A replicating RNA vaccine has shown robust immune response in both young and old animal models, producing antibodies comparable to those in people recovering from COVID-19. The vaccine's design avoids immune responses that could exacerbate the virus, instead inducing protective antiviral measures and T cells.
KAUST researchers used high-speed imaging to observe collisions between air bubbles and water surfaces, finding that the air-water interface is more mobile than expected. The team also developed a method using thin films of fatty acids to immobilize free water surfaces, drastically reducing bouncing.
A research team at KIST and TUB developed a nano-sized, coral-shaped silver catalyst electrode for high-efficiency carbon dioxide conversion. The new system can produce over 100 times more carbon monoxide than liquid-based systems, showing great promise for commercialization.
Scientists at Joslin Diabetes Center discovered that increased blood sugar levels can impair aerobic fitness and muscle adaptation in mice and humans. Despite this, regular aerobic exercise is still recommended for maintaining health, especially when combined with dietary changes.
Researchers found persistent DNA methylation changes in blood cells and stem cells associated with metabolic memory and future diabetic complications. The study provides evidence of a link between epigenetics, glycemic history, and complication development, offering potential biomarkers for early intervention and prevention.
According to the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, rocks on Earth are, on average, cube-shaped due to fragmentation processes. The researchers' findings suggest that this shape is statistically average and applies not only to Earth but also around the solar system.
The African Heart Rhythm Association (AFHRA) statement highlights barriers to effective pacing, including skilled implanter shortages and high device costs. Researchers propose solutions, such as improved local training and collaboration with governments to address these challenges.
Research at Umea University reveals that plant roots can cause the emission of 40 billion tonnes of carbon from permafrost by 2100 through the priming effect. This increase is significant enough to account for almost a quarter of the remaining 'carbon budget' for limiting global warming.
Scientists have generated near atomic resolution images of a viral protein complex responsible for replicating the RNA genome of positive-strand RNA viruses. The results provide mechanistic insights into the virus life cycle and aid development of new antivirals.
Researchers reconstructed Yellow River's middle reach runoff from 1492 to 2013 CE, finding lowest natural runoff during drought 1926-1932 CE. Human activity since 1980s decreased precipitation, increased observed runoff variability.
Acute aortic syndrome is a life-threatening condition with a high risk of misdiagnosis. The new Canadian guideline provides recommendations for identifying patients at low, moderate, and high risk, as well as diagnostic strategies for each group.
A study of dust from southeastern Iran reveals frequent plumes from the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa correlate with rapid southward shifts of westerly winds. This suggests North American ice sheets exerted a stronger influence on West Asian climate during North Atlantic cooling events.
Researchers at Beckman Institute develop label-free imaging to evaluate fertility in sperm samples, enabling faster and more accurate analysis. The technique uses phase imaging with computational specificity to predict parameters critical to fertility.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered bacterial organelles involved in gene expression, suggesting that bacteria may not be as simple as once thought. These findings could pave the way for a new generation of antibiotics to combat drug resistance.
A web-based database, Archaeal Proteome Project (ArcPP), collects and makes available datasets to further research on archaea, a domain of microorganisms. The platform provides easily accessible data and expertise for analyzing proteomics studies, yielding significant new insights into archaeal biology.
A study of Uruguayan children wearing silicone wristbands found an average of 13 pollutants, including industrial and agricultural chemicals banned in the US. The researchers detected pesticides like DDT and brominated flame retardants, highlighting concerns about long-term environmental and health impacts.
Researchers propose a new 'Reciprocal Inhibition Model' of PTSD, explaining inhomogeneous symptoms by addressing variabilities at neural, attentional, and symptom levels. This model may aid tailored clinical treatment for individual patients.
Researchers at McMaster University have traced the origins of old virus strains used as vaccination strains during the American Civil War, contributing to the eradication of smallpox. The study highlights the importance of understanding the history and evolution of viruses in vaccine development.
Researchers at Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology study signal transmission in baker's yeast to understand how cells balance information accuracy with energy costs. They found that the pheromone signalling pathway contains negative feedback regulations that improve accuracy, but may also impose fitness costs.
A new theory proposes that early Earth's lithosphere heated up and expanded, causing cracks that eventually divided the planet into plates. The model, developed by Dr. Alexander Webb and his team, suggests that volcanic heat loss led to thermal contraction, which in turn caused the outer shell to warm up and expand.
