Articles tagged with Endoplasmic Reticulum
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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PERK's involvement in neurodegeneration is established through pathologic, genetic, and molecular links to various disorders. Long-term PERK activity triggers pro-apoptotic cascades, while current efforts to inhibit PERK show promising results in in vivo models of tauopathy.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identified the matchmaker that brings critical calcium channel components together, allowing calcium to rush into cytosol. This finding provides a potential target for developing drugs to modulate T cell activation status.
A new molecular pathway involved in heart attacks and death from heart disease has been identified by a Duke University research team. They found that stress on the endoplasmic reticulum organelle is associated with risk of future heart events and can be detected in bits of molecular detritus circulating in the blood.
Research published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that ER stress is linked to poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Targeting ER stress may be an effective treatment strategy for diabetes.
Researchers at UCI have found a biomarker for diagnosing certain forms of autism, which involves a cellular calcium signaling process. The study also points to potential new drug discovery advances by targeting the inositol trisphosphate receptor, a key player in this process.
Researchers at UMMS have discovered a new pathway that triggers regeneration of beta cells in the pancreas. This innovative approach may aid in the development of diabetes treatments by increasing the number of insulin-producing cells in response to increased demand.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health reveals a molecular mechanism connecting obesity-associated inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction in the development of type 2 diabetes. The research suggests that targeting inflammatory pathways could aid in the treatment of metabolic disease.
Scientists at UC Davis have identified endoplasmic reticulum stress as the significant driver of neuropathic pain. The discovery opens new avenues for treating chronic pain from various conditions, such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
A new tool has identified a novel anti-diabetes compound targeting ER stress, improving insulin production and glucose metabolism. The technology also shows promise in treating other diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, cystic fibrosis, and Alzheimer's.
A new mechanism for regulating blood pressure has been uncovered, involving the stress-sensitive gatekeeper protein ERp44. When ERp44 is released from cells, it accelerates the removal of angiotensin II from circulation, leading to a dramatic drop in blood pressure.
A recent study found that saturated fatty acids can induce cell death in cardiac muscle cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, unsaturated fatty acids protect these cells from damage. The research suggests a critical role for saturated fatty acids in heart disease development.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that increased stress in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key factor in the degeneration of upper motor neurons in ALS. This finding could lead to the development of new therapies aimed at improving the survival of these critical cells.
Researchers are investigating a protein that may be key to disabling endothelial dysfunction, a major risk factor for vascular disease in diabetes. By blocking PTP1B expression, the study aims to improve nitric oxide production and reduce inflammation, potentially leading to more effective treatments for diabetes-related complications.
Researchers found that excessive contact between cellular organelles disrupts metabolism in obesity, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. Disrupting these connections improved metabolic health in obese diabetic mice, pointing to a potential treatment target.
Researchers describe the Terasaki ramps in the endoplasmic reticulum as spiral structures that connect parallel sheets, allowing for high density of ribosomes. This geometry is stable and minimizes energy, consistent with the laminar structure of the stacks.
Duke University researchers found that stressed cells slow down protein production, reshuffle their workload, and clean up misfolded proteins. This response mechanism could shed light on diseases caused by misfolded proteins.
Research identifies TOR signalling pathway as key driver of endoplasmic reticulum expansion in cancer cells, enabling constant protein and lipid production. The findings may uncover future targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have identified a critical weakness in metastatic cancer cells, which are resistant to current anticancer drugs. The compound targets the endoplasmic reticulum of these cells, causing them to die.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered a molecular 'scaffold' that allows key parts of cells to interact, which comes apart in dementia and motor neuron disease, revealing a potential new target for drug discovery.
A study published in Neural Regeneration Research found that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a crucial role in the death of ganglion cells and impairment of retinal microvessels in diabetic retinopathy. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatment effectively inhibited this pathway, providing protection against diabetic retinopathy.
A study in The Journal of General Physiology reveals how nicotine up-regulates nAChRs through COPI-coated vesicles, playing a major role in nicotine addiction. This finding may also contribute to the decreased susceptibility of smokers to Parkinson's disease.
