Articles tagged with Endoplasmic Reticulum
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers Scott Glaberman and Ylenia Chiari investigate the relationship between body size and longevity in Galapagos tortoises. They hypothesize that enhanced ER stress responses contribute to the evolution of large body sizes and long lifespans.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed novel anticancer compounds that inhibit the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, a key player in ER stress response. These inhibitors show selective activity against malignant B cells, including MM and CLL, with improved tumor specificity.
Researchers have developed a novel amphiphilic AIE-active sensor that can overcome the traditional bioimaging bottleneck by achieving high targeting ability and selectivity. The sensor utilizes an amphiphilic characteristic to prevent aggregation in aqueous environments and ensure accurate fluorescence signal mapping.
Salk researchers developed a new imaging technique to study actin's function in mitochondrial division, revealing its accumulation at fission sites. The findings provide insights into mitochondrial dysfunction linked to cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have identified Atg40 as an ER-phagy receptor that curves and folds the ER membrane to facilitate autophagy. This process is crucial for proper cellular function and has significant practical applications in understanding diseases involving ER malfunction.
Researchers at HKUST have discovered a new mechanism that regulates planar cell polarity, a process crucial for development and organ function. The study reveals a critical protein interaction that enables efficient delivery of PCP proteins to the cell surface, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
A study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers reveals that defective CLN6 causes toxic waste accumulation in cells, leading to progressive degeneration and cell death. The researchers found that CLN6 works together with CLN8 to transport enzymes to lysosomes, and when CLN6 is defective, this process is impaired.
Researchers from Kanazawa University discovered SLC35B1 as a crucial molecule in the detoxification process, enabling glucuronidation of drugs and toxicants. The study revealed that SLC35B1 significantly affects UGT activity when knocked down, suggesting its vital role in regulating this complex process.
Researchers identified 115 MAM-specific proteins using a new technique, Contact-ID, which facilitates calcium transport and lipid metabolism. The discovery is significant for understanding neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism by which mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum communicate in brown fat cells, affecting heat production and leading to dysfunctional mitochondria. Without this complex, mice become cold-sensitive and develop abnormal lipid droplets.
A new study reveals that maternal obesity triggers cellular stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, disrupting hypothalamic development and leading to offspring obesity. Bile acid treatment mitigates these changes, reversing obesity-related metabolic issues in mice offspring.
Researchers have discovered how Zika virus protein NS1 reshapes host cell ER to facilitate viral replication. Blocking this process could lead to novel treatments for patients infected with Zika or similar viruses.
A genetic screen in worms reveals TRAP-alpha as a crucial component of the insulin synthesis pathway, affecting both early and late steps. The findings support the idea that defects in insulin synthesis contribute to Type 2 diabetes, and may lead to new approaches for prevention and treatment.
Salk scientists discovered how microprotein PIGBOS contributes to mitigating cell stress, which can lead to cancer and neurodegeneration. The study suggests that targeting PIGBOS could provide new therapies for human disease.
Researchers found that ATL-mediated membrane tethering plays a critical role in maintaining cargo mobility and COPII formation in the ER. In ATL-deleted cells, cargo packaging into COPII vesicles was significantly reduced, highlighting the importance of ATL in regulating membrane trafficking.
Researchers developed a probe that accurately traces the sigma-1 receptor on ER surfaces, showing promise for studying neurological disorders and cancer. The probe was tested on prostate cancer cells, haloperidol-sensitive signal detected.
Plant scientists at Cambridge and Bordeaux have discovered a gene called Phloem Unloading Modulator (PLM) that affects nutrient trafficking in plants. The study found that PLM relieves a bottleneck, allowing plants to transport nutrients more efficiently, resulting in faster-growing roots.
Trichoplax harbors two unusual bacterial symbionts that live in specific host cells, with Grellia residing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Ruthmannia in cells used for digestion. This discovery reveals a sophisticated level of complexity in Trichoplax.
Researchers have developed a novel compound that specifically targets the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in cancer cells, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth. The compound can be precisely activated by UV irradiation and emits fluorescence, allowing real-time tracking of its activity.
