ETH Zurich scientists create synthetic biology approach to make biotechnological production processes more efficient and regulate hormonal activity through cell therapy. They successfully control bacteria's growth rate despite disruptions, paving the way for applications in medicine, including cancer immunotherapy.
A UC Davis study found that educating physicians and patients about safe antibiotic use can reduce overuse by one-third. The study compared two approaches, including educational materials and on-site physician champions, and found significant reductions in inappropriate antibiotic treatment.
A new study reveals that Archaea, particularly the ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaea, dominate oxygen-poor deep-sea sediments due to their efficient metabolic system. This discovery sheds light on the importance of these microorganisms in the geochemical carbon and nitrogen cycles.
A miniature robot, called Sonopill, has been developed to guide a tiny robotic capsule inside the colon for micro-ultrasound imaging. This technology has the potential to replace invasive endoscopic examinations and detect cancer at an early stage.
The Regional Nutritional Information Program was a key component of the U.S. Sugar Association's public relations campaign, designed to promote sugar's safety and benefits in a balanced diet. The program involved dietitians hosting workshops, influencing dental professionals' attitudes towards sugar, and shaping oral health messages.
Researchers analyzed sweet potato leaves and roots to gain a better understanding of their protein makeup. They identified 3,143 unique proteins from leaves and 2,928 from roots, providing new insights into the plant's genome.
Researchers from the University of Missouri School of Medicine found no significant difference in colonoscopy detection rates between moderate and deep sedation methods. Moderate sedation, typically used in colonoscopies, was found to be equally effective as deep sedation in detecting pre-cancerous polyps.
Researchers found that children who were inattentive in kindergarten had lower earnings in their 30s. Boys who exhibited aggressive or oppositional behavior also faced lower earnings, while prosocial boys had higher later earnings.
A 15-year study tracking former child soldiers in Sierra Leone reveals that earning acceptance from families and communities is crucial for their mental health and social integration. The research highlights the importance of addressing stigma and improving social supports to help these individuals recover from childhood trauma.
A new study reveals significant global disparities in cervical cancer rates among women living with HIV, particularly in South Africa and Latin America. The analysis shows that ICC rates are more than double in Latin America and 11 times higher in South Africa compared to European women.
Dwarf mongoose group members behave more co-operatively when faced with potential violence from rival factions, according to a new study published in Behavioral Ecology. The threat of conflict leads to increases in within-group behaviors, including greater grooming and sentinel duty.
A new study found that people who are obese from childhood through middle age face a higher risk of difficulty with daily tasks such as lifting and carrying shopping by the time they are 50. Those who become obese in early life have more than double the risk of difficulties compared to those who were never obese.
A large-scale genetic study of diverse populations found that genetic mutations contributing to chronic diseases like diabetes vary across ethnicities. The research highlights the importance of including diverse populations in genetic studies to develop effective treatments for debilitating diseases.
New research highlights the importance of diverse genetic data in understanding complex traits and diseases. By studying a large number of groups together, scientists have discovered dozens of discoveries that would not have been possible in single-population studies.
The Cuyahoga River has made significant improvements since the 1969 conflagration, but experts say full recovery will take time. The Clean Water Act and EPA formation helped reduce industrial wastewater discharge and upgrade treatment infrastructure.
Researchers improve consensus in Proof of Stake protocols by introducing weighted voting schemes, ensuring fairness and security. The new approach scales votes according to validators' profiles without interfering with existing PoS execution.
Coral and algal symbiotic relationships are crucial for reef construction. Researchers analyzed cellular processes in anemones hosting native and non-native dinoflagellate algae to understand preferential relationships and potential for revival of bleached coral communities. They found elevated protein expression associated with nutrie...
A recent study reveals that non-native wetland plants have a broader ecological footprint, taking over regions and negatively affecting bird and insect populations. Dominant non-natives outcompete native species, reducing species richness and abundance more than dominant natives do.
A new study published in Body Image found that perfectionism is related to breast size dissatisfaction among childless women. In contrast, motherhood appears to boost body image and reduce breast size dissatisfaction, particularly among women with multiple children.
