Articles tagged with Embryonic Stem Cells
Researchers at Michigan Medicine are creating mini-guts in a dish using human stem cells to study the complex interaction between microbes, cells, and disease-causing bacteria. The 'guts in a dish' model aims to aid research on a wide range of diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders and emerging infections.
Researchers found that lung tissue can repair itself by using mature lung cells to regenerate new ones. Type 1 cells can transform into Type 2 cells to produce surfactant and help with gas exchange. This discovery has implications for treating conditions like COPD.
Scientists have discovered that the chromosomes in laboratory stem cells open slowly over time, allowing them to respond to growth factors and differentiate into specific cell types. This understanding could lead to advancements in stem cell research and the development of new therapies for diseases such as type 1 diabetes.
Researchers have created a disease signature for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may lead to new treatments. The study found that liver cells derived from AAT deficient iPSCs are more sensitive to drugs that cause liver toxicity than normal cells.
A UCI team led by Leslie Thompson will establish an HD therapy employing human embryonic stem cells that can be evaluated in clinical trials. The researchers have identified a highly promising neural stem cell line showing disease-modifying activity in HD mice, and will conduct preclinical efficacy and safety studies.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have created a video of thousands of progenitor cells in the pancreas making decisions, revealing that stem cells behave like individuals with social interactions influencing their choices. This study could lead to improved control over insulin-producing endocrine cells for diabetes treatment.
Research at Tufts University reveals that bioelectrical signals regulate embryonic brain development and can even repair genetic defects. The study found that manipulating these signals can induce the growth of new brain tissue in locations where it would not normally grow, offering a promising approach for regenerative medicine.
Researchers discovered that Oct4 gene alleles pair up at critical moment of embryonic stem cell differentiation, a process called tissue-specific cell development. This phenomenon supports the notion that allele pairing plays a role in regulating gene expression.
A new theoretical model proposes that heart muscle cells don't necessarily beat as a single entity, but rather as a bundle of contractile units. The alignment of these bundles is predicted to depend on the elasticity of the extracellular matrix and can affect the beating strength of the cell.
Researchers at the University of Manchester developed a protocol to grow and transform embryonic stem cells into cartilage cells, which could be used to treat osteoarthritis. The study showed that cartilage formed from embryonic stem cells was partially repaired in rats and demonstrated healthy, functional tissue after 12 weeks.
A study by Brown University biologists reveals that the loss of a gene in male mice leads to premature exhaustion of their fertility, with mice being fertile at first but quickly depleting their limited sperm supply. The research provides fundamental insights into sperm generation and has implications for understanding human fertility.
A study found Sall4 protein promotes DNA repair in embryonic stem cells, potentially aiding cancer cell survival. This discovery raises the possibility of targeting Sall4 for cancer treatment.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine found that culture conditions and passage methods affect genetic stability in human stem cells. The study highlights the need for quality control to ensure the safety of transplanted stem cells.
Researchers discovered that gene NR2F1 induces dormancy in tumor cells when activated, preventing rapid growth and division. Combining azacytidine and retinoic acid significantly increased NR2F1 activity, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes.
Scientists at RIKEN have successfully induced human embryonic stem cells to self-organize into a three-dimensional structure resembling the cerebellum. The resulting neurons demonstrated proper responses to currents and inhibition, indicating functional development. This breakthrough could lead to modeling of cerebellar diseases like s...
Scientists at the University of Iowa created human insulin-producing cells that respond to glucose and correct blood-sugar levels in diabetic mice. The findings may represent a step toward developing patient-specific cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes.
Researchers have identified a specific population of stem cells in the skin that exclusively generate and maintain Merkel cells, crucial for touch sensation. Removing these cells led to a permanent reduction in Merkel cells, highlighting their unique role.
Scientists at Weizmann Institute and Cambridge University successfully created human primordial germ cells, the earliest precursors of sperm and ova, in a lab. The breakthrough method could help address fertility issues and potentially enable new reproductive technologies.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge successfully created primordial germ cells from human embryonic stem cells, a crucial step in early mammalian development. The study identified a critical gene, SOX17, involved in directing human stem cells to become these cells, and showed that PGCs can be made from reprogrammed adult cells.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a way to promote stem cell growth by inhibiting their ability to make decisions. By blocking key choices, embryonic stem cells can be transformed into more efficient cell types, potentially leading to breakthroughs in cancer treatment and gut-related disorder therapies.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered a way to directly reprogram skin fibroblasts into functional melanocytes, the body's pigment-producing cells. This technique has significant implications for developing new cell-based treatments for skin diseases and screening strategies for melanoma.
