Articles tagged with Cell Division
Researchers at the University of Florida have discovered that a gene called Sonic hedgehog controls the speed of cell division, which may contribute to genital defects. The study found that slower cell division rates can lead to underdeveloped and malformed genitalia in mice.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute have discovered that inhibiting a key molecule in a DNA repair pathway could make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy while protecting healthy cells. This approach could provide a new means to target and treat cancer more effectively.
A team of scientists led by Caltech biologists found that cell-cycle length and chromosome duplication without division play key roles in determining sepal cell sizes in Arabidopsis thaliana. This probabilistic development process results in unique patterns and proportions among sepals.
Researchers have determined how cells regulate microtubule attachments during cell division, a process critical for proper chromosomal distribution. The system relies on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of key proteins, controlled by enzymes Aurora B and PP1, to correct attachment problems and maintain accurate chromosome separation.
A new study found that just one pulse of artificial light at night damages circadian cell division, a key process affected in cancer. The research reveals changes in gene expression, including genes connected to cancer formation and anti-cancer defense.
Researchers have discovered how cyanobacteria's rate of cell division is regulated by the same circadian clocks that control human sleep patterns. The study found that cells divide once per day at specific points in the 24-hour cycle, with implications for understanding cellular renewal and cancer.
Researchers identified a key protein that controls bacterial cell division and found the biological clock's role in regulating this process. The study's findings provide insights into the evolution of circadian clocks between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that sugar-based protein modification called O-GlcNAcylation regulates cell division. Disrupting this process can lead to polyploidy, a condition exhibited by many cancer cells. The findings have implications for new treatments for diseases like cancer.
A marine sponge species recycles carbon from dissolved organic material, sustaining the diverse ecosystems of coral reefs. This process involves rapid cell turnover and shedding, allowing other reef residents to consume the recycled cells, thereby supporting the reef's complex food web.
Mother and daughter cells differ in gene expression and regulation, leading to varying cell cycles. Researchers found that proteins Ace2 and Ash1 control the commitment to divide, with daughters receiving these proteins at birth.
A new study reveals that telomeres, which regulate cell division, replicate at various times during DNA replication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The research also found that telomerase enables unlimited growth in cancer cells by rebuilding most or all of the telomeres.
Scientists developed a quantitative mathematical model of DNA replication and cell division for Caulobacter crescentus, an alpha-proteobacterium crucial to global carbon cycling. The model accurately represents the sequence of physiological events during cell division and predicts the impact of specific mutations on cell function.
Scientists at Michigan State University have discovered a new mechanism for regulating proteins involved in cell migration and division, which could lead to the development of targeted pharmaceutical treatments. This breakthrough offers hope for treating cancer by exploiting the unique properties of these proteins.
A team of scientists has discovered that individual cells have programmed lifespan and fate, changing the approach to predicting immune responses. The findings could lead to more accurate computer models for infectious diseases and autoimmune conditions.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a framework for studying the arrangement of tissue networks created by cell division across various organisms. The model reveals that regular features in tissues can indicate properties about the cell division mechanism itself.
Scientists at Stanford University have discovered a plant protein called BASL that plays a key role in asymmetric cell division, a process vital for creating different types of cells in plants. The discovery sheds light on the unique mechanisms used by plants to control cell growth and development.
Researchers have discovered that contractile rings constrict at a constant rate proportional to cell size, maintaining consistent cell division duration despite smaller cells. This property could lead to improved therapies for cancer by preventing uncontrolled cell division.
A plant MinD protein has been found to rescue the oscillating cell division of E. coli by localizing to its polar regions without oscillation. This finding suggests that the conserved Min proteins between bacteria and plants have different functions.
Professor Andrew Fry will present his latest research on understanding cell division and its role in human diseases, including cancer. His work aims to identify proteins that can target specific tumours while leaving other cells unharmed.
A recent study published in the Journal of Cell Biology found that Vangl2, a protein involved in planar cell polarity, controls asymmetrical cell division and developmental fate of progenitor neurons. In Vangl2-lacking mouse embryos, large numbers of early-born neurons were observed, suggesting premature differentiation.
