A new simulator study demonstrates the role of the nasal cavity in dispersing respiratory aerosols, impacting disease transmission. Aerosol dynamics vary depending on exhalation method and environment.
A new grant will support a five-year investigation into the role of the brain's reward network in two neurodevelopmental conditions. Researchers will use high-resolution fMRI scans to analyze how the reward network interacts with other parts of the brain in autism, ADHD, and co-occurring autism and ADHD.
Researchers have developed a network-based approach to understand how immune cells called microglia transform and drive harmful processes like neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified three unique subtypes of harmful microglia that promote disease progression, with genetic signatures driving their behaviors.
A study led by UF Health Cancer Center researchers found that a toxin in the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni accelerates the spread of colorectal tumors. The findings could lead to new tools for detecting metastatic colorectal cancer early, ultimately helping determine patients who need more aggressive treatments.
The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture has won a four-year grant to create hands-on curriculum about AI-related technologies for future farmers and leaders. Selected students will test the curriculum in drones, robotics, and other smart agriculture technologies, gaining skills in coding, drone-work, and robotics.
Researchers found that roof greening in all major Chinese cities could potentially create a large carbon sink, with grass planting scenarios showing approximately 52.2 Tg C a−1 emissions offset, equivalent to fully offsetting household emissions. Prioritizing greenery on low-rise roofs can harvest the most carbon sinks, over 90%.
The study found that critical states in animal groups consist of heterogeneous structures, with role sharing among individuals being crucial for optimized decision-making. The distribution of criticality was nonuniform within the group, but averaging confirmed traditional criticality status.
Researchers discovered a single mutation in the H5N1 virus that improves its ability to attach to human cells, potentially making it easier for humans to become infected. The study's findings stress the importance of continued genomic surveillance and public health preparedness to monitor potential genetic changes.
A study reveals that 36 non-native mammal species are threatened in their original range, highlighting the need to weigh opportunities and risks of non-native populations for species survival
Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine found a strong association between living in disadvantaged neighborhoods and higher blood pressure and lower cognitive scores. The study analyzed data from over 500 adults aged 55+ and used the Area Deprivation Index to measure neighborhood disadvantage.
The University of Virginia School of Data Science will receive a $20 million grant from the Quantitative Foundation to support the construction of a new building. The facility will enhance the school's research, scholarship, and teaching capabilities, while fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem.
The EPFL researchers built a drone with birdlike legs that can walk, hop, and jump into flight, greatly expanding the potential environments for unmanned aerial vehicles. The design allows it to take off autonomously in previously inaccessible environments.
KIST researchers develop a nanostructured composite fiber material to efficiently recover rare earth metals from waste permanent magnets and industrial wastewaters. The material achieves high adsorption capacities, outperforming conventional adsorption materials.
A hybrid method links bottom-up behaviors and top-down causation in a single theory to capture interactions between small-scale behaviors and system-level properties in disturbed systems. The approach has been tested in examples such as post-fire forest ecosystems and pandemics, predicting ecological patterns and system dynamics.
Researchers from Linköping University confirmed a direct connection between quantum theory and information theory, revealing the degree of unknown information in a quantum system. The study used a new experimental setup to demonstrate the equivalence of entropic uncertainty with wave-particle duality.
Scientists at The Jackson Laboratory have identified the CAST/EiJ mouse as a highly susceptible model for studying severe COVID-19. This genetically pure background allows researchers to investigate the virus's impact without artificial receptor modifications, mirroring human responses. Initial trials using antiviral treatments show pr...
Research reveals two unique mercury accumulation patterns in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wetlands, driven by climate change and human impact. The study found a 'Surface Peak' in monsoon-controlled regions and a 'Subsurface Peak' in westerly-controlled regions, highlighting the need for ecological sustainability efforts.
Researchers discovered that BKPyV's large tumor antigen is expressed after the first round of cellular DNA replication, suggesting new drug targets to prevent kidney transplant failure. The study offers a possible solution by targeting host proteins required for re-replication, reducing the likelihood of virus resistance.
The study found that military directors are more inclined to attribute performance shortfalls to the CEO and advocate for stricter accountability, resulting in CEO dismissal. Military directors' influence is more pronounced when serving on a nominating committee.