A 40-minute MRI scan has been shown to guide treatment decisions for patients with angina, resulting in fewer hospital stays and procedures. The MR-INFORM trial found similar patient outcomes between those who received the standard invasive angiography and those whose treatment was dictated by their MRI scan.
Researchers analyzed ceramic vessels from Mont Lassois to determine ancient Celtic drinking habits. They found that the Celts consumed imported Mediterranean wines and local beers, contradicting the assumption that only elites drank foreign wine.
Researchers used computer simulations to study Ediacaran organisms' feeding habits, showing they engaged in complex suspension feeding and oriented themselves to amplify nutrient-rich currents. This work helps place Ediacarans on the tree of life alongside modern sea creatures, providing new insights into their evolution.
Postural sway is a significant independent risk factor for bone fractures in postmenopausal women, doubling their fracture risk compared to those with the lowest postural sway. A combination of high postural sway and low bone mineral density increases overall and osteoporotic fracture risks five- and eleven-fold respectively.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology found that fatty fish provide clear protection against type 2 diabetes, but only if they are free from environmental pollutants. The study used innovative methods to analyze data and identified biomarkers in blood samples to objectively measure fish consumption.
A recent study published in Plants revealed that electrons flowing through the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) in photosystem I undergo a charge recombination, producing chemical energy used in photosynthesis. This finding suggests an alternative pathway to suppress reactive oxygen species production and mitigate plant stress.
The University of Illinois Chicago is collaborating with TB Alliance to develop new clinical-stage drug candidates for treating tuberculosis, a bacterial infection resistant to available antibiotics. The five-year research project aims to produce two new treatments, with UIC receiving up to $9 million in funding.
A new study found that even people with well-controlled epilepsy are at risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Researchers analyzed cases referred to the North American SUDEP Registry and found that sleep deprivation, skipping medication, and lack of seizure activity were common factors contributing to SUDEP.
A new Michigan State University study found that taking vitamin D supplements did not decrease the incidence of heart attacks, strokes or other major adverse cardiovascular events. The study of over 83,000 patients showed no benefit from vitamin D supplements in reducing cardiovascular risk.
Walter Siqueira, a renowned researcher, has been recognized with the 2019 Salivary Research Award for his groundbreaking work on salivary gland structure, secretion, and function. His contributions have significantly improved our understanding of oral health, and he continues to inspire new research in this field.
New research finds that climate change could lead to more frequent and intense spruce beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountains. Warmer temperatures could extend the beetle's flight period and make coordinated attacks harder to predict.
A recent study has analyzed the genomes of nearly 50,000 non-European individuals to maximize genetic discovery and lessen clinical disparities. The study revealed nearly 1,500 associations between genes and disease in minority populations, providing valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of disease affecting non-whites.
A recent study found that up to 40% of asylum seekers in Finland suffer from major depression and anxiety symptoms, with those from Sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the highest rates. The study also highlighted the need for better support for mental health and healthcare services for asylum seekers, particularly children and families.
A study by FEFU ecologist Vasiliy Tsygankov reveals a significant decrease in pesticide concentrations in Russian Far Eastern mussels, suggesting a shift in the environmental situation. Pesticides accumulate in marine organisms' fat tissue and can lead to biomagnification, causing poisoning and genetic changes.
Researchers have successfully prepared a remote quantum state in the microwave regime, enabling secure communication. This breakthrough has the potential to transform the field of quantum cryptography and ultra-accurate quantum metrology.
Computer vision researchers demonstrate a new technique that enables them to reconstruct the shapes of unseen objects with great detail, including George Washington's profile on a U.S. quarter. The technique uses special light sources and sensors to see around corners or through gauzy filters.
Dr. Julie Marchesan, a rising young researcher, is the recipient of the $10,000 AADR Anne D. Haffajee Fellowship to support women in oral biology research. The fellowship aims to increase female representation in science and academia.
Scott L. Tomar, a University of Florida professor, received the 2019 AADR Jack Hein Public Service Award for his efforts to understand and eliminate disparities in oral health and tobacco epidemiology. He has also made significant contributions to various reports on tobacco and public health, including those by the U.S. Surgeon General.
Researchers found 87 genes in E. coli bacteria that protect against plasma treatment, including a heat shock protein Hsp33. The study suggests that genetic changes can increase plasma resistance in bacteria.