Researchers used high-resolution 3D imaging to study the disassembly process of the Golgi apparatus during cell division. The results show that the Golgi apparatus is tightly linked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and redistributes into the ER during mitosis, resolving a basic cellular question.
Researchers at Brown University have identified a small molecule compound called Retro-2 that successfully controls the spread of three polyomaviruses in human cell cultures. The compound protects up to 90.5% of cells from infection, offering new hope for treatment options.
Researchers discovered a disease mechanism in type 1 diabetes that can be targeted using simple, naturally occurring molecules like TUDCA. The study highlights the potential for improving ER function and reducing the incidence of T1D in high-risk populations.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge discovered that specialized intestinal cells called Paneth cells play a major role in inflammation underlying Crohn's disease. The study identifies autophagy as a key mechanism in removing ER-stressed membranes, which are rendered inflammatory by misfolded proteins.
Researchers develop mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia linked to changes in endoplasmic reticulum structure associated with REEP1 mutations, which impair ER function. The new model provides insight into how ER morphology affects axon loss in HSP.
Researchers develop mouse models of hereditary spastic paraplegia and distal renal tubular acidosis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases. The studies reveal key roles for REEP1 in ER shaping and β-intercalated cells in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
A team from IRB Barcelona discovered Mitofusin 2 plays a crucial role in measuring cellular stress levels. Removing Mfn2 leads to disrupted stress response pathways, reducing the capacity of cells to overcome stress.
Researchers visualized ER sheet stacking revealing a 'parking garage' structure with helical ramps for efficient protein synthesis. This optimized structure allows for maximum space usage within cells.
Mount Sinai researchers discover that diabetics using glucose meters at appointments have improved disease control. A study found that patients with controlled diabetes had a lower Hemoglobin A1c level compared to those without monitored glucose levels.
Researchers at Brown University found a link between protein processing and appetite regulation, suggesting that ER stress may play a key role in obesity. Intervening with certain chemicals has the potential to restore normal alpha-MSH production, potentially breaking the cycle of obesity.
Researchers found that cancer cells use unfolded protein response (UPR) to manipulate immune cells, making them ineffective against tumors. Tumor cells exploit UPR to promote their survival and growth, and this mechanism is being targeted for potential therapy and improved cancer vaccines.
A genetic screen of roundworms identified two proteins required for the expansion of lipid droplets, which are associated with obesity and health hazards. The study reveals an anatomical link between these proteins and suggests that they act synergistically to allow cells to store more fat and expand lipid droplet size.
Researchers have identified thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a target for therapies in diabetes and Wolfram syndrome. The molecule is involved in the initiation of local inflammation that can lead to systemic inflammation.
Scientists discover that cellular stress takes place in pancreatic beta cells before T1D onset, potentially igniting autoimmune attack. ER stress response may contribute to beta cell dysfunction and death, shedding light on disease progression and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers have discovered a crucial link between mitochondrial function and heart damage caused by chronic alcoholism. Using electron microscopic tomography, the team created the first 3D images of mitochondria, revealing tiny tethers linking them to another cell compartment where calcium is stored.
Researchers identified a novel cellular function that targets proteins to red blood cells, enabling them to stick to and block blood vessels. Strategies that prevent this host-targeting process could lead to new treatments for malaria. The discovery, published in the journal Cell, provides urgent need for innovative therapies.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that hydrogen sulfide regulates a signaling pathway implicated in biological malfunctions. H2S modifies an enzyme called PTP1B, preventing it from inactivating PERK, a sensor of unfolded proteins and a critical regulator of cell response to ER stress.
