An international team of scientists has developed a novel technique for a high-brightness coherent and few-cycle duration source spanning 7 optical octaves from the UV to the THz. This breakthrough enables future research on time-domain analysis of substances, opening new opportunities for multimodal measurement approaches.
Researchers studied a 40-year-old bunchgrass prairie in Montana and found that climate change is altering the ecosystem. Annual aboveground primary production increased by 110%, but plant composition changed with a 108% increase in invasive species, while dicot non-grass plants decreased by 65%.
A new study by the University of Hong Kong has experimentally proven the existence of Klein tunneling, where relativistic particles can pass through barriers with 100% transmission. This breakthrough has significant implications for fundamental physics and potential applications in sound manipulation and acoustic signal processing.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison psychologists shows that children can accurately identify emotions from faces covered by masks, suggesting they will adapt to real-life situations. The researchers found that even with parts of the face obscured, kids correctly identified emotions at a rate better than chance.
A new study decodes the molecular diversity of neurons in the zebrafish retina, identifying at least 32 different types of retinal ganglion cells. These cell types are linked to specific functions and behaviors, shedding light on how the brain processes visual stimuli.
Dr. Helen Genova will lead a three-year randomized controlled trial using virtual reality job training to improve social competency skills for individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, aiming to increase employment outcomes. The study is the first to use this program in this population.
A research group at Graz University of Technology is developing an interactive and adaptive health information system that uses machine learning and cognitive psychology to provide personalized content. The system aims to improve doctor-patient communication, enhance health literacy, and make decisions beneficial to users' health.
Scientists at Rice University developed hybrid particles combining plasmonic nanoparticles with flexible polymer coatings to harness light energy. The resulting nanoparticles deliver improved efficiency in transferring energy from the metal core to the coating.
Researchers developed a compound that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial function, without severe side effects. The compound prevents genetic information within mitochondria from being read, starving cancer cells into dying.
Astronomers observed a galaxy 12.8 billion light-years from Earth, revealing previously unseen details in its jet of material ejected at three-quarters the speed of light. The analysis supports theoretical models for blazar rarity in the early universe.
A new study by Berkeley Haas researchers reveals that altering holiday rituals can lead to strong moral outrage, as people resist even minor changes due to the importance of tradition and group values. The study suggests that public officials should focus on changing rituals in ways that still allow people to celebrate these values.
A study by Ben-Gurion University researchers found that digital 'foot-in-the-door' techniques can entice users to reveal more of their private information. By manipulating the presentation order and spreading out requests over multiple pages, websites can increase sign-up rates and capture more data.
The BioAFMviewer software allows for the computational emulation of AFM scanning on any biomolecular structure, generating simulated graphics and movies. This facilitates the comparison of high-resolution structural data with AFM results, aiding in the analysis and interpretation of experimental outcomes.
Researchers analyzed gene expression in the brains of thousands of individual honey bees to find consistent differences between foragers and egg-layers. The study identified 15 transcription factors that explained behavioral differences, suggesting changes in these genes can lead to strikingly different behavior.
Researchers developed a new microscopy method to visualize the building blocks of 'smart' materials being formed at the nanoscale. The technique, called VC-LCTEM, allows scientists to see the reaction taking place in real time, enabling them to understand how to speed up and control the process.
A new study by Washington State University researchers found that chronic cannabis use significantly dampens stress reactivity in female rats, but not males. The study suggests there may be significant differences in how chronic cannabis use affects males and females.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a protein called BLMP-1 that coordinates gene activity in response to environmental changes. The protein pauses development when nutrients are scarce and resumes it when conditions improve.
The molecules generated at the University of Bonn have a trapezoidal arrangement of bonding partners around the silicon atom, which is energetically unfavorable. Despite this, they are found to be extremely stable and can be stored for weeks without degradation.
A new UCPH study highlights significant trends affecting the world's forests, including drought, viral outbreaks, and vast infrastructure expansions. These trends pose severe consequences on forests and humans alike, emphasizing the need for prioritized forest conservation strategies.
Global greenhouse gas emissions could drop by 6.6 gigatons of carbon due to COVID-19 lockdowns, but recovery funding could offset gains if spent on polluting sectors. Stimulus packages targeting innovation and renewable energy can help achieve Paris Climate Agreement goals.