A new relationship between humanity and the ocean is required to secure the continuity of the diverse life support roles provided by the sea. The paper proposes three key transition pathways to make complex ocean systems more resilient and ensure a more sustainable future.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have created microcapsule technology that fortifies bivalve shellfish with Vitamin A and D, providing a cheap and effective way to address global nutrient deficiencies. This breakthrough could help improve the health of millions while reducing environmental impact.
A global methodology has been developed to help decide when to treat prostate cancer, providing a single standard for estimating tumour aggressiveness. The GAP3 consortium's analysis of 14,380 patients reveals that certain factors can predict cancer development, enabling more informed treatment decisions.
Researchers found that men are now more likely to visit clinics for Peyronie's disease and low sexual desire, while erectile dysfunction cases have declined. The study suggests a growing awareness of these conditions, possibly driven by increased openness and access to treatments.
The project aims to store green surplus energy in giant underground water balloons hidden beneath 'moving hills', demonstrating a new technology that can optimize energy storage for a future with more renewable energy. The test facility will be built with a focus on abrasion testing and lifetime tests for the membrane.
USTC successfully completed a large-scale solid system simulation with tens of thousands of atoms using the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. The achievement demonstrates the power of domestic high-performance parallel computing software and hardware.
The University of Miami Rosenstiel School has been selected by NOAA to host the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), which will conduct collaborative research on Earth's oceans and atmosphere. CIMAS will focus on coastal resilience, ocean conservation, and tropical weather prediction.
Researchers have created a new type of chemical thermometer using spin-crossover molecules to create a nanometric-scale thermal map. The innovation enables the measurement of local thermal processes and improves device design.
Research by Welsh academics finds that patients with PTSD exhibit exaggerated pupil reactions to both threatening and positive images, suggesting a hyper-response to any arousing stimulus. This discovery may lead to the development of new therapy approaches using positive images.
Researchers developed a key technology to produce aviation-grade fuels from wood waste. The method uses hydrocracking to reduce lignin oil's high viscosity, making it suitable for industrial use. This breakthrough allows Korea to proactively meet jet fuel greenhouse emissions regulations.
Researchers found that uncoordinated lifting of lockdown measures can lead to earlier secondary epidemics, while coordination can reduce the risk of transmission. Synchronizing intermittent lockdowns across countries can significantly improve the likelihood of ending community transmission.
St Petersburg University scientists analyzed microgastropods in the eastern sector of the Arctic, discovering at least 66 species. The study helps understand biological diversity, ecosystem responses to climate change and environmental pollution.
Researchers at LMU Munich used smartphone data to analyze users' personalities, finding strong correlations between behavior patterns and self-assessed traits. The study focused on the Big Five personality dimensions, revealing that certain types of digital behavior are more informative for specific self-assessments.
Researchers tracked baleen whale movements using passive acoustic recordings, finding four species have changed their distribution patterns in the past decade. The Gulf of Maine is warming faster than other regions, resulting in changes in distribution for five out of six baleen whale species.
A recent study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science reveals remarkable skill in reproducing multi-annual variations of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and atmospheric blocking frequency. This breakthrough suggests that impactful climate anomalies may be predictable with improved dynamical models, filling the gap between lo...
A new protein-based technique analyzes amelogenin in tooth enamel to estimate human biological sex with superior accuracy than DNA analysis. This method allows for sex determination of children and is reliable even with weak DNA signals.
A study in Côte d'Ivoire found that preferences for bushmeat vary widely among hunters, traders, and consumers, driven by factors such as nutritional needs, cultural practices, and economic incentives. The researchers urge policymakers to prioritize targeted conservation strategies that account for individual motivations and user groups.
Researchers from the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries investigated water distribution in the Demnitzer Mühlenfliess sub-catchment area. They found that vegetation plays a significant role in storing and releasing water, with forests having a drier soil than grasslands due to their root depth and leaf canopy.
Researchers discovered how SARS-CoV-2 inhibits protein synthesis in infected cells, effectively disarming the body's immune response. The Nonstructural Protein 1 (Nsp1) is a central weapon used by the virus to replicate and propagate, targeting the 40S subunit of ribosomes.