A team of scientists has developed a protein sensor that allows them to visualize where nicotine collects inside cells, revealing its effects on neural cells and the nature of nicotine addiction. The sensor, composed of a special protein, detects nicotine molecules and activates fluorescent proteins to glow brightly.
A study in The American Journal of Pathology reveals the connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress and pseudoachondroplasia, a severe inherited dwarfing condition. Disrupting a self-perpetuating cellular loop of ER stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress may lead to therapeutic advances.
Researchers from George Washington University aim to understand the role of brain endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study, funded by $2.4 million from the National Institutes of Health, will examine the link between ER stress and transcription factor activation in NAFLD development.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a new mechanism for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8, a form of Batten disease. The study found that the CLN8 protein plays a crucial role in facilitating the transfer of lysosomal enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome.
Researchers found that a protein pair, STIM1 and ORAI, control cellular calcium signals through structural changes. The discovery lays groundwork for novel treatments to manipulate aberrant calcium signaling in the immune system.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology discovered the role of Atg2 in tethering pre-autophagosomal membranes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The study found that Atg2's N- and C-terminal regions have membrane-binding capabilities, allowing it to initiate autophagosome formation and expand membranes. Understanding this mechanism is ...
A new study found that Lutemax 2020 supplementation reduces photoreceptor damage caused by blue light exposure. The supplement's lutein and zeaxanthin isomers protect the eye by decreasing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
The University of Freiburg team found that auxin-mimicking molecules accumulate primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum before entering the nucleus, regulating gene expression. This signaling pathway helps control various plant processes, including development and responses to environmental changes.
Researchers at TSRI found that cells activate protective pathways during stress, leading to longer mitochondria and improved energy production. This mechanism may help combat stress and age-related diseases.
A new study found that phosphorylation of IRE1 regulates its RIDD function, which is critical for antibody production in response to immunization. The research provides deeper understanding of the ER stress response and its implications in various human pathological conditions.
Researchers have discovered that increasing lipid production in the lungs can reduce lung scarring by 70-80 percent. The study's findings suggest that failing to produce lipids due to injury or age-related metabolic changes may contribute to lung fibrosis development.
Researchers discovered that dengue virus takes over an accordion-shaped structure within host cells to produce proteins, while avoiding the larger fluid-filled space of the cell. This subtle approach allows the virus to reproduce tens of thousands of times without triggering the body's defenses.
Researchers have discovered how cells adapt to stressors by reprogramming their internal signaling networks, which could lead to therapeutics for multiple diseases. The studies focus on cellular mechanisms that protect against cell death and dysfunction, particularly in the context of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Researchers discovered that an enzyme called squalene monooxygenase (SM) responds to increased cholesterol levels by being destroyed, reducing cholesterol production. This finding could lead to new treatments targeting SM, potentially decreasing cholesterol levels.
Researchers discovered that reducing a mitochondrial protein in cardiac muscle cells initiates cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. The findings suggest that restoring proper function of mitochondria-associated ER membranes may be a novel target for treating heart failure.
Researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health discovered Nrf1 protein's role in maintaining cholesterol balance within cells. The protein senses and responds to excess cholesterol, promoting protective countermeasures and potentially treating diseases where cholesterol metabolism is disrupted.
Researchers found berberine improves diabetic encephalopathy through the SIRT1/ER stress pathway in db/db mice, linked to better lipid metabolism and decreased fasting glucose. The compound also protects against central nervous system degeneration and cognitive impairment.
Researchers used a novel method to map protein interactions between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, shedding light on their crucial roles in cellular signaling and exchange. Faulty connections have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study reveals that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation plays a crucial role in controlling hormone levels and systemic water balance. The research found that misfolded proteins can lead to hormone imbalance and diseases such as diabetes insipidus, highlighting the importance of protein folding and quality control.
Researchers found an enzyme called DGAT1 that helps protect a key organelle within cells from toxic fatty acids. This discovery contributes to understanding common metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive biochemical process linked to cell homeostasis, crucial for maintaining normal physiological function. Prolonged ER stress can push the UPR past beneficial functions, contributing to various disease states, making it a global target for novel therapeutic intervention.
Researchers discovered autonomous 12-hour clocks that work independently from 24-hour cycles and can be modified by external factors. Altered 12-hour cycles have been associated with human diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic disorders. The study identified over 3,000 genes that follow 12-hour rhythms.
