A new TanSat XCO2 global product has been introduced to support estimation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in cities. The updated dataset shows improved accuracy, reducing the dispersion between retrieval methods to 1.28 ppmv, with a -0.35 ppmv overall bias.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a genetic engineering method to prevent Toxoplasma gondii parasite production, which causes toxoplasmosis. The new technique uses CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing scissors to switch off essential genes responsible for oocyst formation without leaving unwanted traces.
A new study found that people in rural areas are less likely to receive specialty care from neurologists, with those living in urban areas more likely to see a specialist for common conditions like dementia and stroke. However, telemedicine can help extend neurological services to underserved areas.
Researchers propose that a family of transporter proteins, including ABCA1, enabled vertebrates to thrive on land and develop complex body structures. The protein regulated cholesterol levels, allowing for the development of sophisticated biological processes.
Researchers found that almost two-thirds of light smokers (1-4 cigarettes/day) and a quarter of those smoking less than weekly were addicted. The study suggests that clinicians should consider lighter smokers for treatment, as they may still require assistance to quit.
A genomic study reveals four distinct genetic clusters of weedy seadragons in NSW, Victoria, and Tasmania, suggesting the Victorian population may form a subspecies. The findings highlight the need for conservation management to account for these distinct populations.
Scientists at Tel Aviv University have developed a new gene therapy that replaces the genetic defect causing deafness in mice. The treatment enabled cells to continue functioning normally, preventing gradual deterioration of hearing.
Researchers at Umeå University discovered a photosynthetic shortcut in pine trees that allows them to stay green year-round. This mechanism, called spill-over, enables the transfer of energy directly between photosystems I and II, protecting the plant from damage caused by excess light energy.
Researchers found that a homogeneous population distribution reduces total infected individuals, while diverse contact frequencies can significantly decrease the number of infected. The optimal degree-based procedure involves lifting strict quarantine after high-degree nodes have acquired immunity, minimizing net infected individuals.
A standardized tool for assessing chest pain risk was associated with comparable care for high-risk women, while low- and intermediate-risk women received consistent care with guidelines. Despite less care, women had fewer reports of heart attacks or death within 30 days compared to men.
A massive paleo-tsunami struck near ancient Tel Dor between 9,910 to 9,290 years ago, erasing evidence of low-lying coastal villages in the area. The tsunami deposit was discovered through underwater excavation and modeling, with estimated wave heights ranging from 16 to 40 meters.
A study found relatively high levels of clovamide in disease-resistant chocolate tree leaves, a potential contributor to resistance against black pod rot. The discovery could lead to novel breeding programs and streamline the breeding process using a 'marker-assisted selection' approach.
Researchers at Aalto University developed a new way to break the reciprocity law by changing material properties periodically. This breakthrough could lead to efficient nonreciprocal devices, such as compact isolators and circulators, for next-generation communication systems.
The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence has developed initiatives to address the unique challenges faced by cancer patients during COVID-19. The center provides guidance and support to healthcare professionals, enabling them to provide high-quality cancer care despite the pandemic's impact.
A study found that the thymus produces specialized cells called 'Tregs' during pregnancy to deal with physiological changes. RANK, a receptor expressed in the thymus epithelium, is the key molecule behind this mechanism.
Researchers describe a physical phenomenon in quantum dots and nanoscale materials using new mathematical formulas. The theories predict electrons interact through two different ways, contributing to the Kondo effect.
Researchers used machine learning to redesign a bacterial protein into a highly sensitive sensor that can monitor brain serotonin levels in real time. The new sensor detected subtle changes in serotonin signaling during sleep, fear, and social interactions, as well as testing the effectiveness of new psychoactive drugs.
Researchers used a special backpack to monitor brain waves while participants walked around an empty room, finding hidden spots. The study found that brain waves flowed in a distinct pattern suggesting the brain mapped out physical space and boundaries.
Tohoku University scientists created a miniaturized pH probe to investigate deep brain structures' chemical signals. The probe detects subtle pH fluctuations, which can reveal the influence of acidity on brain function and dysfunction in diseases like mental illness and seizures.
A new rhesus macaque reference genome has been established, identifying over 85 million genetic variants, the largest database of its kind. This will support detailed analyses of fundamental questions in molecular genetics and help find naturally occurring models of genetic disorders.
