Researchers have identified microRNA biomarkers that play a role in brain damage caused by traumatic brain injury, and are also associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study found coordinated miRNA dysregulation followed by increased amounts of BACE1, a key enzyme in neurodegenerative disease pathology.
Researchers found high levels of plastic debris trapped in seagrass litter and fibers, suggesting that seagrass meadows can facilitate marine plastic removal from the sea. The study estimates that Mediterranean seagrass meadows may trap up to 867 million plastic items each year.
A study by Kristiina Mannermaa analyzed over 4,000 elk tooth ornaments found in graves across Baltic and Scandinavian regions. The results showed that practically all teeth had been processed identically, with only two instances featuring perforation for threading.
A new study published in Cell reveals that RNA splicing therapeutics can activate antiviral immune pathways in triple negative breast cancers, triggering tumor cell death and signaling the body's immune response. The discovery highlights a novel mechanism for turning on the immune system in aggressive cancers.
A new treatment combining naltrexone and bupropion shows promise in reducing methamphetamine use disorder, with a response rate of 13.6% compared to 2.5% in placebo groups. The therapy also led to reduced cravings and fewer adverse effects.
Research by University of Pennsylvania biologists Daniel Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs found that climate change has taken a toll on insects in the tropics. Insect biomass and species richness have been decomposing since the mid-1970s, with dramatic drops in moth numbers and species diversity.
A team of engineers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed an in vitro lymphatic vessel model to study tumor emboli growth. Researchers found that the model showed different growth behaviors based on cell type, linked to force generation capability, and has implications for therapeutic design.
The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine has published a special 15th anniversary collection featuring influential studies on sleep disorders and other topics. The selected papers have had a significant impact on the field, with landmark reviews like "Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction" still widely cited today.
Researchers have discovered that breastfed babies have nearly twice as many regulatory T cells, which control the immune response and reduce inflammation. The study found that specific bacteria support these cells' function, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding.
Researchers at Università di Trento developed RoomTetris algorithm to efficiently allocate rooms, increasing hotel occupancy rates and profits. The software has shown promising results in tests, with potential to double profitability for some hotels.
A recent study found that patients taking metformin before COVID-19 diagnosis had a threefold decrease in mortality. The study also suggests that metformin's anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects may be responsible for this benefit.
Rutgers scientists found that bacteria cause sunlight-absorbing sediment to clump together and accumulate in meltwater streams on the Greenland ice sheet. This process can be incorporated into climate models for more accurate melting predictions.
Physicists at Washington University discovered a method to add electrical charge to graphene devices by layering alpha-RuCl3 flakes. This process allows for 'permanent' charge transfers without external electric fields, enabling control over the flow of electrical current.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have gained new insights into aerosol formation by detecting volatile components for the first time. Volatile components were found to catalyze vapor nucleation, accelerating the process.
Researchers from Kumamoto University have developed a highly sensitive method to evaluate cytoskeleton organization from microscopic images. The new technique uses computer simulations and image analysis to accurately measure bundle states, even in unclear images.
Research reveals molybdenum-nitrogen complexes as effective catalysts for disproportionation of cyclohexadienes, with the Mo-N=N unit playing a key role in the reaction. High catalytic activity suggests new approaches to participate in catalytic systems for nitrogen ligands.
Researchers developed a bio-inspired hydrogel fiber with a spiral structure inspired by lotus fibers. The fiber exhibits high strength, toughness and excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for surgical sutures.
A new study introduces a Resistance-Resilience-Transformation (RRT) classification to assess transformative actions in climate adaptation projects. The RRT classification shows a shift towards more transformative actions, such as species translocation, in recent years.
New research from West Virginia University economists finds that presidential inaugurations have gained popularity as must-see tourist events in recent years. Hotel occupancy rates around the inaugurations were significantly higher than other events, with increases seen prior to and after the ceremony.
A global study of 107,000 children found that higher temperatures are an equal or greater contributor to child malnutrition and low quality diets than poverty, sanitation, and education. Climate change is also associated with increased diet diversity in some regions, but this effect depends on the intensity and distribution of rainfall.
A University of Helsinki study reveals how micro-climate shapes insect communities, herbivory rates, and parasitism in the North. Climate change dramatically reshapes northern ecosystems.