Researchers at the Gladstone Institutes have identified a complex signaling process that governs heart cell expansion and division. The study shows that cardiac fibroblasts send signals to cardiomyocytes to divide or grow, which could lead to regenerative therapies after heart attacks.
Researchers at Tufts University found that long CGG repeats stall replication, leading to chromosomal fragility and breaking, and disable cellular checkpoints that repair replication malfunctions.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found a subpopulation of hematopoietic stem cells that reproduce much more slowly than expected. This discovery may lead to improved treatment outcomes for leukemia and other marrow-based diseases through enhanced bone marrow repopulation.
MIT engineers have discovered that a specific region of the kinesin protein generates the force needed for its movement. The research, published in PNAS, sheds light on how this protein enables functions such as cell division and may one day aid in developing therapies for diseases like cancer.
A Florida State University research team has discovered a crucial new layer of regulation in the cell division cycle, which could lead to better cancer diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight the importance of Cdc14 protein enzyme in ensuring correct timing and order of cell-cycle events.
Researchers at Uppsala University have identified a novel cell division mechanism in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which may provide insights into human cell biology and evolutionary history. The discovery of three genes that form a sharp band between chromosomes suggests a unique process for cell separation.
Scientists found that mussels alternate between eating and growing genes in response to changing environmental conditions. The study suggests that mussels use a survival strategy similar to circadian rhythms, allowing them to separate physiological processes and reduce damage from free radicals.
A new study has resolved a 50-year-old debate on cell division, finding that both polar relaxation and equatorial stimulation mechanisms exist in cells. This discovery may aid cancer research and provide insights into genetic diseases.
A new study reveals that dividing cells exhibit an unprecedented level of regulation, with over 1,000 proteins becoming highly phosphorylated. This discovery has significant implications for understanding cell cycle disorders and developing therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of California-Irvine have discovered that adult stem cells in the mammalian brain originate from ependymal cells lining the ventricles. These cells can be coaxed into dividing, providing a promising approach to treating neurological disorders and injuries such as Parkinson's disease and stroke.
A new study reveals that yeast mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cell division, with implications for treating human diseases. The research found that mitochondria can act as the 'command center' directing cell division, and that understanding this process could lead to therapeutic breakthroughs.
Researchers created a mathematical model of bacterial cell division in Caulobacter crescentus, confirming existing hypotheses and identifying gaps in understanding. The model demonstrates the role of computation in biology and provides a framework for testing predictions and simulating mutant bacteria.
Researchers found significant developmental variation in vulva development across nearly 50 species of roundworms. The results show that evolutionary changes are unidirectional and orderly, contradicting the idea of random evolution.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a mathematical tool that computed the mechanical force exerted by the Z-ring when it helps bacteria cells split. The calculation revealed a surprisingly small force of 8 piconewtons, which could aid scientists in developing new antibiotics and understanding cell division.
Scientists have identified a key gene called Bub 1 that plays a critical role in normal cell division, and deactivating it has been shown to prevent cells from dividing successfully. The team hopes that targeting this gene may selectively kill cancer cells and develop new treatments.
A trio of enzymes regulates cell size in bacteria by sensing nutrient availability, with disruptions leading to defects in chromosome segregation. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind uncontrolled growth in cancer cells.
Montréal researchers have identified a novel cellular protein complex targeted by HIV-1 Vpr to stop infected cell division. This discovery may lead to the development of a new class of drugs to combat HIV.
Chromosome condensation, essential for successful cell division, begins early but continues late, acting as a safety net against separation defects. The EMBL researchers discovered that an enzyme called Aurora kinase is crucially involved in this process.
Researchers uncovered new details about how proteins orchestrate cell division and how curcumin boosts the immune system to fight cancer. Additionally, scientists provided new insights into the toxic effects of tau protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered that environmental changes can trigger dormant capacities in cells, allowing them to suddenly change their behavior. This phenomenon is made possible by the dynamic nature of nucleosomes and their ability to carry chemical modifications that control DNA expression.