Fox Chase Cancer Center and Ben-Gurion University have received a $320,000 grant to test an immune-stimulating antibody developed by BGU researcher Angel Porgador for treating multiple myeloma. The antibody helps the immune system kill multiple myeloma tumor cells and may work on many different types of tumors.
Emanuela Marasco and her team aim to diagnose COVID-19 through sweat metabolites, leveraging machine learning algorithms and advanced image processing techniques. Their proposed detector will be compared to traditional tampon-based testing methods, potentially revolutionizing non-invasive diagnosis.
A Kansas State University study is the first to confirm that SARS-CoV-2 cannot be transmitted to people by mosquitoes, debunking a long-standing theory. The virus was found unable to replicate in three common mosquito species, ruling out human transmission via these vectors.
The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise sea levels nearly 24 feet. A new project, GreenDrill, aims to drill through the ice to the underlying bedrock, revealing the ice sheet's past in unprecedented detail and enabling more accurate predictions of how it may add to rising seas.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a previously unidentified nanostructure on insect surfaces that can be used to engineer stronger, more resilient water repellent coatings. These high-solid fraction textures may imbue additional water repelling benefits and could be applied to personal protective equipment (PPE) to better resis...
The Center for International Education at George Mason University is delivering an online English language teacher professional development program. The program aims to provide educators around the world with online training to teach English to young learners.
A new study by Dolores Albarracin and colleagues found that people tend to conflate intentions and behaviors in routine actions, creating false memories. This phenomenon has significant implications for healthcare settings and self-reporting of following through on actions.
Cristiana Stan and collaborators develop new diagnostic tools to forecast ENSO patterns. The tools aim to better understand the relationship between ENSO and the Madden-Julian Oscillation.
A new clinical trial suggests that vaporized cannabis is safe and potentially effective in mitigating chronic pain caused by sickle cell disease. The study found that patients experienced reduced pain levels and improved mood over time, paving the way for further research on medical cannabis as a treatment option.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have identified a quicker and less expensive way to count sperm in lobsters using DNA technology. This new method could help scientists better understand mating and population sustainability in various species.
Researchers at Graz University of Technology developed a new machine learning algorithm called e-prop, which significantly expands the possible applications of AI. This novel approach uses spikes to enable more efficient information processing and reduces energy consumption.
A study found that type 1 interferon deficiency is a biomarker for patients at risk of severe COVID-19. Low levels of type 1 interferon in plasma precede clinical worsening and are characteristic of each stage of the disease, suggesting it could identify a high-risk population.
Texas A&M University researchers are producing COVID-19 spike proteins to detect antibodies that can block the virus from binding to cells. The goal is to find effective treatments and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Despite low representation in academia, female surgeon-scientists are securing a greater percentage of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants. Women researchers are more likely to be first-time grant recipients and have higher success rates when awarded NIH funding.
The project aims to address system impediments to pervasive 360-degree video sharing by improving efficiency at each stage. Researchers will explore approaches for generating high-quality frames, adapting content to available bandwidth, and optimizing projection efficiency.
Tong and collaborators are developing a model-ready emission dataset for CAM-CMAQ's wildfire forecasting system, aiming to improve accuracy and mitigate adverse fire effects. The dataset will also incorporate aerosol attenuation of photolysis in smoke plumes.
A recent survey by Aarhus University found that the general psychological well-being of Danes improved by the end of April, with a 6% increase in those scoring above 80. The study suggests a plausible correlation between pandemic intensity and psychological well-being.
Researchers developed the APIStrip tool to sample contaminants in honeybee colonies without disrupting their normal routine. The method uses a polystyrene strip with Tenax to detect up to 442 kinds of pesticides, including residues from beekeepers' treatments and plant protection products.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that copper catalysts are superior to purely metallic-origin catalysts in producing ethylene after oxygen is depleted. The team developed a method to 'reactivate' the catalyst by re-adding and re-removing oxygen, improving efficiency.
Researchers uncover how the huntingtin protein transports vital materials within neurons, revealing a potential avenue for therapeutics aimed at improving endosomal transport in Huntington's disease patients. The study also highlights the importance of understanding the protein's normal function to develop effective treatments.
Research at UC Berkeley reveals pesticides can boost schistosome parasite transmission by affecting snail survival, aquatic predators and algae composition. This increases disease burden in areas with high agricultural agrochemical use, posing a significant threat to public health.