Articles tagged with Cellular Energy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have successfully determined the strength of exciton-phonon coupling in 2D materials at room temperature, a crucial step towards optimizing their applications. This breakthrough was achieved using a novel method called coherent 2D microscopy, which combines high spatial resolution with femtosecond time resolution.
A study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology found that some energy drinks have adverse effects on the muscle cells of the heart. Cardiomyocytes exposed to these beverages showed an increased beat rate and other factors affecting cardiac function.
Researchers at NUST MISIS developed a new structure for perovskite solar cells using MXenes, increasing power conversion efficiency to over 19%. The modified cells show superior performance and improved stabilized power output compared to reference devices.
Researchers from INRS identify a protein called interleukin-21 that restores mitochondrial energy metabolism in immune cells, potentially leading to improved treatment options for HIV patients. The study also explores its applications in other diseases associated with persistent inflammation.
The production of post-lithium-ion batteries faces significant challenges, requiring intensive research and development activities to develop new manufacturing competences and machines. Currently, the vast majority of production capacities for alternative battery technologies, such as solid batteries or lithium-sulphur batteries, are n...
Researchers find that using metformin can restore a healthier balance between immune cell subtypes, inhibiting chronic inflammation and improving outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients. The study suggests a potential new therapy approach to reduce TBI damage and promote recovery.
Oligodendrocytes form a key part of the brain's energy supply network, working alongside astrocytes to transport energy-rich compounds to synapses. Without this network, neurons can't communicate effectively.
Researchers found that better glucose uptake in the brain compensates for age-related deterioration, leading to longer life. Improved neuronal glucose uptake also coupled with dietary restrictions showed enhanced lifespans.
A team of scientists has discovered that the mechanical events of a molecular motor precede biochemical events in force generation. This finding challenges the long-held view that biochemical events gate the force-generating event, and could lead to new treatments for conditions like heart failure and cancer.
Cryo-EM studies have identified different types of ATP synthase organization, including a symmetry-deviated dimer and hexamer assemblies. These structures shape the bioenergetic membrane and are critical for maintaining bioenergetics in Apicomplexa.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a cheaper and more efficient way to conduct a chemical reaction that converts sugar into biofuels. The new method uses less expensive and simpler helper molecules, or cofactors, which are essential for energy conversion in cells.
Organic solar cells have improved efficiency by up to 18.3% with the use of diquat, a molecular dopant created through electrochemical reduction. This breakthrough increases optical absorption and charge lifetime, paving the way for more efficient energy conversion.
New research from Johns Hopkins Medicine has uncovered that greater obesity seems to make muscle contraction much weaker in this very common form of heart failure. The study found that in patients with severe obesity, the force response to high calcium was reduced by 40%, suggesting that obesity is the key factor.
A team of scientists developed a semi-artificial electrode that converts light energy into other forms of energy in biosolar cells. The system uses the photosynthesis protein Photosystem I from cyanobacteria to couple with an enzyme that produces hydrogen.
WSU researchers create a microbial fuel cell system that substitutes for oxygen in wastewater treatment, removing contaminants at comparable rates. The system generates electricity while cleaning water, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
Brown fat, a biological fuel that increases metabolic rate and decreases fat storage, continues to grow and divide after birth, according to Masonic Medical Research Institute researchers. This finding has major implications, as scientists can try to increase brown fat cells to prevent or reduce obesity.
Researchers from Incheon National University develop a novel catalyst with a protective carbon shell that selectively prevents undesired reactions in methanol fuel cells. The study showcases improved performance and stability over commercial platinum catalysts.
A new study by UC Riverside and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has revealed how bacteria control metabolic intermediates, enabling more efficient biofuel production. By understanding this regulation, scientists can design cells that produce desired chemicals while preventing excessive buildup of unwanted products.
Scientists have developed a procedure, SCENITH, that identifies the energy status of immune and cancer cells within tumors to personalize treatment. This method uses protein synthesis as an indicator of cell activity, enabling clinicians to predict patient response and improve therapy efficacy.
A team led by Prof. Christoph Brabec has developed a system to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells. By using luminescent acceptor molecules, they achieved an impressive 12.6% efficiency record in a recent study published in Nature Energy.
