Articles tagged with Cell Division
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A study has identified a new target for controlling cell division, which could lead to insights into diseases such as cancer. The research found that enzymes responsible for lipid synthesis are synthesized at higher efficiency when cells are ready to divide.
Scientists have discovered a unique 'gear' in the molecular motor protein KlpA that enables it to switch direction of movement, allowing chromosomes to be properly divided during cell division. This finding could lead to novel treatments for certain types of cancers.
Scientists found evidence that a metabolic oscillator acts as regulator of cell division, contradicting textbook description of cyclin-dependent kinase complex. The oscillator oscillates in synchrony with the cell cycle but can also occur independently.
A recent study published in Nature Communications has shed light on the structures that contain our genetic material. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh created an artificial chromosome to investigate cell division and found a complex series of steps that form a protective barrier inside chromosomes.
Researchers at Nagoya University have successfully visualized asymmetric cell division in fertilized plant cells using live cell imaging. The study reveals how the direction of this division determines the body axis of flowering plants, with a small cell forming on top and a large cell at the bottom.
A new study from the University of Edinburgh reveals that DNA accounts for only half of a chromosome's material, with the remaining 47% being a mysterious sheath that surrounds genetic material. This discovery could help prevent errors in cell division, which are linked to certain cancers and birth defects.
Biologists at UMass Amherst have quantified the internal force during cell division, resolving a decades-long debate on how much force is involved. The study found that kinetochore fibers exert hundreds of piconewtons of poleward-directed force, settling the matter of how much force is brought to bear.
A new study reveals that temperature-induced increases in cell division are the primary driver of phytoplankton blooms. The analysis of nearly 13 years of data from an in situ device found a direct correlation between temperature and cell division rates, with losses due to viruses and predators following closely behind.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have developed a new method for capturing high-resolution, three-dimensional images of the deep structure of skin in living mice. The study reveals that basal cells divide obliquely in thicker skin and parallel in thinner skin, contributing to the maintenance of epidermis thickness
The discovery of POLD3's critical role in DNA replication reveals its necessity for both tumor and healthy cells, casting doubt on its use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The study used genetic engineering to eliminate the gene in mice, showing its essential function in cell division and survival.
A Yale team discovered that Zika virus diverts a key protein necessary for neural cell division, causing microcephaly. Researchers found an FDA-approved drug, Sofosbuvir, may prevent Zika virus infection of neural stem cells and keep phospho-TBK1 involved in cell division.
Researchers found that esophageal cancer cells do not divide faster than their normal neighbors, but instead produce slightly more dividing daughter cells. This imbalance in cell division can lead to tumor growth over time, making it harder to treat with current therapies.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have identified a key molecule, EGFR-3, that directs planarian stem cells to make copies of themselves. The discovery has important implications for advancing regenerative medicine and developing effective cancer therapies.
Scientists at NUS Cancer Science Institute discovered that phosphorylation of the tumour suppressor gene RUNX3 promotes cancer progression by allowing cell division. The study's findings suggest a potential way to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy by targeting Aurora Kinase, an enzyme involved in the modification.
Researchers discovered that bacteria divide asymmetrically when exposed to stress, accumulating defects in some individuals while others remain young and healthy. This collective behavior allows the bacterial colony to stay young, produce more offspring, and maintain overall health.
A team of researchers has identified an enzyme called Aurora kinase that plays a key role in the regeneration process of single-celled organisms like Stentor. By inhibiting this enzyme, they were able to speed up the healing process without any negative side effects.
In times of famine, microalgae switch to efficient metabolism before partially digesting themselves to conserve nutrients. The study reveals the molecular mechanisms behind this process, which also impacts human cancer cells.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a key regulatory mechanism of insulin signaling, linking it to the timing of cell division. Three spindle checkpoint proteins, crucial for accurate cell division, also regulate metabolism through their impact on insulin receptors.
Researchers found that fungi acquired a protein from a virus that hijacked their cell division control machinery, allowing them to grow and divide uncontrollably. This discovery could lead to the development of new antifungal drugs that target only fungal cells, not plant or animal hosts.