The global Phase 2/3 study with orally-administered opaganib in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia has received a second unanimous recommendation to continue, based on an analysis of unblinded safety data from the first 155 patients treated for 14 days. Enrollment is over 60% complete and top-line data expected in Q1/...
A new study reveals the physical and chemical interactions that sequester carbon in soil, showing layers of carbon around organic interfaces and a crucial role for nitrogen. This breakthrough technique may help develop strategies for sequestering more carbon in soil, mitigating climate change.
Researchers found that people infected with COVID-19 retain immunity for at least 8 months through virus-specific memory B cells. This discovery alleviates concerns about vaccine efficacy and provides real hope for long-term protection against the virus.
Researchers analyzed data from a large national health insurer to examine hospital outcomes for patients with COVID-19. The study found that mortality rates declined significantly during the first 6 months of the pandemic, suggesting an improvement in treatment and care.
Researchers estimate that subsea permafrost currently traps 60 billion tons of methane and 560 billion tons of organic carbon. The region releases approximately 140 million tons of CO2 and 5.3 million tons of CH4 to the atmosphere each year.
Researchers developed a method to identify soil color and structure using ground-penetrating radar, allowing for classification of soils for construction, agriculture, or mining. The technique was tested in Kamennaya Steppe, where it matched actual soil colors 80% of the time.
Engineers at Northwestern University have developed a new technique using kirigami cuts to create complex 3D structures and nanoscale tools. The technique, inspired by traditional Japanese paper-folding practices, enables the creation of unusual shapes and functions.
A team of scientists explores the feasibility of achieving 100% renewability in energy production, highlighting the need for electrification and synthetic fuel technology. The study suggests that countries like Argentina, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal, and Spain could meet their energy needs with high-tech renewably derived fuels.
The researchers are developing two self-administered scratch-and-sniff smell tests to detect COVID-19. The first test identifies odors such as smoke, strawberry, chocolate, and onions, while the second test reveals sensitivity to different concentrations of the same odor.
Baylor College of Medicine researchers found that long-term exposure to IFNγ exhausts blood stem cells by triggering proliferation and excessive differentiation. Modulating BST2 expression on these cells may provide a means to regulate their activation during chronic infections.
A new study found that Americans significantly underestimated public support for key gun safety policies, including universal background checks and mandatory waiting periods. When people learned about the true levels of support, they were more likely to express stronger public support in both private and public settings.
A systematic review by UC San Francisco researchers found that e-cigarette use has no appreciable effect on participants' ability to quit, regardless of frequency or motivation. However, certain e-cigarette devices treated like medicine in clinical trials showed a more significant impact on quitting smoking.
Researchers analyzed 20,000 Facebook posts about wild pet trade and found thousands of ads for exotic pets, with only 0.44% mentioning COVID-19. The study urges stronger governance on social media to curb wildlife extinctions and pandemic risks.
Researchers at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Promundo-US significantly reduced sexual violence among teenage boys in areas of concentrated disadvantage through community-based programs. The proportion of youth reporting the use of sexual or partner violence decreased by about 12 percentage points in both groups.
Researchers analyzed COVID-19-specific coding, transition to new codes, and PCR testing accuracy in US hospitals. The study found that the COVID-19-specific code had high accuracy rates when compared to SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.
Researchers have created the largest image ever made of Mars' surface, mapping three billion-year-old sedimentary rocks and identifying 18 new fluvial ridges. The study provides unprecedented insight into ancient river systems on Mars, which could prove valuable targets for future exploration of past climates and tectonics.
New research highlights the challenges of providing childhood vaccinations in hard-to-reach populations and the emergence of vaccine hesitancy among wealthy families in low- and middle-income countries. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce inequality gaps and ensure universal coverage.
Researchers from Siberian Federal University found that nanoparticles can dramatically change rock wettability characteristics, leading to increased oil recovery. The study showed that even small amounts of nanoparticles added to the liquid improved oil production efficiency by weakening capillary forces and reducing interfacial tension.
A study by Arizona State University found that approximately 3.4% to 4.3% of consumed seafood is mislabeled, with substituted species coming from fisheries performing worse in terms of population impacts 86% of the time.
