A new algorithm called Meta-Apo reduces the need for expensive whole-genome sequencing to understand microbial function, improving consistency with 16S rRNA gene amplicon results. This approach enables accurate diagnoses like gingivitis improvement from 65% to 95% using low-cost 16S-amplicon sequencing.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have developed a new combination therapy that combines radiation therapy with an approved drug to make it more effective in treating head and neck cancer. The study found that the drug alone reduced cancer cell growth by up to 90% and increased the efficacy of radiation treatment by 40%.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis developed a pain-free microneedle patch that can detect biomarkers in the fluid between cells, revolutionizing diagnostic testing. The technology offers unprecedented sensitivity and could eliminate unnecessary hospital trips and discomfort.
Strong social bonds increase willingness to join others in battle, according to a study by Max Planck Institute researchers. The study found that males and females participate in battles, and that three factors – group size, maternal kin involvement, and non-kin social bond partners – increase the likelihood of participation.
A randomized clinical trial found that azacitidine as a maintenance treatment significantly improves relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients with AML. Patients treated with oral azacitidine had a median relapse-free survival of 10.2 months, compared to 4.8 months for placebo recipients.
Rugby league's young players can benefit from individualized nutrition plans to improve physical capacity, health, and recovery throughout their careers. The study provides practical food and drink examples for sports dietitians and coaches to help players eat and drink enough as part of a healthy diet.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a decrease in radiotherapy treatment courses, particularly among older patients. The new study reveals that the English NHS adapted its services quickly to protect patients, with some types of cancer seeing increased use of radiotherapy.
The American Rhinologic Society has launched SinusHealth.com, the first-ever patient-focused online resource dedicated to nasal and sinus conditions and treatments. James Nestor will discuss his book Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art, exploring the science of breathing and its impact on health.
Researchers found that aging leads to increased intrinsic ignition and decreased metastability in the whole-brain functional network. This suggests a deficiency in efficient global communication in the brain, contributing to cognitive decline.
A new study reveals that pioneer transcription factors help unspool tightly wound coils of DNA, allowing genetic blueprints to be read and proteins to be made. The researchers found that one pioneer factor can interact with two different remodelers to regulate transcription, a process deeply conserved across species.
Research finds that flowers provide essential nectar and pollen for predatory insects, helping them survive up to 8 times longer. This can significantly reduce the need for agricultural pesticides, improving crop production while supporting biodiversity.
A longitudinal study of 4,501 college students found that those who developed chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis had more physical symptoms and immune irregularities at baseline. Researchers also discovered that emotional functioning and psychological states were not statistically different from those who recovered.
Patients undergoing aortic surgery are at high risk of developing intraoperative pressure injuries due to increased incidence compared to other cardiac surgeries. Nurses should thoroughly assess risk and implement preventative interventions for high-risk patients.
Researchers discovered that certain gene pairs are essential for healthy spine development in zebrafish, which can provide insights into human congenital scoliosis. The findings suggest that separating these genes leads to disease development under environmental stress.
A new study measured the densities of seven exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system with extreme precision, finding remarkably similar compositions among all planets. The researchers propose three hypotheses to explain this similarity, including lower iron content, oxygen-enriched compositions, and water enrichment.
A team of researchers, including a Nobel laureate, argues that modern decision theory can help policymakers navigate the uncertainty of a pandemic. By accounting for three layers of uncertainty, formal decision rules can provide clarity and test intuition.
Corning Life Sciences is sharing its latest 3D cell culture technologies at SLAS2021 to support critical research in the industry. The company's new products, including Matrigel matrix-3D plates and Corning Elplasia plates, feature microcavity technology for high-volume spheroid production and enable rapid imaging of 3D cultures.
Researchers identified pancreatic β cell-derived exosomal miR-29 family as a new mechanism that regulates glucose homeostasis through liver. Exosomal miR-29s negatively regulate insulin signalling pathway via targeting p85 α, attenuating the suppression of insulin on glucose output.
Researchers found that up to 25% of reported bee species are no longer being recorded globally, with declines in halictid and Melittidae families. The study suggests a trend of declining wild bee populations worldwide, highlighting the need for immediate action.