Researchers developed a direct method to etch-embed cerium (Ce) onto copper-based oxide surfaces, resulting in highly interactive surface structures with synergistic effects. The obtained catalysts exhibited attractive catalytic performance even in the presence of SO2.
Researchers at King's College London have identified the earliest signs of Parkinson's disease in the brain, many years before symptoms appear. The study found changes to the serotonin system as a key early warning signal for the disease.
A KAUST-led team has developed a new platform for speeding up and controlling the evolution of proteins inside living plants. This allows plant breeders to rapidly engineer new crop varieties with improved yield and immunity to pathogens.
The study found that climate change could lead to a decline in ectomycorrhizal tree species by up to 10% if CO2 emissions continue unabated until 2070. This decline may have significant implications for forest ecosystems and growth.
Researchers at Swansea University have developed a new material capable of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) using a common epoxy resin. The material shows high CO2 uptake and could potentially be used to capture CO2 from industrial flue gas streams or from the air.
Researchers have identified different forces behind variations in near-surface temperature with elevation, time, and space on the Third Pole. This new understanding will provide a more accurate basis for modeling and predicting glacier movement, forestry, and agriculture in the region.
Graham Ogden, Chair in Oral Surgery at the University of Dundee, Scotland, is recognized for his sustained peer-reviewed research on oral cancer. The award acknowledges his contributions to understanding the mechanisms governing oral health and disease.
Researchers created a synthetic lubricant that mimics the natural lubricin found in joints, providing a potential cure for osteoarthritis. The synthetic lubricant is being tested in canine clinical trials and holds promise for future human use.
A UK study published in Diabetologia found that obesity during pregnancy is associated with a 3.5 times increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the child, while being overweight increases this risk by 40%. The study suggests strategies to reduce obesity and overweight in women of reproductive age are urgently needed.
Researchers found KLF4 protein stability is critical for stem cells to specialize and become specific cell types. By preventing this breakdown, stem cells can differentiate into organs.
Researchers found a 14-gene signature that predicts two-year transplant-free survival in children with biliary atresia. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine reduced liver injury and fibrosis, increasing survival times in mouse models.
Virginia Tech researchers uncovered how soap films and bubbles freeze, revealing a previously unknown phenomenon called Marangoni Flow. The study found that temperature gradients cause the flow of ice crystals within the bubble, hastening its complete freezing.
Scientists have recreated the conditions of the Earth's mantle, where diamonds form, by simulating extreme pressure and heat. They found that the sediments represent a plausible source of potassium for the saline fluid inclusions in diamonds.
Scientists have detected the first polarized radio waves from a gamma ray burst jet, revealing that magnetic fields are more patchy and tangled than previously thought. The discovery was made possible by advanced radio telescopes and allows researchers to test theories about the structure of magnetic fields within jets.
Researchers found that birds are more likely to thrive in environments with similar native habitats and climates, as well as in areas where other alien species are already established. This study analyzed 4,346 global invasion events spanning 708 species to understand the factors enabling bird success in new habitats.
A new study published in the journal Behavior Therapy found that people with hoarding problems associate objects with positive memories, making it difficult to discard them. The researchers suggest that training individuals to respond differently to these memories could enhance cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding.
Researchers discovered a novel nanotube material that generates electricity through the photovoltaic effect, outperforming existing materials by an order of magnitude. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient solar panels and advanced optical sensors for applications in astronomy and self-driving cars.
A study by UC Berkeley researchers demonstrates that information and money activate the same dopamine-producing reward system in the brain. The research lays the groundwork for understanding digital addiction and why people overvalue information.
A study published in Annals of Neurology suggests that serotonin may play a role in heightened somatic awareness, a condition characterized by unexplained physical symptoms. Patients with this condition are more likely to develop chronic pain and have lower levels of serotonin in their blood.
Researchers found that coastal, indigenous forests in South Africa store a moderate to large amount of carbon, making them important for conservation. The study also highlights the need to balance forest productivity with local community needs in order to achieve sustainable development.
Researchers tested different soils' responses to multiple biochar types but found no significant impact on plant growth. However, biochar did affect soil greenhouse gas emissions. The study's findings suggest that using biochar as an additive could prevent microbe-generated greenhouse gas emissions.
