Articles tagged with Cellular Energy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study reveals that protein SCAF1 regulates mitochondrial energy production by optimizing the assembly of ETC complexes. In its absence, energy efficiency is reduced and physical activity capacity is impaired.
Researchers have identified a small mitochondrial uncoupler called BAM15 that decreases body fat mass in mice without affecting food intake or muscle mass. The molecule also shows promise in reducing insulin resistance and oxidative stress associated with obesity and related diseases.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a technique to analyze the energies of 'hot' electrons, which could lead to more efficient energy conversion in solar panels and other applications. The method uses a scanning tunneling microscope integrated with lasers and optical components.
Researchers found that double-sided solar panels combined with single-axis tracking technology are the most cost-effective solution, producing almost 35% more energy than traditional systems. This combination reduces electricity costs by an average of 16%.
Researchers have created a two-component bioelectrode using biological components from nature, improving the efficiency of sunlight conversion into electrical energy. The new design enables the use of twice as many photons within the green gap, compared to previous systems.
A Max Planck research team led by Tobias Erb developed an artificial chloroplast platform capable of capturing and converting greenhouse gas carbon dioxide with light. The system, created using synthetic biology and microfluidics, outperforms previous synthetic-biological approaches in binding rates for carbon dioxide.
Researchers develop synthetic chloroplasts using microfluidics and spinach thylakoid membranes to mimic complex natural photosynthetic processes. The system enables light-powered CO2 fixation with potential applications in small-molecule synthesis and carbon sequestration.
Researchers found a connection between HHV-6 exposure and ME/CFS symptoms, showing how efforts to boost immune system come at physiological cost. The study provides an explanation for the common observation that ME/CFS patients report fewer viral infections after developing the disease.
A protein sensor called MICU1 restricts sugar and fat conversion in cells during starvation, but could be fine-tuned to promote more conversion in people with metabolic conditions. This discovery offers a potential solution for cardiovascular- and metabolic syndrome-related diseases.
Researchers discovered a rescue route that enables cells to repair damage to complex I in mitochondria, a highly sensitive component. This self-help mechanism is more energy-efficient than rebuilding the entire complex and acts as a safety valve to prevent harmful reactive oxygen species.
Scientists created a model that represents a cell with two sensors responding to its environment. They tested various questions, including the impact of energy consumption and sensor interactions on cell sensitivity. The study found that these factors are not always crucial for high sensitivity, and noise levels play a significant role.
UCI researchers successfully transplanted healthy mitochondria into cardiomyocytes, boosting cellular energy and improving bioenergetics indices. The study's findings suggest a potential method to mitigate cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have identified a key mechanism to clear damaged mitochondria, which contributes to age-related decline in muscle function. The study suggests that activating AMPK with drugs or exercise may stimulate mitochondrial clearance, keeping muscles healthy and prolonging physical capabilities.
A new study reveals that plants transfer excess energy from chlorophyll to carotenoids, which release it as heat, preventing photodamage. This discovery could help scientists develop new ways to improve crop yields by understanding the natural photoprotection system of plants.
Researchers found that mild mitochondrial depolarization minimizes damage from reactive oxygen species and serves an anti-aging function in naked mole rats and bats. This process involves the shuttle of ATP and ADP through the mitochondrial membrane to certain kinase metabolic sites.
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München identified a signaling pathway enabling mitochondria to transmit distress signals to the surrounding cytosol. This pathway involves enzymes OMA1 and DELE1, which trigger cellular responses to stress, potentially opening new therapeutic approaches for age-related diseases.
Scientists have created an ultrathin organic solar cell with a high energy conversion ratio of 13% and long-term storage stability. The research used a simple post-annealing process to increase durability, achieving both efficiency and longevity.
Researchers have successfully created translucent solar cells with a high efficiency level of 12.2%, solving issues of flexibility and transparency. The development paves the way for integrating solar cells into everyday infrastructure, such as energy-generating vehicles and buildings made from glass.
Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a low-cost solar cell with one of the highest power-conversion efficiencies to date by layering perovskite cells on top of silicon cells. The new technology increases efficiency by up to 27% and is more affordable than current silicon-based cells.
Researchers from Uppsala University have developed new indoor photovoltaic cells that can harness and convert indoor light into electricity, enabling self-powered IoT devices.