Researchers Yuntao Wu and Ramin Hakami are investigating COVID-19 therapies using the K18-hACE2 mouse model, which can replicate severe COVID-19 infection in humans. The study aims to test the efficacy of therapeutics developed by Dejia Harmony against COVID-19.
A large observational study found SARS-CoV-2 infection was particularly low among children aged 1 to 10 years old in southwest Germany. The study highlights the effectiveness of mass testing in informing pandemic decision-making.
The new search engine enables researchers to compare different samples with the same function in various microbiomes, aiding disease diagnosis and treatment. MSE 2 includes an extended database of over 260,000 samples, providing a bird's eye view of the microbiome data space
Researchers emphasize the need for addressing social determinants of health and providing community-based interventions to mitigate disparities. The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing highlights its commitment to innovation in research, education, and practice to improve medical and economic equity.
A newly engineered CRISPR variant called SpRY enables targeted mutation of nearly any genomic sequence in plants, expanding genome editing capabilities and opening up new possibilities for crop improvement. This breakthrough discovery is a significant advancement in the field of plant genome editing.
Researchers developed an AI that accurately identifies places with insufficient or out-of-service stations. The tool is particularly effective in micropolitan areas, where population growth may lead to infrastructure issues.
Researchers discovered predictive values for blood pressure, heart rate, and ratio in a Chinese subpopulation with vasovagal syncope using simplistic tilt test. The study suggests that ratios of blood pressure to heart rate derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may better predict the presence and pattern of vasovagal syncope.
Cryo-electron microscopy study reveals how an enzyme synthesizes ribosomal RNA at different speeds depending on the bacteria's growth rate, providing insights into the regulation of this process and its importance in E. coli cells.
A CU Anschutz study reveals associations between placental signaling and metabolic disease in children and adults, offering potential early intervention and diagnosis of conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Placenta function can illuminate future disease in adults and children.
A new study finds that women live longer than men globally since 2006, but paradoxically report more illness. The research explores the complex interplay of biological, social and health service factors contributing to this phenomenon.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a method to create solid metal structures by smashing individual metal nanoclusters together. The technique, which involves chemical treatment and pressure, produces metals with uniform grain sizes that can be precisely tuned for enhanced properties.
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have shown high efficiency but are limited by trap states that cause noise in the off state. Research has identified traps as a major factor in OPD performance. The study provides guidance for further research into understanding and mitigating these limitations.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that multiparametric CT findings can distinguish patients with high-risk NAFLD, characterized by advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. However, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains elusive on CT.
A new research project aims to control electron flow in semimetals, enabling the development of novel quantum sensors. The TOPREL project will unify theoretical foundations from various physics areas, unleashing the potential of semimetals.
Researchers at UTMB successfully tested a bioengineered exosome delivery system that slows the migration of fetal immune cells and delays pre-term labor. The study's findings have significant implications for reducing pre-term birth rates and treating underlying causes of inflammation in fetuses.
A new international study suggests that starvation is contributing to the mortality of gray whales along the west coast of Mexico, USA, and Canada. The researchers used drone photogrammetry to measure the body condition of the whales, which showed a marked decline in juvenile and adult gray whales visiting Laguna San Ignacio.
Experts say ineffective methods like Learning Styles persist, and teaching quality is measured using subjective feedback. A new model proposes a flexible, evidence-based approach to deliver practical teaching skills.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have found that combining alectinib with ixazomib, a proteasome inhibitor, restores the efficacy of alectinib in patients with NSCLC who develop secondary TP53 mutations. This combination therapy has shown promising results in preclinical trials.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed a new approach to single-atom catalysis, which can lead to more effective and cost-efficient catalysts. The study reveals that customized properties through tailored surfaces can change the reactivity of individual atoms, making expensive metals like platinum less necessary.
Scientists created a method for calculating optimal parameters of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to enhance viewing angles without compromising image quality. The new technology uses diffraction optical elements with specific surface microreliefs to expand the angle of view, allowing for better color rendition and high resolution.
A team of researchers rediscovered a species of mouse thought to be extinct after Mount Pinatubo's devastating eruption 30 years ago. The survey revealed that native rodents were abundant and thriving in the disturbed landscape, contradicting expectations.