Researchers tested mask materials' effectiveness in blocking droplets carrying coronavirus. While masks blocked most droplets, distances under 6 feet still allowed many to escape, posing a risk of illness. Masks can offer protection but not complete protection when combined with distancing.
Researchers assessed maternal, neonatal SARS-CoV-2 viral load and transplacental antibody transfer in 127 pregnancies. The study found reduced transplacental transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, indicating effective maternal control of the virus.
A global analysis of bird songs reveals that size, not habitat type, is the primary driver of song frequency. The study also suggests that males with larger bodies produce lower-frequency songs due to competition for mates.
Researchers found significant differences in astigmatism measures obtained by Pentacam, Cassini, and IOL-master systems, affecting cataract surgery outcomes. The study's findings highlight the need for further investigation into refractive predictability studies to determine the best optometric device.
Researchers have identified seven DNA fingerprints that define cancer risk, including a protective germline pattern and six that present a higher risk. The discovery refines the long-held view that lifestyle factors contribute to cancer risk and sheds light on the role of genetics in cancer development.
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
Researchers found that maternal immune activation induces sustained changes in fetal microglia motility, contributing to developmental disorders and schizophrenia. Microglial process motility changes remained after birth and were linked to social behavior deficits characteristic of autism spectrum disorders.
A retrospective study of 7,891 patients with COVID-19 treated at Mayo Clinic found lower mortality rates compared to national and international averages. The team-based approach, leveraging clinical trials and available therapies, and remote monitoring tools contributed to these favorable outcomes.
A new UC Berkeley study suggests that individuals with clinical anxiety and/or depression have difficulty making sound judgments when faced with changing circumstances. Emotionally resilient people, on the other hand, are better equipped to adapt to these changes by focusing on their past successes.
A new study on people with amputations using bionic hands for over a year found that the brain never shifted its perception of touch sensations to match the prosthetic thumb. The participants' brains persisted in perceiving the sensation in other locations, such as their middle finger or palm.
Researchers at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin have visualized the structure of ribosomes in nerve cells at near-atomic resolution, revealing a new key factor Ebp1 controlling brain development and protein synthesis. This study provides insights into the regulatory processes involved in maintaining neuronal proteostasis.
This issue of CVIA features papers on current management strategies for patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, as well as a systematic review on epicardial adipose tissue in obstructive sleep apnea. The journal also presents research on detecting myocardial infarction using late gadolinium enhancement MRI.
A longitudinal study of first-year university students found that those enrolled in the University of Vermont's Wellness Environment program had improved mood levels and fewer attention problems compared to non-participants. The study suggests that colleges and universities should track students' emotional health and develop specific p...
A study from Scripps Research Institute has identified an enzyme that limits blood vessel growth, providing insights into potential medicines to kill tumors and stop cancer from spreading. The findings also may enable new interventions for healthy blood-vessel development in people with heart disease and other conditions.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a miniaturized endovascular device that can explore capillaries without causing tissue damage. The technology harnesses hydrokinetic energy and uses magnetic steering to navigate the vascular system.
Patients with severe COVID-19 who developed secondary bloodstream infections were more likely to be severely ill upon admission, have longer hospital stays and poorer health outcomes. The study found that these patients were also more likely to require intensive care and had higher odds of mortality.
In a recent study, researchers showed that the ability to use social information can depend on an individual's cognitive skills. Female collared flycatchers who mastered a learning task faster were more likely to copy the nest site choices of great and blue tits.
Researchers discovered that mantle convection on early Earth was surprisingly slow and spatially restricted until around 3 billion years ago. This finding suggests that the onset of modern plate tectonics triggered the emergence of large continental masses and an oxygen-rich atmosphere, setting the stage for complex life.
Researchers at CSHL have discovered a gene-regulating RNA that contributes to breast cancer metastasis. By targeting this RNA, they found a molecule that can reduce tumor growth and metastases in animal experiments.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital found that pregnant women with COVID-19 do not transmit the virus to their newborns, but also show reduced antibody transfer. This has implications for maternal vaccine administration and optimal timing of vaccination.
Researchers used a brain machine interface to enable mice to guide a cursor using only their brain activity. The study found that visual cortical areas in the mouse brain were involved during the task, including the parietal cortex, which may act as a way station between sensory and motor areas.