Anthem's revised policy reverses its previous plan to stop paying for anesthesia care after a certain time limit, a move that would have compromised patient safety. The American Society of Anesthesiologists welcomed the decision, highlighting the need for fair payment for anesthesiologists to ensure adequate care for vulnerable patients.
Researchers at ISTA discovered novel network structures that boost cooperation throughout a system. These structures have the potential to be applied in biology, particularly in bioreactors, to speed up evolution and cultivate microorganisms. The findings could also improve cooperation in computer science-based systems.
Recent studies analyze hurricane damage, water flow into dams, marine heatwaves, and the impact of air pollution on vegetable market prices in South Korea. Hurricane Katrina remains the most damaging U.S. hurricane, while a new system predicts extreme air pollution episodes in India's New Delhi megacity.
Researchers call for a shift away from outdated bathtub modeling, which oversimplifies flood risks, and towards dynamical modeling that accounts for key factors like storm drains and levees. The study found that bathtub models are consistently inaccurate, with scores below 0.5 on the critical success index.
Researchers developed a deep-learning model to predict organoid development at an early stage, outperforming human experts in accuracy and speed. The model classifies bright-field images of organoids into three quality categories, indicating their potential for regenerative medicine applications.
A University of Liverpool study uncovers a key mechanism driving breast cancer invasion and drug resistance, revealing a critical 'crosstalk' between HER2 and αVβ6 integrin molecules. The research highlights the importance of targeting the RAB5/RAB7A/GDI2 module to prevent or delay treatment resistance.
Researchers at King's College London developed a new method to produce biofuels from fatty acids in cooking oil, making it as effective as diesel with improved efficiency. The technology uses enzymes to break down fatty acids into alkenes, reducing the need for conventional catalysts and toxic chemicals.
A new AI model, CrystaLLM, can predict how atoms arrange themselves in crystal structures, aiding the discovery of new materials for solar panels, computer chips, and batteries. The system learned patterns from millions of existing crystal structure descriptions, bypassing complex physics calculations.
The LabEmbryoCam is a robotic instrument that autonomously monitors embryonic development in aquatic species, providing insights into how environmental conditions impact early life stages. The open-source instrument enables scientists to track key features such as heart rate and growth in large numbers of embryos simultaneously.
A team of researchers discovered that a previously ignored microRNA, mir-193, is the actual melanic color switch in butterflies and moths. Disrupting mir-193 eliminated black and dark wing colors in three butterfly species.
A pioneering study of 192 Brazilian patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identified genetic variants associated with the disease. The researchers found that 6.25% had pathogenic germline variants in genes predisposing to pancreatic cancer, and 13% had variants in genes associated with limited or previously unknown associations.
The employment-to-population ratio for people with disabilities plateaued at 38.3% in November 2024, near historic high levels. The labor force participation rate also leveled off for people with disabilities, highlighting the need for innovations and flexible practices to expand opportunities.
A study found that more newspaper accounts supported the holiday-suicide myth than debunked it, with only 42% of stories correcting the false idea. Despite this, experts emphasize that there is no correlation between holidays and suicide rates.
Experts discuss strategies and best practices for sharing accurate, evidence-based health information with patients and caregivers. The event aimed to empower people with cancer to make informed choices about their care.
Researchers have created a versatile shape-changing polymer that can twist, tilt, shrink, and expand, mimicking animal movements. The polymer's unique properties make it useful for creating soft robots or artificial muscles, with potential applications in medicine and other fields.
Researchers linked genes to hallmark features like tau tangles and amyloid plaques, as well as other less understood brain changes. The study identified a genetic variant in the APH1B gene directly influencing tau tangle formation, and confirmed the APOE gene's role in granulovacuolar degeneration.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University found that 71% of respondents had brokered a drug transaction in the past month, highlighting the importance of social networks in facilitating access to illegal substances. Peer-brokered sales are also linked to increased demand and expansion of the narcotics trade.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that hospital-acquired pressure ulcers are associated with poorer neurological outcomes and reduced motor function in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury. The findings suggest that preventing pressure ulcers can help protect these patients and lead to improved medical care.
A groundbreaking study has established the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for handgrip strength, covering 2.4 million adults from 69 countries. The new norms enable global peer-comparison, health screening, and surveillance across the adult lifespan, helping clinicians identify people at risk ...