A new study found increased CT use for suspected urolithiasis patients in emergency departments, with utilization rates increasing by 100.8% between 2006 and 2014. Geographic variation was also noted, with CT scans being more frequent in higher-income ZIP codes and urban hospitals.
Shunsuke Minakuchi, a Tokyo Medical & Dental University Professor, received the 2019 IADR Award for his research on geriatric oral health. He has published over 115 papers and was previously honored with the Neal Garrett Clinical Research Prize.
A new study by Mayo Clinic researchers found that generic and brand-name levothyroxine therapy are similar in terms of cardiovascular event rates, with lower pharmacy costs for the generic drug. The analysis used deidentified claims data from a large private health plan and included over 87,000 patients.
Researchers from Hokkaido University used a taxonomic approach to re-identify the huge birds etched into Peru's desert plains as hermits or pelicans. The study, published in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, reveals that the Nasca people drew exotic birds, not local species, which could be a clue to their significance.
Research by social scientists reveals the US military is one of the largest climate polluters in history, consuming vast amounts of liquid fuels and emitting significant CO2e emissions. The study calculates part of the US military's impact on climate change through its global logistical supply chains.
A new modeling study published in Science Advances predicts that melting at the present rate could contribute 19-63 inches of global sea level rise, exceeding previous estimates of up to 35 inches. The study's updated model accurately represents outlet glacier flow and shows that limiting emissions could limit ice loss to 8-25 percent.
Researchers found 27 new genomic variants linked to conditions like blood pressure, type II diabetes, and chronic kidney disease in diverse populations. The study aimed to understand how genomic variants influence disease risk in different ethnic groups.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have successfully developed a noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI) that enables continuous control of a robotic arm using only thoughts. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize the lives of paralyzed patients and those with movement disorders.
The IADR/AADR Journal of Dental Research has announced the winner of its Cover of the Year Award, 2018 for a study on Schwann cell phenotypes in aging human dental pulp. The award recognizes an aesthetically pleasing and scientifically novel image that enhances the impact of the article.
A new study reveals a frog protein that can detect and neutralize a poisonous compound produced by red tides and other harmful algal blooms. The protein, saxiphilin, acts as a 'toxin sponge' that sops up and sequesters the deadly microbial poison.
A team of researchers found an association between hip joint hypermobility and behavioral alterations in dogs, which may suggest a universal trait among mammals. The study suggests that joint hypermobility could be linked to anxiety disorders in animals, mirroring findings in humans.
Researchers analyzed paper mulberry genetic samples to study prehistoric human movements in Oceania. The analysis revealed a clear genetic structure and dispersion patterns that match archaeological and linguistic data, providing insights into past human interactions and population dispersal.
Researchers develop new assessment tools using implicit signs like eye movement, pupillary dilation, and brain activity to measure vocabulary knowledge in individuals with severe autism spectrum disorder. These tools show potential to be more accurate than traditional behavioral assessments.
A team of engineers is investigating the risk of coastal flooding in three Sri Lankan communities due to cyclones, incorporating the impact of rainfall and climate change. The project aims to develop compound flood hazard maps that will help local communities understand the threat and take action to minimize risks.
The IADR/AADR announced winners of the 2019 William J. Gies Awards for outstanding contributions to dental research, recognizing advances in biological, biomaterials and bioengineering, and clinical research categories. The awards honor publications in the Journal of Dental Research with significant impacts on oral health worldwide.
Researchers from OU physics group discover a novel Mott state in twisted graphene bilayers at the magic angle, characterized by ferromagnetic spin alignment. This phenomenon is unlike conventional Mott insulators and has potential implications for superconductivity.
Asbjørn Jokstad, a Professor at Arctic University of Norway, is recognized for his contributions to prosthodontic and implant research. He received the 2019 Research in Prosthodontics and Implants Award from the International Association for Dental Research for his outstanding research accomplishments.
An observational study found that patients whose surgeons were more often reported for unprofessional behavior experienced a greater risk of postoperative complications. The analysis included data from over 13,000 patients and suggested a potential link between surgeon behavior and patient outcomes.