Researchers developed a novel decontamination method using pulsed ultraviolet light to inactivate microbial strains on eggshells, achieving significant reductions. The technology showed no negative effects on hatching eggs or chick growth, improving food safety and potential financial constraints.
A study published in Communications Biology reveals that failing queens have low sperm viability and high levels of viruses, leading researchers to discover a trade-off between immunity and reproduction. The findings offer new insights into the mysterious decline of queen bee health.
The study uses a decontamination algorithm to identify the bacteria living in tumors, finding that normal and cancerous organ tissues have distinct microbiota compositions. The researchers also discovered that bacterial information could help diagnose cancer and predict patient outcomes.
A WVU Public Health professor is conducting research to better understand the needs of pregnant women with substance use disorder in rural West Virginia. The study aims to explore telehealth utilization rates and barriers to use, as well as develop interventions to support this vulnerable population.
Scientists discovered a rare magnetar in the Sculptor constellation as the source of giant gamma-ray burst GRB 200415A. The burst was powerful enough to disrupt mobile phone reception and shed light on the universe's early history.
Researchers found that changes in a central gene node lead to the formation of larger eyes in some species, while different mechanisms explain smaller eyes in others. The study contributes to understanding of evolution of complex traits and could inform animal and plant breeding.
Researchers from Waseda University and ENEOS Corporation discover a novel indium oxide modified with copper that exhibits a record-breaking CO2 conversion rate of 10 mmol/h g at relatively modest temperatures. This breakthrough could significantly contribute to reducing carbon footprint and driving towards a more sustainable future.
Researchers identify a unique population of skeletal stem cells that mark a transitional phase in bone growth and maintenance, which may hold clues to preventing osteoporosis. The study's findings provide new insights into the regulation of these cells and their potential role in bone health.
A new study found that most parents (63%) believed remote learning caused their child to fall behind, but the vast majority of schools provided effective online programs. Parents reported spending around 2.5 hours per day helping with schoolwork, while children spent an hour more in remote learning.
Dr. Benjamin Arenkiel's research identified a convergent brain circuit that combines sensory perceptions and motivational state, linking basal forebrain circuits to behaviors such as anxiety, anorexia, addiction, and more. His work offers a new approach to treating severe eating disorders, obesity, and addictive behaviors by manipulati...
Researchers at the University of New South Wales have created adaptive stem cells, called induced multipotent stem cells (iMS), from human fat. These cells can reprogram to act as stem cells and adapt to their surroundings, repairing a range of damaged tissues in mice.
Researchers introduced pseudo periodic tables filled with familiar items like fruits, nuts, and superheroes to improve students' comprehension of the periodic table. The study found that over 75% of students found this strategy useful and showed an increase in correct answers on midterm exams.
A research team from the University of Miami used a 600-year-old marine sponge to reconstruct Atlantic Ocean temperatures, showing past volcanic activity and current global warming trends. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the impact of human activities on climate change.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in individuals with depression, stress, loneliness, or poor health behaviors. Engaging in exercise and getting a good night's sleep before vaccination can help boost the immune response.
A study from the University of Tsukuba found that taking regular walks in forests and greenspaces may help workers cope with stress. The researchers analyzed data from over 6,000 Japanese workers and discovered a significant correlation between forest and greenspace walking habits and strong stress-coping abilities.
A new study published in Physical Education and Sport found that eating breakfast can significantly improve a basketball player's shooting performance, particularly in free throws. The research involved 18 young players who took part in two weeks of drills with or without breakfast, resulting in improved performances in most categories.
Researchers at UCLA have developed Diffractive Deep Neural Networks (D2NNs) for all-optical object classification, achieving higher accuracy than individual constituent D2NNs and digital AI models. The success of the ensemble learning approach demonstrates the power of combining multiple predictions to obtain a more accurate prediction.
This study validates the significance of two critical thresholds in pancreatitis, one for damage to acinar cells and another for clinical symptoms. It highlights the importance of cost transparency, preoperative informed financial consent, and price regulation to reduce financial hardship faced by patients and their families.
KU Leuven researchers discovered a biological mechanism connecting food antigens to mast cell activation and digestive intolerance in people with IBS. The study found that certain foods like gluten, wheat, and soy can trigger local immune reactions in the gut, leading to abdominal pain.
Scientists from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute synthesize patterns of tropical forest productivity and carbon storage, finding that warm, wet forests with moderately fertile soils store more carbon. The study's findings reveal consistent relationships across regions, influenced by climate and soil conditions.
Researchers have discovered viral small RNAs in mosquito cells, shedding light on the transmission of viruses like yellow fever and dengue fever. This study provides a comprehensive platform for comparing the characteristics of small RNAs across four mosquito species.
WVU is launching a three-year drinking water testing and community engagement program to educate West Virginians about safe drinking water. The program will focus on several counties, providing free drinking water tests and support for interpreting results.
Researchers found that persistently high insulin levels from mid-childhood are linked with a higher chance of developing psychosis in adulthood. In contrast, an increase in BMI around puberty was linked with a higher chance of depression in adulthood, particularly in girls.
The Dark Energy Survey has released a massive catalog of nearly 700 million astronomical objects, building on the previous data release and improving calibration techniques. The catalog provides unprecedented insights into the distribution of matter in the Universe and may hold clues to how our galaxy was assembled over billions of years.
New study reveals that Antarctic icebergs trigger chain reactions leading to prolonged cold temperatures. The research suggests a 'missing link' in the process that leads to ice ages, with implications for understanding climate change and future ocean circulation patterns.
Researchers disrupt molecule that causes excess mucus in lungs, reverses its deadly impacts. The treatment also works on human mucus samples and has potential for treating other pulmonary diseases.
Researchers from Far Eastern Federal University used numerical methods and quantum field theory to study the AFV3-109 protein's folding topology. They found that the protein forms an intermediate knot, swells before folding, and has a complex topology that requires collective behavior to form correctly.
Kathleen Smits, a UTA civil engineering associate professor, has received two grants to investigate leak detection and repair methods for underground pipelines. Her team will create models to understand gas migration speeds and develop methods to measure gas buildup above ground.
Researchers predict up to 5,700 Northern Hemisphere lakes may permanently lose ice cover by 2055, affecting drinking water quality and quantity. Climate change projections indicate increased winter air temperatures will cause this loss, with shallow lakes more susceptible.
Research finds that red and green algae blooms on Antarctic Peninsula snow cause significant snowmelt, comparable to dust on snow in Rocky Mountains. Algae blooms can warm surface and accelerate melting, with potential feedback effects on ice retreat.
Leading experts predict a 'ghastly future' due to accelerating biodiversity loss and climate change, warning that world leaders need to take immediate action. The researchers emphasize the importance of addressing these pressing issues to avoid catastrophic consequences for centuries to come.
A new statistical method called GLIMPSE allows for the inference of complete human genomes from small amounts of data, providing a cost-effective alternative to current approaches. This enables researchers to analyze understudied populations and uncover associations in complex traits such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and obesity.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that males are more susceptible to severe illness and death from COVID-19, with higher rates of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. The authors analyzed data from a large US metropolitan area and found a strong association between male sex and poor outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a solution to stabilize drones when one motor fails, using onboard camera information. The team equipped quadcopters with standard and event cameras, which enable the drone to estimate its position in space despite high-speed rotation. This innovation improves flight safety in area...
A new study has found that COVID-19 lockdowns led to smaller-than-expected reductions in NO2 emissions and increased ozone levels in cities worldwide. Concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) decreased in most cities except London and Paris.
Researchers found that approximately half of AD cases are mild, while one-fifth are severe. Early intervention in the mild stage is crucial to slow decline and prevent progression.
Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (CVIA) has published selected abstracts from the 31st Great Wall International Cardiology Conference. The abstracts cover various topics including basic and translational medicine, clinical research on cardiovascular diseases, and cardiovascular-disciplinary research.
Researchers have found a compound isolated from the leaves of Inula viscosa that can kill brain-eating amoebae by causing them to undergo cell suicide. The compound, inuloxin A, has shown promise in lab studies and may be more effective than current treatments at crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Researchers use an ultrafast camera to observe the movement of laser light in a chaotic chamber, capturing the entirety of its path for the first time. This breakthrough could breathe new life into the study of optical chaos, with applications in physics, communications, and cryptography.