Researchers found that ACSL1 catalyzes CoA conjugation of propionic acid-class NSAIDs, leading to liver injury through covalent binding with hepatic proteins. This variation in hepatic ACSL1 expression may account for individual susceptibility to toxicities.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict next gaze fixation points in foveated rendering, improving speed and accuracy. The new method reduced inaccuracy by 10 times and was tested with VR helmets and AR glasses.
Researchers link magnetic waves in chromosphere to areas of abundant ionised particles in hot outer atmosphere, explaining the Sun's unique chemical make-up. The discovery provides a foundation for understanding the solar wind and its impact on Earth.
The SUTD research team has developed a novel shape memory polymer resist for 4D printing, enabling submicron dimensions comparable to visible light wavelengths. This breakthrough allows for the exploration of new applications in nanophotonics and enables the creation of tunable photonic devices.
Researchers estimate that the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna River Basin releases 1-3 billion microplastics daily. The study found most microplastics were fibres from clothing materials like rayon and acrylic.
A study found that the majority of people in the UK are willing to use privacy-encroaching tracking technology and support immunity passports. However, there is a significant gap between public willingness and actual adoption rates, particularly with the NHS Test and Trace app.
Researchers at the University of Hawaii at Manoa reconciled climate and carbon cycle trends over the past 50 million years, resolving a long-standing controversy. The study found that as atmospheric carbon dioxide decreased, the global carbonate compensation depth actually deepened, contradicting previous expectations.
Researchers developed degradable, cargo-bearing polymers from xylose-based monomers that can be hydrolyzed to release useful molecules. The polymers' linkages determine their degradation rate, producing pyrroles or furans.
Charitable organizations can benefit from soliciting donations immediately after price promotions. By targeting consumers who have participated in promotions and focusing on the amount of money saved, organizations can optimize their donation appeals.
Researchers found that rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed protective immune responses, including the production of antibodies and Th1 cells. These findings suggest that vaccines inducing durable protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may stimulate robust germinal center responses.
Researchers developed a stable graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane with uniform pore size to remove organic micropollutants. The study proposes combining signal amplification strategy and defect chemistry to reduce membrane pore size distribution, offering a promising method for preparing highly selective NF membranes.
A new model explains why saturated fats increase blood cholesterol and why this should be dangerous. The 'Homeoviscous Adaptation to Dietary Lipids' (HADL) model suggests that cells adjust membrane fluidity according to changes in diet, leading to a decrease in blood cholesterol levels when consuming polyunsaturated fats.
OHIO researcher Jason Trembly received two $500,000 grants to develop carbon-based building and construction materials reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing sustainability. The team aims to create carbon foam and piping materials with lower manufacturing costs and equivalent properties.
A review of 61 studies confirms that at least 1 in 3 people infected with SARS-CoV-2 do not exhibit symptoms, suggesting widespread testing can help identify asymptomatic spreaders. The findings also underscore the importance of determining vaccine effectiveness against asymptomatic infections.
A recent study published by the University of Cincinnati identified a shift in caribou movement patterns after the 1970s that coincided with changes in herd size, climate change, and human development. Researchers tracked the movements using antlers shed by female caribou, which contain an isotopic fingerprint of their summer range.
Researchers discovered three functional stages in the transition from fins to limbs, with early tetrapods exhibiting a unique pattern of muscle leverage. Their limbs were more adapted for propulsion than weight bearing, reflecting their aquatic origins and need to adapt to life on land.
Research reveals that abusive bosses may 'fake nice' after outbursts instead of making genuine amends, reinforcing the cycle of abuse. Bosses focus on superficial steps to repair their images, rather than genuinely repairing damage.
A new study found that between 11% to 27% of healthy college athletes reported symptoms meeting criteria for post-concussion syndrome, with lack of sleep, pre-existing mental health problems, and stress being the most likely predictors. The research suggests that baseline symptoms may help interpret recovery scores and that individuali...
Researchers found that two types of fungi can effectively reduce aphid infestations by increasing plant defenses, leading to fewer aphids and less damage to crops. The fungi work by establishing themselves in plant roots and tissues, causing plants to produce more natural defense substances.