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine found that cancer cells exploit the unfolded protein response (UPR) to activate Wnt signaling, promoting tumor survival and drug resistance. This mechanism enables cancer cells to cope with nutrient deprivation and therapies, contributing to intra-tumor heterogeneity.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have gained insights into STIM1's molecular determinants for calcium flux activation. The study reveals that the transmembrane, first coiled-coil, and cytosolic domains of STIM1 are crucial for controlling calcium entry into mammalian cells.
Researchers from the University of Michigan have discovered how polyomaviruses hijack cellular molecular motors to build a portal for itself, allowing it to reach the nucleus and cause problems. The findings could aid in the development of new treatments or preventive strategies against polyomavirus diseases such as Merkel cell carcinoma.
Researchers from Kyoto University have made a breakthrough in understanding the role of unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers in coping with ER stress. They found that different UPR transducers are activated selectively, depending on the developmental stage of the cell and type of stress, to orchestrate various biological processes.
Researchers have characterized the unusual cell death process triggered by starvation, where the endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role. This discovery may shed new light on tumor progression and ischemia-related cell death in cancer and other diseases.
Researchers have discovered a new cellular mechanism - an underlying defect in brain cells - that may cause multiple sclerosis. A protein called Rab32 is present in large quantities in the brains of people with MS but virtually absent in healthy brain cells.
Blocking IRE1 with a small molecule prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice, according to UC Santa Barbara cell biologist Diego Acosta-Alvear. Sustained UPR activation has been implicated in various diseases, and this research aims to understand how diseased cells adapt stress response networks to survive.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have discovered how peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum interact at the molecular level, crucial for lipid production and cell survival. Loss of this interaction leads to severe disorders, prompting hope for diagnosis and treatment.
A novel type of cell death, called ballooning cell death (BCD), has been identified in Huntington's disease. BCD is associated with mutant huntingtin and causes cells to expand like a balloon before rupturing.
A study by Nagoya University found that collapse of the MAM is a common pathological hallmark in SOD1- and SIGMAR1-linked ALS. This disruption leads to Ca2+ dysregulation, exacerbating neurodegeneration. The researchers suggest targeting MAM disruption for future therapeutics.
When we eat fatty foods, our body's response is coordinated between digestive organs, nervous system, and gut microbes. Intestinal cells undergo interior remodeling in response to fat influx, including changes in nuclear shape and gene activation.
A recent CU Boulder study has shown that mitochondrial division is a complex process involving at least three constriction steps and two proteins, Drp1 and Dyn2. The discovery changes the understanding of mitochondrial function and its role in cellular processes such as energy generation and longevity.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that the protein IRE-1 can react to ROS molecules, triggering an antioxidant response that increases cell resistance to stress. This discovery highlights the need to consider ROS molecules as links in cell pathways, not just as damaging agents.
A new study reveals that Wolfram syndrome's mitochondrial dynamics impairment delays neuronal development, causing deafness, optic atrophy, and psychiatric disorders. The study highlights the causal role of regulating mitochondrial turnover in the disease's defects.
Scientists have created a tool to track reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the interface of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum organelles, revealing localized signaling loops that regulate mitochondrial energy production. ROS play a crucial role in normal biochemical processes, but their effects can be toxic if uncontrolled.
Researchers found that neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease stems from endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than mitochondrial failure. ER stress prevents neurons from producing vital proteins, leading to their death. By blocking ER stress, scientists were able to prevent neurodegeneration in mutant flies.
A study published in Nutrition & Diabetes has found that overeating reduces levels of the hormone uroguanylin, which signals feelings of fullness in the brain. When mice were overfed, their small intestines stopped producing this hormone, leading to increased eating behavior.
A study reveals CHOP/GADD153-dependent apoptosis is driven by micro-RNA miR-216b expression in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, with significant implications for various diseases. The findings provide molecular insights into the role of CHOP in regulating cell death and have potential applications for novel therapies.
A study published in Nature Communications found that visceral fat is strongly linked to metabolic disease and insulin resistance. Researchers identified the regulatory molecule TRIP-Br2 as a key player in this process, which could lead to potential therapeutic agents against obesity.