Researchers have identified a signaling pathway that prevents DNA damage during cell division, ensuring identical copies are passed on to daughter cells. Chromatin bridges can form if DNA replication is problematic, but these bridges do not always trigger an alarm signal.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method for receptor activation using red light, which can penetrate deep tissues and activate signal pathways involved in cell division. The approach has potential for treating diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and diabetes.
Scientists have discovered a key mechanism controlling the production of daughter cells in the immune system, which could lead to more effective vaccines and cancer treatments. Asymmetric cell division generates two types of cells with distinct properties, influenced by the distribution of c-Myc signaling protein.
A study published in Biophysical Journal illustrates the biomechanics of Hydra's mouth opening process, revealing that cells stretch and deform to accommodate the widening of its mouth. The researchers found that radially oriented fibers contract to stretch the cells apart, similar to muscle contraction.
Researchers identified key proteins connecting genetic material to cell structures, enabling accurate DNA distribution during cell division. The findings resolve a longstanding puzzle in cell division and may provide insight into cancer susceptibility.
Researchers at CNIO have discovered a code of signals that regulates the concentration of proteins involved in genome duplication. The USP7 protein acts as a traffic officer, eliminating ubiquitin marks to favor protein accumulation and DNA copying. This balance is essential for accurate genome replication.
Root shape is determined by a combination of genetic predisposition and the self-organization of cells. The development of secondary roots follows principles of non-deterministic growth and adaptation.
Researchers identified a set of proteins that play a key role in preventing errors during healthy cell formation. The study sheds light on mechanisms involved in egg cell formation and may aid understanding of infertility, stillbirths, and birth defects.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have refined a mathematical model that simulates genetic mutations and their impact on cell division. The model's accuracy has been improved through laboratory experiments and is expected to be useful in understanding how certain mutations thrive and reproduce, particularly in the context of cancer.
A new statistical approach, called Oscope, identifies oscillating genes in single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments by examining cells from an unsynchronized population. The technique captures one base cycle of each group of cyclic genes, offering a practical way to profile distinct groups of genes that play a cyclical role.
Researchers found that tubulin assembly involves a single machine comprising the largest four genes, which powers the process using chemical energy and assembles microtubules that play critical roles in cell structure and division. Understanding this system may provide new strategies for controlling microtubules in cancer cells.
Researchers discovered that protein p53 monitors centriole numbers to prevent potentially disastrous cell divisions. Without centrioles, cells are unable to divide due to the presence of p53, which acts as a backup to prevent abnormal cells from forming.
Researchers at Duke University found that the initial size of cells determines how much they grow before dividing into two, contrary to previous findings. This discovery was made possible by analyzing oscillations in cell growth and gene expression using a unique device that allows for single-cell analysis.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University mapped the points along the genome where a scaffolding protein called condensin binds. Condensin is essential for reassembling copied genomic fragments into chromosomes and maintaining genetic integrity.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have identified two genes that can drive cell division in tree stems, allowing them to grow larger and more quickly. This discovery could lead to generating trees that produce more biomass for biofuels, chemicals, and materials while minimizing CO2 release.
Researchers at the University of Iowa identified a mechanism in which a protein 'hitchhiker' attaches to the centrosome to regulate gene expression during cell division. This process could have implications for understanding human development and disease, including cancer treatment.
A new study found that unpredictable division patterns in HPV-infected stem cells play a critical role in eradicating the virus. This finding suggests that tweaking infected cell division patterns may help clear HPV infections and lower cancer risk.
Researchers have discovered that a specific set of molecules, known as transcription factors, trigger DNA errors and slow down cell division in embryos. This finding provides new insight into the mechanism behind the 'midblastula transition', where the embryo takes control of its genetic expression.
Researchers in Japan studied Sarracenia purpurea to understand how carnivorous pitcher leaves form. They found that oriented cell division is the key factor behind pitcher leaf development, resulting in a hollow structure.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have created a 3D model of the ORC protein machine, which helps prepare DNA for duplication. The model reveals that ORC is not always 'on' as previously thought, and no one knows how it turns on and off.
Researchers have developed a molecular mouse-trap technique that aids understanding of cell division and its role in cancer. By studying the structure of proteins involved in chromosome formation, scientists can develop new approaches to analyze complex biological molecules.