The Caspian Sea is shrinking due to climate change, with water levels falling by 9-18 meters in the coming century. This has significant consequences for biodiversity, species habitats, and bordering countries' economies.
Scientists at University of Colorado Boulder develop new compound JD1 that targets Gram-negative bacteria by exploiting innate immune response, reducing survival and spread by 95%. Further studies underway to explore compounds like JD1 for commercialization.
Studies reveal that income level, employment, housing location, medical insurance, education, tobacco and alcohol use, diet and obesity, access to medical care are common causes of poorer outcomes in both Black patients with cancer and COVID-19 patients.
Wistar scientists have discovered a new class of compounds that combine direct antibiotic killing with a rapid immune response to combat antimicrobial resistance. These dual-acting immuno-antibiotics target an essential bacterial pathway and stimulate the adaptive immune system, showing promise in treating pan drug-resistant infections.
Researchers discovered SETD2 modifies actin cytoskeleton, regulating cell migration and autophagy. Defects in SETD2 lead to impaired delivery of chromosomes and separation of daughter cells during cell division.
Researchers have discovered that free-floating circular DNA fragments called ecDNA form in cancer cells and drive gene amplification to generate drug resistance. Combining chemotherapeutic drugs with molecules that prevent ecDNA formation can inhibit its emergence and reduce drug resistance.
Researchers discovered multiple mechanisms for atomization of fluids from rotatory instruments in dental procedures, allowing for controlled emissions. Eliminating pre-misting and using low rotation speeds resulted in significant reductions in small droplets.
The Phase 3 clinical trial showed a 30% improvement in survival for patients over 55 with AML. The drug, CC-486, significantly improved survival without impacting quality of life.
A study by Stanford Medicine researchers found that COVID-19 severity correlates with the proportion of antibodies targeting the virus's inner shell, not just the spike protein. This discovery raises concerns about re-infection and the need for repeated vaccinations to maintain a protective immune response.
Researchers used VR simulations to study goalkeepers' ability to stop free kicks, finding that defensive walls can block their view and impair performance. The study suggests that VR simulations could be useful in other sports, such as soccer.
Experts from MGH's Department of Medicine developed a language-concordant care approach based on best practices during the COVID-19 surge. The Spanish Language Care Group provided 24/7 cultural connection to vulnerable patients, highlighting the value of diversity and linguistic competency.
The Caspian Sea is projected to lose over a third of its surface area due to accelerating sea level drops, posing significant threats to unique ecosystems and millions of people living near the sea. Researchers urge immediate action to mitigate this problem, which could have devastating consequences like global sea level rise.
A new study combining archaeological work with genetic technology sheds light on the peopling of the Caribbean. The analysis of 263 ancient human genomes shows two major migratory waves in the region, revealing a highly mobile population with distant relatives often living on different islands.
UC Riverside scientists have received $4.67 million to breed new fruits with natural resistance to Huanglongbing, a lethal tree disease affecting citrus crops worldwide. The project aims to incorporate resistance into the trees themselves through breeding, providing a more sustainable alternative to commercial treatments.
New research found that pregnant women and newborns face elevated risks of severe COVID-19 due to lower-than-expected transfer of protective antibodies. The cause may be alterations to these antibodies after they're produced, which prevent their passage from mother to fetus.
Researchers found that the thymus produces Tregs specialized in dealing with physiological changes during pregnancy, preventing miscarriages. The study also shows that a deficiency of these cells leads to gestational diabetes and long-lasting effects on offspring.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh took snapshots of light using ultrafast microscopy, stopping it to observe its behavior. They discovered that light vortices can cause transitions in solid state materials, generating topologically distinct materials.
A study published in Nature reveals that the thymus gland plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and metabolic control during pregnancy. The researchers found that female sex hormones instruct changes in the thymus to produce specialized cells called Tregs, which help prevent miscarriage and gestational diabetes.
The LSA's 95th Annual Meeting features research on topics like prosodic focus in human- versus voice-AI-directed speech and linguistic measures of symptomatology in schizophrenia. Researchers also explore the bilingual dimensions of [s+] production in Latinx Miami drag culture.