Researchers have developed an efficient and low-cost method to convert waste denim into reusable cotton fibers, reducing textile waste and conserving resources. The new process uses a 1:4 mixture of ionic liquid and DMSO to dissolve cellulose building blocks, resulting in white or colored viscose-type fibers.
Researchers built a phylogenetic tree based on DNA from newly collected anemone specimens to fill gaps in the origin of these species. They found that as a group, anemones independently evolved the ability to host clownfish three times throughout history, with two groups originating in the Tethys Sea.
A new system uses a single labeled scan and unlabeled scans to automatically generate a large dataset of distinct training examples. The system's approach learns anatomical, brightness, and contrast variations from unlabeled scans to synthesize realistic and accurately labeled scans.
Scientists at Linköping University have created artificial muscles that harness energy from glucose and oxygen, mimicking biological muscle movement. The innovation uses enzymes to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, enabling the creation of implantable and autonomous microrobots.
A team of researchers from Henan University has investigated the flame retardant performance of epoxy resin using a boron nitride nanosheet decorated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticle. The as-prepared CFN-BNNS exhibits superior paramagnetic properties, contributing to better flame retardant performance compared to random alignment.
Researchers have discovered that platinum crystals grow directly on the floor of magma chambers, contradicting a long-held theory. This finding has significant implications for understanding the formation of other precious metal deposits.
Researchers developed a probe that accurately traces the sigma-1 receptor on ER surfaces, showing promise for studying neurological disorders and cancer. The probe was tested on prostate cancer cells, haloperidol-sensitive signal detected.
Marco Bottino, a University of Michigan researcher, received the IADR Academy of Osseointegration Innovation in Implant Sciences Award for his work on customized 3D-printed PEEK-AMP dental implants. The award recognizes Bottino's research on bioactive dental implants that enhance osseointegration and improve oral rehabilitation.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have been awarded a $100,000 grant to develop a bioreactor that can cultivate multiple strains of probiotic bacteria simultaneously. The goal is to produce low-cost gut microbial biotherapeutics with a target cost of $0.1 per dose.
Patients managing their health via electronic patient portals had fewer emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Access to the portal was associated with more outpatient office visits, fewer emergency department visits, and fewer preventable hospital stays in patients with multiple complex chronic conditions.
Andrea Mombelli, Professor and Chair of the Division of Periodontology at the University of Geneva, has been recognized for his groundbreaking research on periodontal diseases. The 2019 Research in Periodontal Disease Award from IADR acknowledges his contributions to advancing knowledge and improving oral health worldwide.
Research papers examine global cigarette consumption patterns and vaping among adolescents, emphasizing the importance of robust data reporting and effective tobacco control policies. Investments in low- and middle-income countries are crucial to combat industry attempts to delay public health policies.
The study identifies significant knowledge gaps in regional stormwater management and proposes the creation of a centralized database to track maintenance costs, economic benefits, and water quality impacts. A comprehensive approach to green infrastructure is also recommended to consider its effects on community residents.
Dagmar Else Slot, a renowned researcher, has been awarded the 2019 Young Investigator Award by the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) for her groundbreaking work on oral infections and inflammation. She is recognized for her contributions to evidence-based dentistry and prevention of periodontal diseases.
A new roadmap by the Engineering Biology Research Consortium outlines potential breakthroughs in synthetic biology, including genetically modified crops, disease-fighting microbes, and novel biofuels. The report aims to secure federal support for this field to address societal challenges and fuel economic growth.
A study by Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that patients of surgeons with reported unprofessional behavior are more likely to experience complications during or after operations. Surgeons with higher numbers of reports were associated with increased rates of wound infections and other adverse outcomes.
A team of researchers, led by Professor Yu Zhu, has developed a novel shear-thickening electrolyte that can improve the safety of lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles. The electrolyte becomes thicker under impact, preventing short-circuiting and fires.
Dr. Frank Scannapieco is recognized for his contributions to oral microbiology, with a focus on molecular mechanisms of oral bacterial colonization and saliva-bacterial interactions. He has published nearly 200 research articles and received multiple grants from the National Institutes of Health.
A team of Kyoto University researchers has created the smallest 'Great Wave' ever produced, just 1mm in width, without using pigments. This breakthrough uses Organized Microfibrillation (OM) technology to create a new palette of colors and applications in fields like anti-forgery technology, health, and food safety.
