Articles tagged with Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Researchers at Vanderbilt University found that aging cells remodel their endoplasmic reticulum through ER-phagy, a process linked to lifespan and healthy aging. This discovery highlights the ER as a potential drug target for age-related chronic conditions.
For the first time, researchers have directly visualized how newly formed cellular organelles leave the endoplasmic reticulum and transition onto microtubule tracks inside living cells. The study reveals that the ER plays an active role in steering intracellular traffic.
Researchers have developed a novel nanomedicine, mPEG@ELA-11, which demonstrates significant potential in treating atherosclerosis by suppressing macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. The study found that mPEG@ELA-11 reduces atherosclerotic plaque area and necrotic core size compared to free ELA-11.
Janelia researchers have uncovered a complex interplay between the ER and lysosomes, with Lunapark stabilizing ER junctions and lysosomes regulating nearby translation. This finely tuned partnership links nutrient sensing and stress signaling to protein biogenesis.
Researchers develop nanoparticle-based therapy combining hydroxyl-enriched fullerenol and mTOR inhibitors to disrupt cancer cells' organelle communication system. The approach triggers a synergistic "nanomaterial + metabolic modulation" anticancer strategy, establishing a new hope for treating aggressive cancers.
Researchers at Mizzou discovered a natural compound, kaempferol, that may help protect nerve cells and slow progression of ALS and dementia. The compound showed promise in lab-grown nerve cells by improving energy production and reducing stress on protein-processing centers.
A team of Chinese researchers identified a novel intercellular signaling mechanism between adipocytes and hepatocytes in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The study reveals that ceramide, a fat molecule, plays a key role in activating the unfolded protein response pathway in hepatocytes.
The study highlights the role of the Nwd1 gene in liver disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. Mice with Nwd1 gene deletion exhibited liver pathologies mirroring MASH, including excessive lipid accumulation and increased ER stress.
Researchers discovered that a network of subcellular structures similar to those responsible for muscle contraction are also present in brain cells. These structures, called contact sites, play a crucial role in transmitting calcium signals that regulate neuronal signaling. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms ...
A novel 'reporter' molecule has been developed to detect ER-related problems during protein synthesis, offering simplicity and robustness against environmental fluctuations. The tool uses a firefly luciferase-based system to identify defects in protein translocation and disulfide bond formation.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism to detach and recycle parts of cellular canal membranes as needed. The study, conducted with supercomputer simulations, shows that protein regions can cause the membrane to bulge and pinch off, forming vesicles for recycling.
Live imaging techniques reveal that the secretory pathway plays a crucial role in de novo membrane formation, with Gip1 identified as a key molecule affecting this process. In Gip1-deficient cells, abnormal spore plasma membranes are formed due to defects in regenerating ER exit sites.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered a protein pair, BAP2 and IRE1, that work together to regulate the response to ER stress in plants. This finding has significant implications for breeding crops more resilient to drought and heat conditions.
Researchers found that nutrient-starved cells divert ER exit sites to lysosomes for degradation, using a novel pathway to free up amino acids. This process involves the recruitment of molecules to direct ER exit sites to lysosomes, where they are destroyed and their components recycled.
Emerging from a need to understand organelle interactions, researchers have developed OrthoID, a novel strategy that refines protein identification at organelle contact sites. This method uses mutually orthogonal binding pairs to label and isolate proteins involved in cellular communication.
Researchers discovered ERMA, a cellular transport 'pump', plays a crucial role in guiding magnesium to heart cells. Targeting ERMA could lead to new treatments for heart conditions by maintaining stable calcium balances.
A team of researchers has discovered the role of an enzyme in recycling ribosomes at the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme, a special E3 ligase, joins a small protein modification called UFM1 to the large ribosomal subunit, ensuring its detachment from the ER membrane.
Researchers have developed a synergistic antitumor drug that activates calcium channels in tumor cells, leading to a deadly influx of calcium ions. The treatment involves using a bioactive agent to generate reactive oxygen species, which triggers the activation of calcium channels in both the outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a relationship between ALS progression and the disruption of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) and TBK1 activity. Decreased activation of TBK1 is linked to motor neuron death in ALS patients and mice with disrupted MAM.
Researchers found that Angelica gigas extract improves vascular function in high-fat diet rats, reversing endothelial dysfunction and increasing NO bioavailability. The extract regulates IRE1α sulfonation and RIDD signaling, promoting NO production via the SIRT1-eNOS axis.