Cell biologists at the University of Toronto have identified a region of the genome that regulates the activity of the critical stem cell gene Sox2, potentially advancing regenerative medicine. The discovery reveals how embryonic stem cells are maintained in their pluripotent state.
Researchers find that embryonic stem cells can modify their metabolism to keep their entire genome accessible, allowing them to renew themselves. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in regenerative medicine and a better understanding of cancer.
A team of scientists found that a specific chemical modification on RNA plays a key role in determining the ability of embryonic stem cells to adopt different cellular identities. Depleting or knocking out this component blocks stem cells from differentiating into specialized types of cells.
Researchers found a commonly prescribed muscle relaxant may be an effective treatment for Wolfram syndrome, a devastating form of type 1 diabetes. Dantrolene blocks the enzyme calpain 2, which causes cell death in insulin-producing cells.
Researchers at NYSCF found that SCNT-derived cells and IPS cells share similar genetic profiles, suggesting both methods are effective in generating stem cells. The study's findings imply that further investigation is needed to determine the suitability of each method for treating chronic diseases.
Scientists identify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as a key player in the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells, a breakthrough that could aid in developing induced pluripotent stem cell replacements for blood disorders. The discovery sheds light on the complexities of HSC genesis and paves the way for further research.
Using mouse embryonic stem cells, researchers have successfully reconstructed the early stage of mammalian development in a lab, showing that a critical mass of cells is needed for self-organisation into an embryo. This breakthrough allows for the creation of an axis and gastrulation-like movements, mimicking the process of embryonic d...
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered that a specific gene, Sox2, plays a crucial role in determining the source of stem cells in mammals. By studying mouse embryos, the team found that Sox2 appears to be acting ahead of other genes traditionally identified as playing critical roles in stem cell formation.
Scientists successfully reconstructed a patterned piece of spinal cord in 3-D culture using mouse embryonic stem cells. The study demonstrates the potential for in vitro growth of spinal cord structures and shows correct spatial organization of motor neurons, interneurons, and dorsal interneurons along the dorsal/ventral axis.
A Mount Sinai-led research team has discovered a new kind of stem cell that can become either a liver cell or a blood vessel cell, contradicting current theory on organ development. This discovery may hold clues to the origins of and future treatment for liver cancer.
Scientists at The University of Texas Health Science Center have developed a new method to generate mouse cells that can form bone and cartilage using small molecules. This approach offers great potential in the repair of bone defects through cartilage, with the ability to be scaled up for clinical purposes.
Researchers at Hebrew University develop a new cocktail of genes to coax adult cells into pluripotent stem cells, producing high-quality results. The new approach improves upon existing methods by reducing genetic abnormalities and increasing the proportion of successful cell reprogramming.
Research finds that metastatic melanoma cells and embryonic stem cells use distinct Type I serine/threonine kinase(s) for Nodal signal transduction, providing new therapeutic targets. The study's findings support a combinatorial approach to targeting Nodal subpopulations within tumors.
Researchers have developed a new reprogramming factor cocktail that produces high-quality induced pluripotent stem cells with fewer genetic abnormalities. The SNEL combination outperforms existing methods, such as OSKM, in terms of cell quality and efficiency.
A single nucleotide change in the FMR1 gene near its replication origin may cause fragile X syndrome by inactivating DNA replication. This substitution leads to increased risk of repeat expansions, resulting in intellectual disability.
Researchers have discovered the origin and behavior of pigment cells that form zebrafish stripes. The yellow cells undergo dramatic changes in cell shape to tint the stripe pattern, while silvery and black cells switch shapes to create a striking contrast between golden and blue colors.
Scientists used zebrafish as a model to study the regulation of stem cells in nerve tissue, discovering a previously unknown process that may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. They found that reducing miRNA-132 levels in zebrafish impairs stem cell development and blocks further maturation into nerve cells.
A new computer algorithm called CellNet has been created to guide stem cell medicine by providing a 'quality assurance' measure for lab-created cells. The algorithm assesses the complex network of genes in engineered cells, comparing them to their real-life counterparts, and provides guidance on improving the engineering process.
