cell division. By adjusting the temperature, yeast cells can maintain a consistent state of phase separation, which may be essential for optimal cellular performance.
Researchers at Kobe University discover that adding Vitamin B2 to stressed cells increases mitochondrial energy production and prevents cellular senescence. This finding has potential implications for preventing age-related disorders and extending healthy lifespans.
A study with lab-grown mouse cells reveals that lamin C plays a key role in maintaining the structural network under the cell's nucleus, ensuring proper DNA organization. This finding has significant implications for diagnosing and treating genetic disorders linked to DNA disorganization, such as progeria and muscular dystrophy.
Researchers at University of Göttingen investigate tight junctions' importance in cell movement and their consequences when missing. The findings suggest a 'tug of war' scenario between cells with unequal contraction and stretching, affecting tissue mobility and biological functions.
A new trial run by UCL researchers shows promise in slowing the regrowth of tumors among some bowel cancer patients. The drug adavosertib was found to delay tumour growth by about two months on average and had relatively few side effects, particularly in left-sided/rectal tumours.
A new study proposes that protocells, the putative ancestors of modern living cells, used temperature differences to divide. This simple mechanism could underlie the growth and self-replication of these early cells.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered a protein called 'curly' that can bend the cytoskeleton of cells, twisting them into different shapes. This finding opens up new possibilities for engineering cells and understanding how they replicate.
Researchers have discovered a long-sought link between the mechanisms of cell division and cell adhesion, revealing a unifying control process. The study identifies CDK1 binding to talin as a key interaction, indicating a critical role in regulating cell proliferation and adhesion.
A UNIGE team has identified important regulatory mechanisms of the protein responsible for chromosome separation. The study reveals that inhibitory proteins block separase activity by occupying sites that recognize the cohesin substrate, preventing cleavage.
Researchers have identified a key role for Cytidine Triphosphate (CTP) in bacterial cell division, enabling the Noc protein to bind to DNA and membranes. This discovery may lead to new avenues for targeting bacterial chromosome segregation and cell division.
Researchers at UNIGE found that chromosomal site location is transmitted through an epigenetic process, allowing offspring to inherit correct positions even without gene information. This epigenetic memory only lasts for one generation and affects the survival of mutant worms.
A study by Nagoya University researchers reveals that cohesin's ring needs to open for certain processes, like DNA replication and chromosome segregation. This opening facilitates the progressive replication of the DNA double helix and allows DNA looping, crucial for regulating gene expression.
A single gene mutation can slow down cell division, preventing proper brain development and leading to microcephaly. This process involves the dysregulation of microtubules, which are essential for distributing genetic material between new cells.
Researchers found that cells regulate their own size by using DNA content as an internal scale. Cells with too little KRP4 delay DNA replication until they catch up, while those with too much dilute KRP4 to speed up the process. This mechanism keeps meristem cells within a narrow size range.
Researchers developed a novel technique for live-cell imaging with the POLArIS probe, which revealed a new actin structure called FLARE in dividing starfish embryos. This discovery sheds light on fundamental questions of cell division and development.
Researchers uncover novel cell division mechanism in Haloferax volcanii, a microorganism from the archaea realm. This discovery offers new insights into the evolution of life and potential biotechnological tools for delivering vaccines or drugs.
Researchers discover USP7 inhibitors cause premature activation of CDK1 protein, leading to uncontrolled cell division and cell death. This finding opens the door for potential therapeutic combinations that could increase the efficacy of these drugs in cancer patients.
A recent study from Dartmouth College has uncovered the mechanism behind how cells determine their size, a crucial process that regulates cell division in growing organisms. The research found that histone H3 plays a key role in this process, releasing an enzyme called Chk1 to bind with another protein and stop cell multiplication.
Researchers have identified seven genes essential for normal cell division, allowing a synthetic cell to grow and divide uniformly. This breakthrough aims to engineer synthetic cells for various applications, including drug production, disease detection, and computing.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered how human cells assemble and disassemble Origin Recognition Complexes to initiate DNA replication. The study reveals a specific interaction between ORC1 protein and CDC6, allowing them to work together in a coordinated manner.
Aging leads to hair follicles adopting atypical senescent type of asymmetric cell division, resulting in the generation of aberrantly differentiating cells. This disruption causes stem cell exhaustion and loss, ultimately leading to hair thinning and hair loss.
Researchers at LMU have developed a theory explaining how cells perceive their own shapes and use this information to direct protein distribution. A concentration gradient within the cell encodes shape information, which is decoded by self-organized protein patterns.
Scientists investigate rhythmic changes in yeast cells' hydrogen peroxide levels and find that inactivating peroxiredoxin decouples cell division from metabolism. This discovery could provide insights into uncontrolled cell division in tumor cells.
Researchers discovered that MpSYP12B redirects the secretory pathway to form the liverwort oil body, providing strong empirical support for the organelle paralogy hypothesis. The oil body accumulates compounds with bioactivities, including antibacterial and anticancer properties.
A novel computational tool called CShaper speeds up the analyzing process from hundreds of hours to a few hours by computer. It can segment and analyze cell images systematically at the single-cell level, enabling biologists to decipher the contents of these images within a few hours.
A fundamental way cells interpret signals from their environment has been revealed by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The Hippo pathway, which constrains cell division and regulates organ size, can be activated by multiple signaling inputs.
Cell division becomes softer and deformable in response to mechanical forces from neighboring cells, altering its orientation. This study reveals a new mechanism influencing tissue dynamics and may have implications for clinical studies.