A new study suggests that increasing energy supply within injured spinal cord nerves could promote axon regrowth and restore motor functions. Researchers found that enhancing mitochondrial transport helped remove damaged mitochondria from injured axons, replenishing undamaged ones to rescue the energy crisis.
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine discovered that boosting energy levels in damaged nerve fibers can promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Deleting a protein anchor in the mitochondria also improved motor functions.
The Korea Institute of Energy Research has successfully developed a lightweight and flexible CIGS thin-film solar cell on polymer substrate with an efficiency of 20.4%, surpassing the existing highest efficiency of 20.8%. The researchers introduced a new low-temperature film formation technology to enhance device efficiencies.
Researchers found cancer cells can override mechanical regulation of energy use by sequestering TRIM21 protein, preventing its degradation and keeping metabolism high. This discovery could help understand how cancer cells adapt to their environment and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
New research reveals how glacier algae thrive in extreme icy environments and cause widespread darkening of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The algae produce a phenolic pigment that captures sunlight energy for melt generation, driving surface melt increases by up to 10%.
Researchers discovered that inner mitochondrial membranes constantly change their structure every few seconds in living cells, increasing energy performance. This dynamic adaptation process is enabled by the MICOS complex and allows cristae membranes to exist as isolated vesicles before re-fusing with the inner membrane.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science have developed a novel technology to measure thermal energy conversion efficiency. This innovation can shed light on the processes of energy-converting systems like leaves during photosynthesis, improving the understanding of energy transfer in plants and solar cells.
A recent study at BESSY II used X-ray microscopy to investigate how nanoparticles interact with cells. Researchers found that nanoparticles can change the number and type of cell organelles, such as increasing mitochondria and decreasing lipid droplets. This suggests that different nanoparticle coatings may have similar effects on cells.
A new study models the potential of semitransparent organic solar cells to power greenhouses, finding that many can become energy neutral in warm or temperate climates. The technology allows greenhouses to generate energy from unused light while minimizing impact on plant growth.
A new consensus statement has been established to assess and report the stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. The agreement aims to improve reproducibility in studies by providing a set of testing procedures specific to this technology, including light-dark-cycling and intrinsic stability testing.
Researchers at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have identified quinone molecules in the C ring of ATP synthase, a molecular machine that produces energy-conserving compound ATP. The discovery opens up new avenues for understanding how cells store and utilize energy.
Scientists have created an alloy that generates hydrogen on demand, enabling the use of portable fuel cells. The innovative method uses a gallium-indium-tin-bismuth alloy to produce hydrogen when combined with water and aluminum.
UK scientists have discovered a potential new treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer by targeting energy production in cells, leading to an irreversible build-up of calcium and cell death. The approach involves inhibiting a specific enzyme called PKM2, which fuels calcium pumps on the cell surface.
A scientist has described the details of an enzyme that mimics Maxwell's demon, enabling efficient energy transformation and cellular regulation. This discovery sheds light on how biological processes create information, a fundamental aspect of life.
The CSU team aims to improve the performance of cadmium telluride solar cells by tackling efficiency problems associated with the back contact layer, currently a bottleneck in widespread adoption. They hope to achieve a 25% light-to-energy efficiency with an improved back contact architecture.
A German-American research team has discovered a new metabolic pathway in the rumen microbiome of ruminants that allows the bacteria to adapt to extreme fluctuations in sodium content. This adaptation enables the production of ATP through two different respiratory circuits, one requiring sodium ions and the other using hydrogen ions.
Researchers have uncovered how histone chaperones use chemical energy to assemble chromatin, a critical process in gene expression regulation. The discovery sheds light on the misregulation of chromatin structures and their role in developmental disorders and cancers.
Researchers discovered that thiol redox switches play a central role in enabling energy release efficiently during seed germination. These molecular switches kick-start mitochondrial energy metabolism, allowing seeds to conserve stored energy reserves for years or even centuries.
A compound in green tea has been shown to inhibit the growth of tuberculosis-causing bacteria by disrupting energy production. The discovery could lead to the development of new drugs to combat multi-drug resistant TB.
Researchers discovered that bacteria can degrade solid bedrock by oxidizing iron and extracting energy from it. The study found that these microorganisms use proteins on their outer surface to move electrons, allowing them to 'munch' rocks without taking minerals into their cells.