A team of engineers at Polytechnique Montréal has created a fabric using additive manufacturing that absorbs up to 96% of impact energy without breaking. The innovative design, inspired by spider webs, can be incorporated into glass panels to prevent shattering on impact.
Scientists have developed transparent photovoltaic devices using thin silicon films, enabling efficient power generation. The devices utilize ultraviolet light and can generate electricity even under low-light conditions.
A new study reveals the precise energies at which secondary electrons produce certain biomolecule fragments when living cells are irradiated with heavy ions. The research could lead to more effective cancer therapies by understanding how biomolecules such as DNA are damaged by ionising radiation.
Researchers found that statins increase energy production in blood cells despite causing muscle pain. The study challenges the theory that statins lower energy levels and suggests different effects on various parts of the body.
The study found that CADD522 targets mitochondrial metabolism, decreasing oxygen consumption rate and ATP production, and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. This inhibition contributes to the suppression of tumor growth in breast cancer cells.
Engineers at the University of Bath have demonstrated the potential of soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) to purify water in field tests in North-East Brazil. SMFCs can generate energy from microorganisms naturally present in soil, which are able to transfer electrons outside their cells.
Scientists have discovered that ionization energy is more crucial than electron affinity in determining the efficiency of organic solar cells. This finding allows for precise design rules to be derived, aiming to maximize solar cell efficiency and potentially leading to transparent solar cells with high efficiency.
A new study by Tokyo Institute of Technology researchers shows that simple environmental reactions can form reactive thioesters similar to those used in modern biology. The reaction uses a thioacid and sulfur-containing thiol compounds, and may have served as a starting point for the evolution of more complex biochemistry.
Researchers found that mammalian lipid droplets play a crucial role in organizing and supporting intracellular immune responses against microbial pathogens. The structures help drive metabolic shifts within cells toward an environment more conducive to host defense.
Researchers have reengineered current collectors to make batteries lighter, safer, and about 20% more efficient. The new design uses a lightweight polymer and fireproofing, reducing the risk of fires and explosions.
During annual migration, bats selectively suppress cellular immune responses and favour non-cellular humoral immunity to conserve energy. This strategy helps them survive the strenuous journeys of up to 2,000 km.
Researchers have discovered that female mosquitoes use four distinct types of neurons to detect the unique flavor of human blood, which may lead to new methods for preventing mosquito-borne illnesses. By studying these taste neurons, scientists hope to develop a drug or treatment that could deter mosquitoes from biting humans.
Researchers have identified separate brain pathways for good and bad coughs, potentially leading to new treatments for chronic cough disorders. The study used functional brain imaging to assess cough reflex sensitivity and identified two distinct neural circuits involved in coughing.
Researchers found that a series of chemical reactions control a feedback loop that senses energy need and replenishes it by recruiting cellular powerplants to synapses. This mechanism sustains synaptic efficacy in neurons controlling thoughts, feelings, and movements.
Researchers at KAUST developed semiconductive photocatalysts that efficiently absorb solar energy, reducing the energy required for a bioelectrochemical process to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals. The technology has the potential to reduce carbon emissions while generating useful products.
Researchers have discovered that mitochondrial RNA's are packaged into tiny liquid droplets that can fuse together and break apart, providing insight into the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genetics. This finding is crucial for understanding how cells produce energy and has implications for diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria.
Researchers Leonid Sazanov and his team at IST Austria have solved the mystery of how complex I transports protons across the mitochondrial membrane. They discovered a water wire plays a crucial role in proton transfer, with conformational changes and electrostatic waves facilitating the movement of four protons per cycle.
Researchers at Center for BrainHealth used 7-Tesla MRS to differentiate energy molecules in the brains of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a condition that may lead to Alzheimer's disease. The findings could help develop tests for early detection and treatment of Alzheimer's.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that cheater mitochondria can thrive in simple worms by exploiting cellular stress coping mechanisms. This finding sheds light on the evolution of cheating and cooperative behaviors within organisms, suggesting that competing selection pressures may promote group-level tolerance to cheating.
Researchers have solved the structure of F1Fo ATP synthase, shedding light on its rotation mechanism and permeability transition pore formation. The fully resolved structure reveals the c-ring is plugged by two lipids, one from each side of the membrane.