A novel vaccine design has demonstrated robust immune response and broad neutralization of HCV strains in mouse models. The innovative approach employs epitope-focused immunogens, which could pave the way for an effective HCV vaccine, potentially limiting its global spread.
Gene expression in cells occurs in short, unpredictable bursts due to transcriptional bursting. Researchers found that the folding and movement of DNA, as well as protein accumulation, changes depending on gene activity, with enhancers playing a crucial role in amplifying gene activity.
A new brain mapping technique has revealed fresh insights into how higher-order functions like language, thought, and attention are organised. Researchers used data from fMRI scans to create accurate models of brain activity and interactions between regions.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) is partnering with the UK's Department of Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) and private fusion company Tokamak Energy Ltd. to upgrade the privately owned ST40 facility for $52 million. This collaboration aims to advance fusion science and technology needed for a future fusion pilot plant.
Researchers at MIT have developed a class of biodegradable materials that can replace plastic beads used in some health and beauty products. The particles are shown to be effective in encapsulating essential nutrients such as vitamin A, which could help alleviate nutrient deficiencies in populations worldwide.
Researchers at HZB developed a new P2X catalyst requiring less iridium than commercial materials, showing remarkable stability and different mechanisms for oxygen evolution. The study provides valuable information about catalyst performance and stability.
Researchers used MRI to investigate how a gluten-free diet affects people with coeliac disease, finding improved gut symptoms but persistent issues. The study also identified changes in the gut microbiome, suggesting potential prebiotic treatments.
Researchers at the University of Washington used a global climate model to simulate how ocean and air temperatures affect sea ice in the Southern Ocean. They found that warm Southern Ocean conditions and patterns in winds can explain 70% of the record-low winter sea ice extent in 2023, with similar predictions made for 2024.
Three Texas A&M biologists have received NIH Maximizing Investigators’ Research Awards to support their research on type IV pili, darter fish social behaviors and bacteriophages. Drs Koch, Moran and Ramsey will explore bacterial behavior, genetic mechanisms and neural basis of paternal care in fish.
The researchers created a 'metasheet' with an elastic polymer and embedded magnetic microparticles that can move like a wave when controlled by a magnetic field. This technology has potential for use in confined spaces, allowing objects to be lifted and moved without physical contact.
Researchers uncover the significance of neuroinflammation in Niemann-Pick type C disease, a rare form of childhood dementia. They identify translocator protein (TSPO) as a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and response to therapy.
Researchers will compare smaller vs. larger breathing tubes in 3,180 patients to assess long-term patient-centered outcomes and safety. The study aims to fill an evidence gap on the effect of breathing tube size on shortness of breath after critical illness.
Loral O'Hara, a NASA astronaut, visited the Naval Research Laboratory to share her 200+ day mission aboard the International Space Station. She discussed her daily routine, scientific research, and the challenges faced by the crew, highlighting the importance of space exploration for advancing human knowledge.
New research from Indiana University finds that accepting funding from family and friends can lead entrepreneurs to make more conservative venture growth decisions. This 'funding-source-induced bias' can result in anticipated guilt, prompting founders to prioritize lower-risk strategies.
Researchers have identified a key protein that plays a crucial role in energy production in muscle cells, which can be activated by physical exercise. This discovery may lead to the development of treatments for over 200 disorders related to muscle energy production.
A pilot clinical trial is testing the effectiveness of noninvasive electrical brain stimulation as a cognitive rehabilitation method for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study aims to determine how early treatment with targeted brain stimulation can enhance cognitive recovery in moderate to severe TBI.
COMMTR has been officially included in both the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), achieving a first Impact Factor of 12.5. This dual inclusion signifies that the journal meets stringent criteria for quality, influence, international presence, and standardization.
Four ORNL researchers were recognized as Highly Cited Researchers for their impact factor using data from the Web of Science. They exemplify excellence in science and collaboration, advancing their respective fields.
A team developed a novel tactile perception method based on structural color, achieving high spatial resolution and force accuracy. The method, called IrisTact, outperforms current vision-based tactile sensors by fully exploiting the rich tactile information in structural color patterns.