Research from the University of Kent reveals a decline in son preference among Bangladeshi women, driven by increased female education and employment. Despite stated desires for gender balance, actual fertility decisions continue to be shaped by son preference, with women more likely to have additional children if they lack sons.
Research suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can dampen the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This could have implications for COVID-19 treatment and vaccination strategies. The findings also highlight the need for further evaluation of NSAID use during natural infections and vaccinations.
Researchers found that tiny aerosol particles form out of next to nothingness over the open ocean when sunlight reacts with molecules of trace gases. These newly formed particles then grow to attract water vapor, forming clouds that reflect or absorb sunlight, affecting Earth's temperature.
Researchers at WMG University of Warwick have developed a highly efficient hybrid flow battery technology that can store electricity for long durations at about 1/5 the cost of current systems. This breakthrough enables flexible and zero-emission grid-scale energy storage, making it ideal for widespread commercial adoption.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered that exercising lab-grown human muscle can directly counteract the damaging effects of chronic inflammation, particularly from interferon gamma. The study shows that muscle cells take anti-inflammatory actions independently of other cell types or tissues.
Researchers explore ECMO and CRRT treatment in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients, achieving a 100% survival rate for those with cardiopulmonary failure. The combined therapy is deemed an important treatment technique for critically ill patients.
A recent study found that dams can decrease the number of people globally exposed to historical once-in-100-year floods by approximately 15% downstream of dams. Integrating dam landscapes into existing flood modeling frameworks is crucial for realistic assessments of population exposure to present and future floods.
A new drug target for schizophrenia will be assessed using a technical approach developed by researchers from the University of Oxford and Earlham Institute. The goal is to identify proteins that may represent promising targets for treatment, which could lead to improved understanding and development of novel treatments.
Researchers have produced the most comprehensive genome of Sapria himalayana, a major Rafflesiaceae lineage found in Southeast Asia. The analysis revealed an astonishing degree of gene loss and surprising amounts of gene theft from ancient and modern hosts, offering new insights into the evolution of flowering plants.
A large study published in BMJ Open found that patients of Asian and black backgrounds suffered disproportionately high rates of premature death from COVID-19. Patients from these groups were more likely to be admitted to ICU, receive invasive ventilation, and die compared to white patients, according to the study.
Researchers at RUDN University have synthesized and described new dibenzophenazine-based discotic liquid crystals with promising properties for industrial electronics. The crystals can withstand temperatures up to 330? and show potential in organic optoelectronic devices and solar panels.
Scientists have achieved a record-breaking transmission of a laser signal through the atmosphere, eliminating turbulence. This breakthrough enables precise time comparisons and has exciting applications in fundamental physics research, including testing Einstein's theory of general relativity.
A protein called CEACAM7 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer, offering a safer alternative to current treatments. This discovery has led to the successful development of CAR T cell therapy, which effectively targeted and killed pancreatic cancer cells in a pre-clinical model.
Researchers analyzed dog-owner pairs to identify key factors influencing treatment outcomes. They found a negative relationship between introverted owners and fearful dogs, suggesting proactive follow-up is crucial for optimal results. The study aims to improve behavioral guidance for veterinarians and inform potential follow-up research.
Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis have discovered that Kamchatka's Shiveluch volcano contains around 10%-14% water by weight, a significantly higher amount than most volcanoes. This finding is significant as it could provide insights into the global water cycle and the plumbing systems of other volcanoes.
The researchers propose creating quantum bits by implanting magnetic atoms into a crystal lattice, enabling faster and more defined qubits. This design concept addresses the stability issue of traditional quantum computers, making them less error-prone and up to ten times faster.
Scientists used MRI to study brain activity during sleep, discovering that overall activity decreases but communication among brain regions becomes more dynamic. The findings suggest a breakdown in neural networks during transitions between light and deep sleep stages, with implications for understanding human consciousness.
Researchers at the University of Göttingen have successfully filmed a phase transition of a crystal structure using laser beams and ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. The experiment reveals the rapid formation and growth of tiny regions where the material undergoes a structural change, providing fundamental insights into light...
A new study found that adults who acquired their second language as a young child show quicker attention shifting and faster visual change detection than those who learned later. These cognitive benefits are thought to be linked to adaptations made by infants in bilingual homes.