Researchers at KIST have developed high-efficiency large-area organic photovoltaics by controlling solvent evaporation rates, achieving 30% higher power conversion efficiency than existing photovoltaics. This breakthrough enables the creation of practical solar cell technology for future energy self-sufficiency and eco-friendly energy ...
Scientists from DGIST have developed a novel betavoltaic cell with dye-sensitized electrons, achieving high radiation-to-current conversion efficiency. This innovation offers promising opportunities for small, durable, and efficient nuclear batteries.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology developed ultrathin organic solar cells using inkjet printing, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 4.73 percent and paving the way for flexible, lightweight energy harvesting in various applications.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that inhibiting the PHD3 enzyme improves mouse exercise capacity, running distance, and VO2 max. This finding sheds light on a key mechanism for fat metabolism and offers clues toward understanding muscle function and fitness.
Two mitochondrial apolipoproteins, APOO/MIC26 and APOOL/MIC27, regulate mitochondrial protein complex stability and are associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The study reveals the importance of cardiolipin and crista junctions in maintaining cellular respiration.
Researchers have observed a significant increase in the photothermoelectric effect in silicon nanoribbons, benefiting from optimization processes and multiphysics modeling. This breakthrough has potential applications for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency by harnessing hot carrier energy.
Researchers at Goethe University have isolated an ancient enzyme that enables early bacteria to produce energy without oxygen. The Rnf enzyme functions like a pumped-storage power plant, generating electricity and producing ATP.
A new UCL study using brain imaging found that paying attention increases energy use in the brain, while diverting energy from unattended tasks. The brain has a hard limit on energy supply, which can lead to feelings of overwhelm and neglect of important information.
Researchers at Cornell University have found that photovoltaic wafers made from all-perovskite structures outperform traditional silicon-based solar panels. This breakthrough could lead to a more sustainable future for solar energy, with perovskite cells offering faster returns on investment and lower environmental impacts.
Researchers at KAIST discovered that tweaking roundworm proteins can boost lifespan and activate AMPK, a key player in cellular energy monitoring. This mechanism may be applied to developing longevity-promoting drugs for humans.
A team of researchers has identified a cellular mechanism that inhibits the signal to proliferate and starves malignant cells, leading to their death. The study uses a sea sponge-derived molecule XeB to block calcium ion transport, impacting cancer cell metabolism and leading to high cell death rates.
Scientists developed a customizable smart window prototype that maximizes design across various criteria, balancing energy usage with lighting and temperature preferences. The approach uses comprehensive physical models and advanced computational techniques to optimize window designs for optimal energy efficiency.
UQ researchers have solved a 50-year-old enzyme mystery, revealing the complete structure of an essential amino acid synthesizing enzyme. This discovery could lead to the development of new herbicides and antimicrobial agents, potentially restoring effective treatment options for infections such as tuberculosis and invasive Candida.
Researchers have discovered a crucial connection between calcium, energy production, and cardiolipin in heart muscles affected by Barth syndrome. This understanding may lead to new insights into the disease's symptoms and treatment options.
Neurobiologists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München found the brain requires disproportionate amounts of oxygen for energy consumption. The study directly correlates oxygen consumption with nerve cell activity, showing that only about 50% of oxygen is used for nerve cell function.
A team of scientists investigated the structure and function of a key protein called IsiA in cyanobacteria. They found that IsiA acts as an energy harvester and donor, transferring captured energy to the trimeric core of PSI. The study provides important insights into photosynthetic energy transfer mechanisms.
Scientists have uncovered new structural details of an aquatic microorganism's LHCI-PSI complex, shedding light on the energy harvesting and transfer process. The discovery highlights unique features of diatom proteins, which can inform the development of efficient solar-energy utilization devices.
Barth syndrome is a rare condition with shortened life expectancy due to heart weakness. A recent study found that impaired mitochondrial energy production, specifically the interaction between MCU and cardiolipin, contributes to the pathology of the disease.
Researchers discovered that anammox bacteria can transfer electrons to solid-state matter outside their cells, bypassing traditional electron acceptors. This breakthrough has significant implications for sustainable wastewater treatment, energy production, and the global nitrogen cycle.
Researchers discovered that looking at deep red light for three minutes a day can significantly improve declining eyesight in people over 40. The study found improvements in rod and cone sensitivity, with significant gains in color contrast sensitivity, particularly in the blue part of the spectrum.