Advanced research identifies potential molecular instructions determining echinoderms' ability to adapt and regenerate tissues. The breakthrough could lead to new regenerative therapies and smart collagen-based biomaterials for treating human health conditions.
Researchers found that zooplankton communities remained stable and tolerated moderate chemical changes associated with Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement. However, nutritional quality of particulate matter may deteriorate, potentially affecting marine food web structure and productivity.
The program aims to decrease opioid use by increasing provider knowledge of integrative therapies and providing sustained outpatient follow-up. University Hospitals will refine evidence-based integrative therapies such as music therapy and acupuncture to address acute pain.
Researchers found that desert ants rely on the polarity of the geomagnetic field to navigate during learning walks, contradicting previous findings in other insects. The team manipulated magnetic fields and observed the ants' behavior, concluding that a compass-like navigation system is useful for short-distance navigation.
A new study reveals that 75% of heat-related deaths in Mexico occur among people under 35, contrary to the assumption that elderly individuals are more susceptible. Young adults and small children are particularly vulnerable due to factors such as outdoor labor, limited access to air conditioning, and developing immune systems.
The new IIT Hyderabad campus features six complexes designed by Japanese experts from the University of Tokyo, including a Technology Incubation Park that supports start-ups and an International Guest House. The design incorporates distinctly Japanese elements while adapting to local construction culture.
A team at Zhejiang University developed a novel strategy for early detection of high-altitude hypoxic brain injury using changes in oxygen content in brain regions over time. They found that brain regions with higher tolerance for hypoxia received less oxygen to support supply to more important areas.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed a non-toxic pesticide using neem seed extract and nanotechnology. The new formulation shows improved targeting ability and reduces environmental pollution by up to 80-90% of sprayed pesticides missing their target entirely.
A pioneering study introduces a novel methodology for rapidly assessing scientific consensus on a global scale, resulting in a 33.9% overall response rate and revealing trends of high agreement among institutions across multiple countries.
Researchers developed a novel microstructure modulation strategy to enhance mechanical strength and thermoelectric performance of bismuth telluride alloy. This enabled the microfabrication of high-performance Peltier coolers with extremely small dimensions.
The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) has successfully completed the first-ever Interventional Cardiology Match, marking a significant milestone in the field. The inaugural match saw an impressive participation rate, with 164 programs committing 326 positions.
A 500-year-old latrine from Bruges, Belgium has yielded evidence of intestinal parasites, shedding light on the spread of diseases through medieval travel and trade. The discovery provides key insights into human migration and disease transmission in the past.
Population-level improvements in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels slowed, while adverse trends in glucose levels accelerated in more recent US birth cohorts. Public health initiatives targeting antecedent health behaviors are needed to improve cardiometabolic health across generations.
A novel 'reporter' molecule has been developed to detect ER-related problems during protein synthesis, offering simplicity and robustness against environmental fluctuations. The tool uses a firefly luciferase-based system to identify defects in protein translocation and disulfide bond formation.
Teletrix's VIZRAD AR platform simulates ionizing radiation behavior using augmented reality technology, providing a safe and immersive way to learn about radiation without exposure. The platform offers improved training capabilities for workers in radiation-controlled areas.
A new study shows that coordinating the siting of solar farms, wind farms, and storage systems can improve efficiency and reduce costs by aligning renewable power generation with demand. The approach uses fine-grained weather data and energy system modeling to maximize utilization of renewable resources.
Scientists discover a highly specific CRISPR-Cas13 enzyme, ChCas12b-D496A, capable of distinguishing single-base mutations. This breakthrough expands targeting range for genome editing and offers promising prospects for treating genetic diseases.
Three Sanford Burnham Prebys faculty members, David A. Brenner, Randal J. Kaufman, and Tariq M. Rana, are recognized for their significant scientific influence. Their publications have been cited top 1% globally by number of citations.
Researchers Fernanda Morales-Calva and Stephanie Leal explored the three Ws of memory - what, where, and when - to understand why people remember certain things. They found that emotional content, personal significance, repetition, and attention can influence memory retention. The study highlights the importance of considering individu...
Researchers used CT scans to examine giant hailstones formed during a 2022 thunderstorm in Catalonia. The study revealed irregular internal shapes and heterogeneous growth patterns, overturning previous assumptions about hailstone formation.