A promising drug candidate CDNF has been found to prolong the lifespan of ALS patients and alleviate symptoms in rats and mice. The study suggests that CDNF may rescue motoneurons by reducing ER stress response and cell death.
Autophagy helps protect cardiomyocytes from damage caused by anthracycline drugs like Doxorubicin. The study found that a protein regulator called ER-phagy alleviates Dox-induced cardiomyopathy, promoting cell survival.
A new study reveals that the cellular chaperone protein GRP78 migrates to the nucleus under stress and alters gene activities, allowing cancer cells to become more mobile and invasive. This discovery offers potential new approaches for cancer treatment, including down-regulating GRP78 activity or preventing it from binding to ID2.
Researchers discovered distinct variants of the mitochondrial protein Mitofusin 2, ERMIT2 and ERMIN2, located on the endoplasmic reticulum, forming a bridge between mitochondria and this organelle. These variants play a crucial role in maintaining optimal cellular functionality and regulating lipid metabolism.
Scientists have identified a molecular control centre responsible for processing newly formed proteins correctly when they leave the cell's protein factories. The ribosomal gatekeeper NAC ensures the excision of methionine from specific proteins, preventing cell death.
Researchers used unbiased genetic screening to identify genes involved in regulating sleep in worms, finding that proteins play a crucial role. These findings suggest new approaches for preventing diseases related to sleep disturbances and inflammation.
A team of scientists led by Professor Ivan Đikić and Christian Hübner identified the role of ubiquitin in regulating ER-phagy, a process involved in the degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum. This discovery sheds light on neurodegenerative diseases caused by defective FAM134B and ARL6IP1 proteins.
A team of scientists identified a critical transcription factor, ANAC013, that plays a key role in the early response to hypoxia in plants. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
A team of researchers has identified a molecular switch that regulates autophagy in plants, bridging two quality control pathways. The study reveals that this regulatory mechanism is conserved in eukaryotes and essential for preventing cells from 'eating' healthy cellular components.
Researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine found that p97 protein mutations can cause organelle miscommunication, leading to the accumulation of molecules on mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts. This miscommunication can modulate membrane rigidity and impact interorganelle interactions.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a system known as the GET pathway as crucial for regulating the numbers of energy-producing mitochondria. The study found that disruption of the GET pathway leads to reduced mitophagy, a process responsible for removing defective or excess mitochondria.
A new study by researchers at Florida Atlantic University explored the effects of resistance training on older adults' cellular level. The study found that resistance training did not significantly affect inflammatory proteins or redox balance markers, but showed a significant reduction in a specific protein ratio. This may support the...
Researchers discovered that 15-deoxy-prostamide-J2 induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis selectively in tumor cells, reducing melanoma growth. The molecule activates PERK, IP3R, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, leading to cell death.
Researchers discovered that starvation causes changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure in human cells, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and severe energy deficiency. This mechanism is crucial for understanding the progression of X-linked centronuclear myopathy.
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered a vital role of two proteins, ABCA1 and Aster-A, in maintaining the asymmetric distribution of cholesterol within cells. This process allows for selective control over substances entering and leaving cells.
Researchers discovered that RNA interference, a viral defence mechanism, also prevents overproduction of body's own proteins in intestinal cells, promoting ER quality control. This interplay is crucial for maintaining protein balance and overall intestinal health.
Researchers from University of Cologne and Technical University of Munich discovered that the signal peptidase complex plays a crucial role in quality control of membrane proteins. The complex cleaves faulty membrane proteins to initiate their degradation, maintaining cellular function. This discovery has important implications for und...
The study uses 3D electron microscopy and live cell imaging to observe molecular tethers between organelles. These dynamic structures are constantly binding and unbinding, altering contact site configuration in response to cellular changes.
A team of researchers has developed a bioorthogonal molecular system that selectively transports nitrite ions to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are released, triggering cell death in cancer cells. The system demonstrates synergistic effects with various cancer therapy drugs.
The study found that the interaction between two organelles in the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, controls the transfer of cholesterol to the plasma membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining proper lipid composition at the cell surface.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have identified a universal mechanism for lysosomal repair, known as the PITT pathway, which helps maintain cellular longevity. The study reveals that damaged lysosomes are quickly repaired through the PITT pathway, but defects in this process can contribute to age-related diseases such as Al...