A recent study by University of Colorado Boulder researchers has revealed a surprising connection between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, two critical cell organelles. Mitochondrial defects have been linked to various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
A recent study published in Science reveals that mitochondrial division occurs at points where the two structures, mitochondria and ER, touch. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of cell organization and the development of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
Scientists discovered that a single amino acid prevents perforin from killing host cells, protecting cytotoxic lymphocytes from destruction. The findings shed light on the immune system's ability to regulate cell death and disease.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells generate a 'stress response' signal that induces nearby macrophages to issue a similar stress response, promoting inflammation and tumor development. This finding presents a potential target for tumor-specific therapies.
A new study reveals that ER stress can lead to the destruction of a protein that regulates calcium signaling in neurons, causing brain damage similar to neurodegenerative diseases. The researchers found that a protective chaperone protein helps maintain the interaction between this protein and calcium signaling.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have identified a new strategy to treat type 2 diabetes by activating a cellular pathway that fails in obese individuals. The approach normalizes blood glucose levels in severely obese and diabetic mice, suggesting potential benefits for human treatment.
Scientists discover GM1-ganglioside builds up in brain cells of patients with GM1-gangliosidosis, disrupting calcium balance and leading to programmed cell death. The study suggests a two-step process and identifies key proteins involved in the disease.
Research shows prolonged stress can induce cell death in aging-related diseases like atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration by triggering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to release calcium stores. ER proteins ERO1-alpha and IP3R play a crucial role in this process, suggesting potential new targets for treatment.
Scientists discovered that neurons and plant root cells may use a similar mechanism to grow, shedding light on the genetics of hereditary spastic paraplegias. The study proposes that defects in the endoplasmic reticulum shape may cause HSP, with potential applications in Arabidopsis research.
Researchers discovered that atlastin, a previously underappreciated protein, plays a critical role in building and maintaining healthy cells by fusing intracellular membranes. This process is essential for cell function and development.
A new study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that two FDA-approved drugs can restore leptin sensitivity in obese mice, potentially treating obesity. The drugs, PBA and TUDCA, act as ER stress reducers and sensitize the brain's hypothalamus to leptin.
Children's researchers found that ER stress and unfolded-protein response block leptin action in the brain; chemical chaperones can re-sensitize the brain to leptin, leading to significant weight loss. Leptin-sensitizing agents may bring new hope for obesity treatment
Researchers found a novel gene, bZIP28, regulating heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. This discovery may lead to creating crops more resilient to warmer climates.
A research team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has identified a brain pathway responsible for regulating food intake and body weight. The discovery, published in Cell, suggests that targeting this pathway could lead to new treatments for obesity and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
A recent study published in the journal Diabetes found that fat tissue in obese patients has impaired cellular function, leading to increased risk of insulin resistance and related conditions. The researchers discovered significant differences in the cellular structure and function of fat cells between lean and obese individuals.
A team of researchers has discovered the key component of a human cell's quality control mechanism, known as ERdj5, which plays a crucial role in degrading misfolded proteins. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new treatments for cystic fibrosis and other hereditary diseases.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have uncovered a gene mechanism that induces a bystander effect, selectively killing cancer cells through apoptosis. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating metastatic disease.
ALS researchers have identified a molecular pathway where mutated SOD1 leads to accumulation of malformed proteins in motor neurons, causing ER stress and cell death. Inactivating key factors in this pathway may mitigate neurodegeneration and prolong survival in mouse models.
Researchers identify key cellular components that carry out protein disposal and shed light on how proteasome inhibitors interfere with this process. The discovery could lead to novel cancer drugs targeting the protein disposal mechanism.
Researchers at Yale University discovered that Legionella proteins work together to survive by hijacking cellular compartments. The bacteria manipulate macrophages to transport them to nutrient-rich organelles, where they replicate in high numbers.
Scientists discovered that genetic variations do not negatively affect the efficacy of fluvastatin in renal transplant patients. Additionally, researchers created synthetic lipids called pseudoceramides to treat skin diseases and found them to significantly increase protein production when skin cells differentiate.
Researchers found that melanocytes use a mechanism called premature senescence to prevent cancer-causing mutations from triggering melanoma. This process involves the endoplasmic reticulum, which senses oncogene activity and triggers a response that stops cell division and prevents tumor growth.