A new explanation for Arctic rapid warming proposes that great earthquakes in the Aleutian Arc triggered the phenomenon. These events released methane from permafrost, leading to climate warming.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, children have difficulty reading emotions on masked faces, which can affect their social interactions. The study suggests that this inability may be more pronounced in everyday life.
Professor Andreas Walther receives EUR 2 million in EU funding to develop metabolic mechanical materials that can adapt, learn, and interact. The goal is to create a form of coevolution between synthetic materials and living cells, blurring the boundaries between animate and inanimate matter.
Researchers found that disposable surgical masks provide the best acoustic performance among tested masks, reducing high-frequency sound muffle and allowing speech to be heard clearly. Loosely woven cotton masks also perform well but may not block respiratory droplets as effectively.
A new study reveals that mussels, oysters, and scallops have the highest levels of microplastic contamination among seafood. The research found an average microplastic content of 0-10.5 microplastics per gram in molluscs, highlighting the need for standardised methods to measure microplastic contamination.
The Waray Dwarf Burrowing Snake is a new genus and species of snake found in the Philippines. The snake was discovered through molecular analysis and CT scanning, revealing unique features such as few vertebrae and adaptations for underground life.
The authors review future directions of nanomedicine development focusing on the mechanism of nanoparticle entry into tumors. Designing better nanoparticles to achieve efficient clinical transformation can be informed by a deep understanding of the mechanism of nanoparticle entry or the mode of action.
Researchers developed a multidimensional model of trophoblast motility using a functionalized gelatin hydrogel. The study revealed that EGF and TGF-beta1 play critical roles in modulating trophoblast motility, providing insights into implantation mechanisms during normal and complex pregnancies.
Researchers at Goethe University and the University of Oklahoma have successfully filmed a quantum wave in a helium dimer. The study uses an extremely powerful laser flash to twist the bond between two helium atoms, allowing them to observe and record the atom flying away as a wave.
Scientists have found a way to reduce ammonia synthesis temperatures using lanthanide oxyhydrides as a catalyst support for ruthenium. These materials enhance catalytic activity and stability, overcoming hydrogen poisoning issues.
A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 air contamination in hospitals revealed frequent viral RNA presence but low viable virus rates. High viral loads were detected in toilets, bathrooms, and public areas, emphasizing the importance of careful cleaning and disinfection.
A new study found that neurology patients with high-deductible health plans are more likely to have high out-of-pocket costs for diagnostic tests and office visits. Out-of-pocket costs for tests increased by up to 190% over a 15-year period, affecting the ability of patients to receive necessary care.
A recent study published by an Estonian-led international network found that social media is increasingly used as a primary channel for official news and information during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers recommend creating methods for fact-checking and releasing consistent results to combat misinformation.
A study at the Weizmann Institute of Science reveals microplastics are swept up into the atmosphere and carried on the wind to remote parts of the ocean. The findings suggest these minuscule fragments can harm marine environment and affect human health through the food chain.
Researchers have developed molecular reporters that reveal how immune cells strengthen brain tumors, making them more aggressive. The technology has the potential to guide therapy development and is applicable to various biological systems.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a method to create a sorbent from plastic waste that can remove imidacloprid, a widely used insecticide, from water. The sorbent, made from metal-organic frameworks, has been shown to be effective in removing up to 15 grams of insecticide per liter of water.
A new UCLA study suggests that our brains generate a common code to mark where other people are in relation to ourselves. The research, published in Nature, used brain electrodes to observe how patients navigated physical spaces and monitored others nearby.
In adult brains, astrocytes eliminate excessive and unnecessary synapses to maintain plasticity. This process is crucial for controlling synapse numbers and neural circuit maturation.
A triple drug combination of irinotecan, cetuximab, and vemurafenib has shown better tumor response rates and longer cancer-free periods compared to a two-drug combination in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The treatment targets the BRAF protein directly and blocks cancer growth by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor.
Research shows that mammals with larger brains tend to be less abundant in local areas than those with smaller brains. This is because bigger brains require more food and other resources, leading to a need for more space. Understanding which animals are most abundant in different areas is crucial for conservation.
Researchers found that chromothripsis breaks up chromosomes, leading to the formation of rearranged genomes and extra-chromosomal DNA that promotes cancer cell growth and drug resistance. This phenomenon enables cancer cells to evade treatment and become more aggressive.