Cell division relies on a collective process rather than a single molecular architect. The cleavage furrow's formation is driven by chemical signaling and mechanical processes, not just one key protein.
Researchers at Concordia University have grown mutant E. coli bacteria up to 3/4 millimeter long, 750 times their normal length, by blocking cell division. This breakthrough has potential applications in the nanoscale industry and may lead to a better understanding of pathogens.
A novel study has provided an answer to the long-standing question of how cells control their size and maintain stable distributions. Researchers found that cells follow a simple quantitative principle, adding constant size irrespective of birth size, to ensure stability of size distributions.
A recent study found that cell division in endothelial cells leads to the formation of large, ordered eddies in tissue, which may help widen blocked blood vessels and aid healing. The researchers used phase-contrast microscopy to observe the movement of new cells and found characteristic turbulence patterns.
Researchers identified FoxO1 as a key molecule regulating cell division in vascular wall cells, leading to pulmonary hypertension. Boosting FoxO1 activity has been shown to normalize pathological cell division and potentially cure the disease in rats.
Researchers identified OGF-OGFr regulatory pathway as key factor in enhanced cell replication and diabetic wound healing. Topical naltrexone application stimulates cell proliferation, but only when OGFr expression is diminished.
Researchers from CNIO have characterized a key protein interaction that regulates cellular proliferation; this discovery may aid in developing new anti-microtubule drugs to combat cancer. The study's findings provide insights into the molecular basis of microtubule assembly during cell division.
Researchers from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center discovered that CenH3, a foundational protein in cell division, is surprisingly absent in many insect species. This finding challenges the long-held assumption of its essentiality and provides insights into the evolution of centromeres and potential mechanisms for chromosomal instability.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered a 'switch' in cells that can be turned on and off to control telomerase activity. This switch could help keep telomerase levels low, potentially slowing aging and regenerating vital organs.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz found that both sperm and eggs transmit a memory of gene repression to embryos, which is then transmitted through multiple cell divisions. This epigenetic memory plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and development.
Researchers have uncovered how bacteria control their growth and division by destroying key proteins through regulated protein degradation, a critical process for bacterial virulence. Understanding this mechanism may lead to the discovery of new antibiotics targeting pathways that allow bacteria to overcome stressful conditions.
Cancer cells can divide even without sufficient oxygen by manipulating the protein HIF-1alpha. Lysosomes play a crucial role in regulating this process by marking or degrading HIF-1alpha. The study suggests that inhibiting Cdk2 may be an effective treatment strategy for certain types of cancer.
Researchers discovered that cell division in mammalian cells synchronises with the body's daily rhythm, known as the circadian clock. This synchronization can help explain why people with disrupted circadian rhythms are more susceptible to cancer and may also inform an optimal timing for administering chemotherapy.
Scientists discovered a surge of heart muscle cell division in young mice, increasing cardiac muscle cells by 40% and suggesting thyroid hormone could aid in children's treatment, offering an alternative to focusing on stem cells.
Researchers have discovered that the timing and coordination of cell division are crucial for normal development, particularly in early embryonic stages. Fast-dividing cells require genes without introns to efficiently produce proteins.
Researchers discovered that cells use the cdr2p protein to probe their surface area and determine when to divide. The study challenges previous models suggesting that another protein senses cell length.
A team of researchers has created a detailed analysis of protein activity in human cancer cells, revealing the dynamic patterns of gene expression during the cell cycle. The study provides new insights into how genes work over time in cancer cells and could lead to the development of safer new drugs.
Scientists have discovered a molecular 'switch' that regulates heart cell division and could potentially be used to regenerate damaged heart tissue. The discovery was made by studying infant siblings with a rare heart defect, who exhibited unusual heart cell proliferation.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that a subtle epigenetic change facilitates structural changes of the centromere prior to cell division, ensuring proper chromosome distribution. This mechanism is highly similar in human cells and yeast cells, suggesting its key role in preventing incorrect chromosome numbers.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh identified shugoshin as a critical protein in ensuring accurate cell division. The study found that disabling shugoshin led to increased abnormal chromosome numbers, highlighting its importance in preventing aneuploidy and potentially cancer.