SLFN11 acts as a surveillance factor for protein homeostasis by alleviating proteotoxic stress derived from protein synthesis and maturation. Its lack makes cells vulnerable to anticancer drugs inducing ER and proteotoxic stress, leading to chemoresistance. SLFN11 is also involved in regulating immune response and inflammation.
A genetic defect in flies leads to motor disorders, similar to those found in humans with Parkinson's disease. The study suggests that Creld, a protein involved in energy production, may play an important role in the development of Parkinson's.
Researchers create CDyB, a fluorescent probe that targets SLC35C2 transporter in B cells, allowing for live-cell distinction from T cells. The study enriches the molecular probe toolbox and opens possibilities for multi-dimensional cell analysis.
Researchers discovered a mechanism by which plants stabilize protein molecules during folding, even in low-oxygen conditions. The study found that the redox potential of supporting proteins plays a critical role in disulfide bridge formation and protein folding.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science developed novel complex-peptide hybrids that induce programmed cell death in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells through paraptosis. The compounds, syn-6 and anti-6, inhibit cell death by uncoupling mitochondrial calcium uptake and inducing cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to cell death.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have identified a new mechanism that appears to reverse the build-up of aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. By stressing cells, they found that protein misfolding was eliminated, potentially allowing for the refolding of correctly folded proteins.
The study found that a solid state of oskar RNP granules is crucial for localization and function in Drosophila embryos. Genetic engineering resulted in defects when granules were made liquid-like, highlighting the importance of biophysical properties.
An international research team found that the protein complex NAC acts as a 'gatekeeper' controlling protein transport to the endoplasmic reticulum. NAC prevents non-specific binding of SRP to ribosomes, ensuring only proteins with ER destination are transported. This sorting mechanism ensures cellular function and viability.
Researchers found that mitochondria can respire away harmful substances to protect protein folding, revealing an unexpected 'patron saint' role. This mechanism is triggered by reductive stress and protects proteins destined for export, showcasing the flexibility of plant mitochondria.
Scientists have identified a crucial mechanism for Rhodopsin production in fruit flies, which may lead to a better understanding of retinitis pigmentosa and vision loss. The study reveals that the EMC protein complex is essential for the proper folding and insertion of Xport-A, a key chaperone of Rhodopsin.
Researchers at Tel-Aviv University have shed light on the Sigma-1 receptor's topology and function in neurodegenerative diseases. The study reveals that the receptor is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and its amino end faces the cytoplasm, providing a crucial mechanism for therapeutic approaches to alleviate suffering from ALS.
Researchers describe how cancer cells exploit genetic and cellular processes to promote tumor survival and growth. The study found that aneuploidy, a condition of abnormal chromosome number, intersects with the stress response mechanism in cancer cells, leading to immune cell dysregulation.
A research team at VIB-KU Leuven discovered the early assembly of gamma-secretase, a protein complex involved in plaque production and linked to Alzheimer's disease. The 'buckle up' mechanism prevents premature assembly and activity, allowing for precise regulation of gamma-secretase activity.
Researchers discovered APA's function in allowing certain mRNAs to reach specific sites of protein synthesis, shedding light on mRNA metabolism. APA impacts the connection between mRNAs and the endoplasmic reticulum, enabling signaling proteins to be encoded in specific cellular locations.
A recent study published in Hepatology has identified a molecular signature for ER stress in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, which is associated with poorer prognosis and higher incidence of complications. The discovery opens up new treatment options by targeting ER stress with drugs already in clinical testing.
Researchers found that loperamide triggers autophagic cell death in glioblastoma cells by inducing ER stress, opening new avenues for treatment strategies. The mechanism may also be applicable to other diseases where ER degradation is disrupted.
Tiny components within cells, such as lysosomes, drive the movement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a key organelle responsible for protein production. This discovery has significant implications for understanding and treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Researchers from Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center have determined the 3D structure of a molecular machine responsible for correctly placing tail-anchored membrane proteins into biomembranes. This finding provides crucial insights into protein transport and insertion, shedding light on the final steps of the process.
Researchers discovered that autophagy protects neurons by regulating calcium levels, which are essential for excitatory transmission. When autophagy is switched off, calcium stores become damaged, leading to elevated neurotransmitter release and neuronal hyperactivity.