Researchers discovered that specific immune T cells from people with ME/CFS exhibit disruptions in energy production, suggesting changes in the immune system. The study found decreased levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial function in affected cells, potentially providing clues to understanding the mechanisms underlying ME/CFS.
A team of researchers from Tokyo Tech has developed a novel memory device that can switch between three states using nickel-based layers, leading to extremely low energy consumption and faster performance. The device is inspired by solid lithium-ion batteries and boasts a miniature battery-like architecture.
The humidity digester, developed by Singapore researchers, can absorb more than four times its weight of water from humid air. It reduces relative humidity by 12 percent and generates a low current under ambient light, making it a potential replacement for air conditioners.
The study reveals how bacteria's V1 motor converts chemical energy into mechanical rotation, similar to a well pump. Understanding this mechanism may lead to the development of highly efficient, man-made motors for implantable batteries or artificial electric eels.
The new invention can efficiently convert low-grade heat to electricity, reducing greenhouse gas emission and cutting primary energy wastage. The Direct Thermal Charging Cell (DTCC) boasts a conversion efficiency of over 3.5%, surpassing existing technologies.
Researchers have determined the atomic model of mitochondrial ATP synthase in a single-cell photosynthetic organism, Euglena gracilis. The study reveals new insights into the structure and function of this essential energy production machinery.
Scientists from NTU and UG have developed a method to identify the best pairs of materials in next-generation perovskite solar cells, which can capture more electricity. The new technique uses extremely fast lasers to observe how an energy barrier forms when perovskite is joined with a material that extracts electrical charges.
Arizona State University received five prestigious Department of Energy awards totaling $9.8 million to advance solar energy research and development. The funding will support projects to lower solar electricity costs, boost manufacturing, and make solar systems more resilient.
Researchers successfully simulated every atom of a light-harvesting structure in a photosynthetic bacterium, revealing how it converts sunlight into chemical energy. The study confirms physics drives biology at the atomic scale, informing future studies of complex energy-generating organelles.
Researchers have solved the structure of cytochrome b6f, a protein complex that powers plant growth via photosynthesis. The discovery reveals new insights into how the complex regulates photosynthetic efficiency in response to environmental conditions.
Researchers at Lund University have found that 30% of energy in certain light-absorbing iron molecules disappears unexpectedly. To improve efficiency, they aim to close this loophole by exploring methods for extracting all the energy from these molecules.
Researchers have identified a new bacteria-killing toxin that depletes cells of ATP, leading to bacterial death. This discovery holds potential for developing alternatives to antibiotics and addressing antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers have developed a lithium ion battery design that can charge an electric vehicle in just 10 minutes, increasing its driving range. The design uses elevated temperatures to increase reaction rates and keeps the cell cool during discharge, eliminating the risk of lithium plating and improving cycle life.
Researchers achieved high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells by designing a highly crystalline donor-acceptor interface. The V_oc was found to increase with increasing acceptor layer crystallinity, resulting in reduced energy loss and improved efficiency.
A stretchable and flexible biofuel cell has been developed to power wearable electronics using human sweat. The device continuously lights an LED and opens avenues for the development of reliable and efficient energy sources. Researchers are now seeking to amplify the voltage provided by the biofuel cell to power larger portable devices.
The DGIST research team has developed a flexible CZTSSe thin-film solar cell with an unprecedented efficiency of 11.4%, breaking the previous record. This achievement enables mass production using eco-friendly materials, making it easier to commercialize and apply in various fields like wearables, buildings, and automobiles.
Researchers at the University of Groningen constructed a synthetic metabolic network for physicochemical homeostasis, producing ATP in synthetic vesicles. The system uses arginine and ornithine to maintain ionic balance and drive metabolic processes.
Researchers discovered that inhibiting tanycytic TSPO increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. This finding suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases like obesity.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed organic solar cells that can harness indoor light to produce electricity. The cells achieve high energy efficiency, with some variants converting up to 26.1% of ambient light into electricity.
Researchers designed a quinoxaline-based acceptor that enables efficient organic solar cells with low energy losses. The devices achieved high power conversion efficiencies and improved short-circuit current, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage.