A recent study found that ancient oceans were more resilient to climate change than previously thought, with limited expansion of seafloor anoxia during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum. However, current human activities are expected to drive more rapid and expansive oxygen loss due to higher carbon emissions and nutrient pollution.
Researchers developed an in vitro and computational model-based approach to identify chemicals affecting male reproductive health without animal tests. The method predicts exposure of fetuses to harmful substances, showing promising results compared to traditional animal tests.
Researchers developed a new theoretical model explaining the spread of vibrations in disordered materials, showing that sound waves lose coherence on shorter length scales. This discovery may lead to the design of heat- and shatter-resistant glass for smartphones and tablets.
Two studies from Michigan Medicine reveal COVID-19 deaths are primarily due to lung damage, unlike other lung failures. Evidence-based interventions like prone positioning and mechanical ventilation improve outcomes.
A new review describes the current status of commercial assays for Procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in blood. The authors recommend harmonization or standardization of these assays to improve clinical implementation and international multicentre trials.
Researchers from Skoltech and UTMB have developed an optoacoustic sensor to measure water content in skin, a technique that can monitor swelling or dehydration. The method is safe, non-invasive, and provides high resolution, making it suitable for clinical applications.
An analysis of health insurance claims data reveals a 7-fold variation in euthanasia rates across the Netherlands. Regional differences and demographic, socioeconomic, and personal factors are associated with varying euthanasia rates.
A clinical trial involving COVID-19 patients hospitalized at UT Health San Antonio and University Health found that a combination of the drugs baricitinib and remdesivir reduced time to recovery. Patients on high oxygen therapy had a recovery time of 10 days with combination treatment, compared to 18 days with remdesivir alone.
A study by Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology reveals how plants produce defensive toxins, such as diterpene glycosides, without harming themselves. These plant chemicals attack specific parts of the cell membrane, and plants store them in a non-toxic form to prevent self-harm.
A new study published in Nature Communications found that deep learning models surpass standard machine learning approaches in analyzing brain imaging data, generating more accurate representations of the human brain. This is particularly beneficial for complex problems requiring large datasets and advanced analysis.
Researchers found that people with higher incomes were more likely to adopt self-protective behaviors such as social distancing and mask wearing. In contrast, lower-income individuals faced increased challenges in adopting these behaviors due to job losses, limited access to remote work, and living in homes without outdoor spaces.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected cancer screening test utilization and subsequent cancer diagnoses in the largest US healthcare system. Researchers analyzed data to understand the impact of the pandemic on cancer care.
The American Diabetes Association has lowered the target HbA1C levels for children with type-1 diabetes to less than 7% to reduce acute and long-term organ damage. The new guidelines aim to improve immediate and long-term health outcomes, fewer complications, and reduced mortality rates in T1D children.
Scientists have created highly detailed 3D models of chromosomes for individual cells using a computational technique that uncovers spatial relationships between genes. These models provide valuable insights into how genes work together to drive biological processes, such as development and cell differentiation.
A recent study published by the American Psychological Association found that women who deviate from traditional femininity are perceived as less credible and their claims of sexual harassment are viewed as less valid. This bias can prevent non-stereotypical women from accessing legal protections, leaving them vulnerable to further vic...
Scientists have discovered that complexes of proteins with molybdenum cofactor (Moco) can be taken up by Moco-deficient nematodes, which may lead to a treatment for human Moco deficiency. This rare condition is lethal and causes devastating neurological and developmental defects in children.
Computational materials scientists at Ames Laboratory have created an algorithm that uses a hybrid approach inspired by cuckoo birds' nesting habits to find novel high-entropy alloys. The new method significantly reduces the search time for these materials, which are highly sought after for their unique properties and applications.
A study by Kayla Follmer and Jake Follmer found that low-grade forms of workplace mistreatment can amplify suicidal thoughts in employees with depression or bipolar disorder. The researchers surveyed 279 American adults and discovered that perceived mistreatment, job engagement, and suicidal ideation are linked.
A giant 2D map of the universe, released by the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS), will aid the upcoming DESI project's spectroscopic survey. The map covers half of the sky, spanning over 10 trillion pixels and containing about two billion objects.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism by which mycolic acid-containing bacteria form diverse types of membrane vesicles in response to DNA damage and envelope stress. This finding provides insight into the mechanisms of membrane vesicle formation, which could be helpful for developing novel therapeutics or vaccines.
Physical frailty is defined as a state of depleted reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to stressors. A complex systems approach suggests that interventions like physical activity can remedy frailty by addressing dysregulation across multiple interconnected physiological and biological systems.
A team of researchers used machine learning to predict how proteins change shape and developed a new approach to study disordered proteins. They found that a key protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease becomes less toxic when it adopts a highly disordered shape.
MIT researchers have created a new computational model that can predict which sections of viral surface proteins are more likely to mutate in a way that enables viral escape. The model identifies potential targets for vaccines against influenza and HIV, offering hope for developing effective treatments.
A new risk assessment tool, CARG-BC Score, helps oncologists make personalized treatment recommendations for elderly patients with early-stage breast cancer. The score combines eight disease and patient-reported predictors to predict the likelihood of severe chemotherapy side effects.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected life expectancy in the US, with a projected decline of 1.13 years to 77.48 years, according to USC researchers. The decline is particularly stark among minority populations, with Blacks expected to lose 2.10 years and Latinos 3.05 years of life expectancy.
A study by Dmitry Gordenin and colleagues found that genomic DNA changes in skin cells accumulate over time, with the amount of damage caused by UV light unrelated to age. Black individuals exhibited less UV damage compared to white donors, possibly due to higher melanin levels.
Researchers propose a hybrid-electric plane design that eliminates 95 percent of aviation's nitrogen oxide emissions, reducing premature deaths by 92 percent. The system combines a conventional gas turbine with an electric generator to power electrically driven propellers or fans.
A groundbreaking study by Liu et al successfully transplanted adult human eye stem cells into monkeys' eyes, restoring normal vision and supporting photoreceptor function. The retinal pigment epithelium-derived cells showed no serious side effects and integrated stably for at least three months.
A new study by Yale University economists finds that the absence of professional management hinders India's business growth, constraining innovation and economic growth. The study suggests that if Indian businesses adopted management practices common in developed countries, they would expand and boost productivity.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have created an AI-powered method to study the complex gut microbiome by analyzing faeces. The technique can help identify patterns in bacterial composition and connection to diseases like diabetes and autism.
Soil organisms perform crucial services like nutrient transformation and water purification. A new monitoring network aims to improve understanding and protection of soil biodiversity.
A team of astronomers has created the most complete 3D map of cool brown dwarfs in the Sun's local neighborhood, cataloging over 500 objects including 38 new discoveries. The results provide evidence that the Sun's immediate neighborhood is unusually diverse relative to other parts of the Milky Way Galaxy.
A study led by the University of Washington found that women perceived as 'prototypical' are more likely to be believed when making accusations of sexual harassment. Non-prototypical women face greater hurdles and are seen as less credible, less harmed, and their harassers deserve less punishment.
Researchers found three regimes in gold plasmonic evolution: classical plasmon for large clusters, quantum confinement corrected plasmon for medium-sized clusters, and molecular plasmon for small clusters. The study uses atomic precision to understand the boundary between bulk, nano and molecule scale of gold plasmonic physics.
A study of 419 breast MRI examinations found new suspicious findings in 5.5% of patients, but all were benign; results suggest biopsies may not be necessary for patients responding well to neoadjuvant therapy.
A new study found that implementing an 'opt-out' pathway for cardiac rehabilitation referrals significantly increased rates, from 15% to 85%, among patients eligible for the therapy. The opt-out system leveraged technology to automate the process, making it easier for clinicians and patients.
Two new northern white rhino embryos were created in December 2020 using advanced assisted reproduction technologies. This brings the total number of viable embryos produced to five. The successful embryo creation is a result of a regular rhythm of repeated oocyte collections, which will continue if possible.
A new study reveals that human hunter-gatherer populations share common behavioral traits with their non-human neighbors, including diet composition, child-care duties, and community organization. The findings support the idea that environmental pressures shape behaviors across species.
Researchers at Lehigh University and Iowa State University have developed a hybrid Cuckoo Search algorithm that accelerates computational modeling of complex alloys by reducing search time up to 13,000-fold. This breakthrough enables the creation of physically realizable systems that can be directly compared against experimental samples.
In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have found electric eels working together to herd small fish into tightly packed balls. The eels then launch simultaneous electric attacks, stunning the prey into submission.
A team of scientists from Shibaura Institute of Technology developed a cost-effective method to enhance the properties of magnesium diboride superconductors using ultrasonication. This approach resulted in a higher critical current density, making bulk MgB2 more accessible and simpler to fabricate.
The SolarEV City concept integrates roof-top PVs with electric vehicles to supply affordable CO2-free electricity, reducing emissions by 54-95% in nine Japanese urban areas. Implementations can meet 53-95% of electricity demands by 2030, with potential cost savings of 26-41%.
A new study suggests that temperature scanners are unreliable for detecting Covid-19 due to false negatives and varying factors affecting skin temperature readings. Taking temperature readings from a person's fingertip and eye can provide a more reliable indicator of fever-induced changes in deep body temperature.
A randomized clinical trial compared flu vaccine reactions in older adults, finding that injection-site pain was a common side effect. The study also revealed differences in reaction rates among various flu vaccine types.
Plant roots can sense compacted soils through ethylene hormone signals, hindering growth. Mutant roots insensitive to ethylene penetrate compacted soils more effectively.
Researchers developed a method to account for missing soft-bodied organisms in ancient food webs, revealing differences between hard- and soft-bodied taxa that have existed for at least 48 million years. This work strengthens future research in ancient food web reconstruction and allows for more robust predictions of future ecosystems.
A study by University of Birmingham scientists has shown that the balance of cells in blood is affected earlier than thought, particularly for families carrying mutant RUNX1 proteins. The research found that these mutations can change how genes respond and lead to different diseases.
Scientists at Wits University infected mosquitoes with human malaria and identified a new chemical compound that shows promise in treating the disease. The study, published in Nature Communications, aimed to develop a drug that can block both human-to-mosquito transmission and mosquito-to-human transmission.
Research reveals that environmental factors influence human behavior in ways comparable to those of non-human species, including mammal and bird populations. Foraging patterns, reproductive habits, and social interactions show remarkable similarities across species and locations.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have launched a comprehensive resource on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and policies to mitigate climate change. The CDR Primer provides an overview of various techniques, including sequestering carbon in soil through improved agricultural practices.
Research estimates that one in three women experience intimate partner violence and up to 90% suffer head trauma. However, data is scarce on the cognitive and psychological effects of this trauma. A new international effort aims to understand the ramifications of injuries and develop personalized treatment strategies.
A University of Miami study found that a soft food diet can reshape language by changing how people speak and pronounce sounds. The research analyzed thousands of languages and the speech patterns of 10 celebrities, including Freddie Mercury and Michael Phelps.
The study maps cotton fiber quality to determine how in-field practices impact fiber growth, enabling growers to maximize profitability and reduce environmental impact. By combining data on yield, fiber quality, and sustainability metrics, producers can provide customers with information on the cotton they use.
A new study finds that traditional surface temperature scanners are ineffective in detecting fever-related illnesses, like Covid-19. Instead, taking temperature readings from a person's fingertip and eye may provide more accurate results.
Researchers will investigate genetic factors linking obesity and estrogen-containing birth control pills to stroke risk, aiming to identify drug targets for prevention or reduction.
Climate scientists have long known that human activities increase wildfire risk, but the specific roles and influences were unclear. A new study quantifies competing anthropogenic influences on extreme fire weather risk, revealing heat-trapping greenhouse gas emissions as a dominant contributor.
Scientific scepticism may be reinforced in the UK due to the rapid approval of COVID vaccines, warns Professor John Ashton. The former director of public health highlights the potential breakdown of trust between the government and the public over vaccination objections.
Researchers found that certain oral pathogens are more prevalent in esophageal cancer patients, particularly in dental plaque and saliva. The study suggests that these pathogens may be associated with a high risk of esophageal cancer and could form the basis of future screening methods.
Research at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin found that patients' immune systems before chemotherapy determine treatment success in bladder cancer. High levels of CXCL11 and CXCR3alt receptors indicate a strong immune response, leading to increased survival rates.
A nationwide study, INSPIRE, aims to track the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 infections on various age groups over a two-year period. Researchers will examine COVID-19 survivors' health care utilization, clinical events, and physical and mental function.