Scientists at UC San Diego School of Medicine discovered the Notch signaling pathway's early role in establishing hematopoietic stem cell fate during development. They found JAM proteins serve as co-receptors for Notch signaling, facilitating HSC precursor cells' growth.
Researchers have identified key mechanisms that trigger hematopoietic stem cell production, which could lead to new treatments for blood disorders. The discovery brings the potential for more widespread use of blood stem cells in therapy closer.
New research from Rockefeller University suggests that the speed of a signal plays a crucial role in determining an embryonic cell's fate. The study found that cells respond better to signals with pulses rather than continuous ones, and that slower increases in signal strength can lead to weaker responses.
A team of scientists at the University of California, San Diego, has developed synthetic glycopolymers that mimic natural sugars on cell surfaces. These molecules successfully guided embryonic stem cells into neural rosettes, precursors to mature neural cells.
Researchers have identified biochemical pathways that can inhibit reprogramming of gene activity in adult human cells, increasing the efficiency of stem-cell production. This breakthrough could lead to accelerated development of replacement tissue for failing body parts.
Whitehead Institute researchers have discovered a way to manipulate and maintain human ESCs in a "naïve" or base pluripotent state without reprogramming factors. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize human ESC research and may lead to new treatments for diseases.
Researchers at CNIO discover that NANOG gene is active in adult organisms, regulating cell division in stratified epithelia. Blocking NANOG action reduces tumour cell proliferation, highlighting its role in cancerous cells.
Scientists at OHSU have found that nuclear transfer is superior to iPS method in reprogramming human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, with the former producing stem cells almost identical to those from in vitro fertilized eggs. The study's findings hold major implications for developing better embryonic stem cells and therapies.
Researchers have shown that stem cells created using different methods produce differing cells, with nuclear transfer ES cells being more similar to real ES cells. The findings could lead to improved stem cell therapies and ultimately, the development of personalized treatments.
A new study finds that stem cells created by moving genetic material from a skin cell into an empty egg cell more closely resemble human embryonic stem cells than traditionally induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The method, known as nuclear transfer, results in cells with fewer reprogramming issues and better gene expression patterns.
Researchers have developed a new method to grow zebrafish embryonic stem cells for over 2 years without a feeder cell layer, simplifying their use and expanding their utility. The ability to establish and grow these stem cells enables exciting cellular and molecular genetic manipulations.
Scientists have successfully replicated the process of human embryonic stem cells differentiating into separate populations with a reproducible spatial order. By confining cells in tiny circular patterns on glass plates, researchers were able to induce endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm formation, mirroring natural conditions.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have successfully retrained human gastrointestinal cells to produce insulin in response to glucose. This breakthrough could potentially replace damaged cells lost in type 1 diabetes, offering a new avenue for treating the condition.
A new study by the Endocrine Society found that BPA reprograms human fetal prostate tissue, increasing the risk of precancerous lesions. Exposure to low doses of BPA was shown to alter fetal prostate formation and increase stem cells, potentially leading to disease with aging.
Human embryonic stem cell therapy has been shown to significantly reduce MS disease severity in animal models, offering a promising new treatment for the debilitating disease. The therapy also provides an unlimited source of high-quality mesenchymal stem cells, which can be propagated indefinitely in lab cultures.
Researchers use mathematical tool to analyze gene networks and determine transition pathways between steady states, providing insight into how stem cells differentiate. The study builds on previous theories, incorporating the role of protein binding to DNA in gene expression.
Researchers have discovered how embryonic stem cell fate is controlled, enabling future research into artificial cell manipulation. This breakthrough aims to repair or replace damaged human cells and tissues, restoring normal function.
A new study reveals that parasympathetic neurons originate from immature glial cells in mouse embryos, forming a previously unknown developmental pathway. This discovery may lead to new medical treatments for congenital disorders of the nervous system.
A time-lapse study reveals three major bottlenecks restricting the formation of colonies in human embryonic stem cells, including survival after plating and cell death after division. The research could lead to improved use of these cells in regenerative medicine.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed a new technique to simplify the study of protein networks and identify individual interactions. By introducing synthetic proteins into cells, they revealed a key interaction between Grb2 and Ptpn11/Shp2 phosphatase that regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have identified a new class of genetic switches, called seed enhancers, that guide the development of pluripotent stem cells. These enhancers play roles from before birth to adulthood and hold promise for regenerative medicine and disease prevention.