Researchers provide new insights into how a key protein used to fight viruses works, raising hopes for improved treatments against viral infection. Additionally, heart stem cells are shown to be unaffected by acute heart failure, making them available for cardiac recovery. A chemical called thioredoxin also helps prevent loss of neuron...
Research by Nicholas Foulkes and colleagues found that peripheral clocks require cortisol to generate daily rhythms of cell proliferation. Constant levels of cortisol can restore normal cell-division rhythms in cortisol-deficient strains.
Researchers identified 50 genes that interfere with genetic activities of genes causing uncontrolled cell division. These genes work by producing proteins that directly attach to cell-division genes, hindering their activity.
The Rong Li lab team has identified a crucial pathway controlling asymmetric meiotic cell division in mouse oocytes, allowing for genomic reduction while maintaining essential building blocks. This finding provides insights into the molecular signals driving egg maturation and its significance for reproductive health.
A study published in Cell reveals that microtubules rely on a balance between molecular motors and brakes to form stable structures. This cooperation enables the creation of microtubule arrays with defined lengths, which is crucial for basic cellular functions such as cell division and transport.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that the disorderly protein p27 participates in its own destruction by dislodging a phosphate tag from CDK2, allowing it to trigger cell division. Abnormal kinases can prematurely release p27, leading to cancer.
Researchers have identified a new key step in how the Polo kinase enzyme functions, confirming its potential as a target for anti-cancer drug development. The study sheds light on how the enzyme helps cells divide and multiply in an uncontrolled manner to form tumors.
Joel Rosenbaum's research has made significant advances in understanding the assembly, maintenance and function of cilia and flagella, leading to a deeper understanding of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). His work has also revealed the importance of primary non-motile cilia in signaling pathways.
Researchers found cells about to divide and kidney-shaped structures within ancient embryos, suggesting sophisticated mechanisms for differential cell division timing and embryonic cell lineage differentiation. The discovery challenges previous claims about the evolutionary relationships of these early animals.
Scientists at the Salk Institute discovered a link between cell size and growth in algae, which may provide new clues to cancer. They found that cells need specific proteins to divide on schedule once they reach a critical size.
A team of NYU biologists has identified a gene, mel-28, that plays a crucial role in coordinating two cellular processes: chromosome segregation and nuclear envelope function. The study, published in Current Biology, used functional genomic tools to reveal the dual role of mel-28 in these processes.
Researchers at EMBL have identified a microRNA called bantam as the key regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, which controls cell division and death. Without bantam, tissues grow too slowly and remain smaller than normal.
Researchers have discovered a protein complex called Smc5/6 that plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA and untangling chromosomes before cell division. The complex is involved in two distinct pathways, one for repair and the other for untangling, and its function has significant implications for understanding genetic stability.
DNA damage resets the cellular circadian clock, suggesting a link between circadian timing and cancer. The study implies that the biological clock has a protective dimension in addition to its pacemaker functions.
MIT researchers have discovered that tumor cells become aneuploid due to subtle errors in microtubule attachment. The study sheds light on the role of checkpoint proteins and their interaction with APC and EB1 molecules in maintaining normal cell division.
Researchers at LSUHSC discovered unique RNAs in centrosomes that govern cell division and genetic stability. The findings have broad implications for understanding eukaryotic evolution and potentially developing new cancer treatments.
Researchers discovered that eliminating checkpoint proteins in microscopic worms increased their lifespan by 15-30%. This finding raises questions about the potential link between genetic variations in checkpoint proteins and cancer risk in humans. The study opens new avenues of inquiry into aging and cancer prevention.
Researchers have found that the number of senescent cells increases exponentially with age, with TIF-positive cells making up about 4% of connective tissue in young monkeys and 20% in older ones. The study confirms the importance of telomeres in aging and suggests a strong link between aging cells and body.
Researchers at Yale have identified a new cellular structure, Centrin2, involved in duplicating the Golgi apparatus as cells prepare to divide. This process is crucial for distributing newly-made proteins to different membranes in the cell.
Researchers found that cells with double genomes are more prone to generating tumors in mice, and these tumors show genomic instability similar to many human cancers. Inaccurate chromosome segregation can also lead to the formation of tetraploid cells, which contribute to cancer development.