Peter V. Cooney, a renowned dentist and researcher, has been awarded the 2019 International Association for Dental Research (IADR) Honorary Membership for his significant contributions to dental research and improving oral health globally. His impressive career includes leading national dental health surveys and collaborating on public...
Researchers developed a new type of refrigeration using a nanosponge, a soft material with tiny pores, to replace hydrofluorocarbons. The team successfully carried out a force-driven liquid-to-gas phase transition, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly refrigerants.
Researchers found that hydrology plays a greater role in methane emissions than plant species, highlighting the importance of wetland design. Constructed wetlands can be managed to reduce methane emissions by creating favorable conditions for oxygen delivery and soil saturation.
Janet Moradian-Oldak, a researcher at the University of Southern California, has been awarded the 2019 Basic Research in Biological Mineralization Award. Her work on enamel biomineralization and biomimetic approaches has advanced our understanding of tooth development.
High-resolution maps show progress in defeating malaria, but also highlight areas of stagnation and increased burden, particularly in Venezuela and sub-Saharan Africa. The research emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and sustained funding to overcome obstacles to eradication.
A new study found that perceived effectiveness of positive reinforcement and owner confidence are crucial factors in using such techniques. The researchers suggest that practical support and emotional well-being management are essential for owners to develop confidence in training their dogs.
A study by Columbia University researchers found that limiting ovarian cancer surgery to high-volume hospitals could improve survival but also reduce access for many rural and underserved patients. In fact, nearly 35% of low-volume hospitals had better-than-expected outcomes at 60 days and 51% at 2 years.
A recent study found that kindergarteners with attention problems tend to earn less as adults. Additionally, kindergarten ratings of aggression and opposition were also associated with lower earnings only for boys in the study.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have captured evidence of Klein tunneling in a superconductor-superfluid junction, allowing particles to tunnel through barriers. This phenomenon enables engineers to design more uniform components for future quantum computers and devices.
The study found that countries with a variety of crops experience less severe food shortages, with declines in total yield exceeding 25% less common. Researchers encourage nations to evaluate their crop diversity and consider strategies like new drought-tolerant varieties and intercropping to enhance food supply stability.
A study of married couples in Vietnam found that a present-biased spouse tends to receive more money from their spouse's earnings and is less likely to save. External savings commitment devices like retirement plans or ROSCAs can help protect money from a present-biased spouse.
Peter Lockhart, a renowned researcher, received the 2019 IADR Distinguished Scientist Award in Pharmacology for his groundbreaking work on oral medicine and its association with medically complex patients. His research focuses on the dental management of these patients, exploring the links between oral disease and infective endocarditis.
Scientists have identified a rare genetic mutation causing a fatal respiratory disorder that affects newborns. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, researchers developed a mouse model of the disease and discovered a critical link between FOXF1 mutations and STAT3 deficiency.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered a new experimental drug, selinexor, which may block a crucial survival pathway exploited by myelofibrosis cells. A clinical trial has been designed to examine the drug's effectiveness in patients with myelofibrosis.
A new study finds that groundwater pumping has contributed significantly to US stream flow declines, affecting regions like the Colorado and Mississippi River basins. The research suggests that sustainable water management is crucial to mitigate these impacts and ensure long-term water security.
A $24.8 million grant-funded longitudinal study will examine the long-term impact of vaping, environmental factors, and lifestyle on lung health in millennials. The study aims to identify risk factors, biomarkers, and early interventions for chronic lung diseases.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source employ X-ray Laue microdiffraction to study tiny samples of promising candidate minerals. The technique successfully identifies ognitite, a newly discovered mineral with unique chemical properties.
A meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials involving 83,000 patients found no association between vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease events such as heart attack or stroke. The study's results were consistent across different doses and genders.
The Ecological Society of America's 104th Annual Meeting emphasized the importance of inclusive approaches in ecology, fostering connections between disparate landscapes and disciplines. Key sessions explored the intersection of human and non-human nature, agricultural practices, and environmental justice issues.
Researchers have developed a new strain of microorganisms that can efficiently produce fatty acids and biodiesels from glucose. The resulting strains produced the highest concentrations ever reported by microbial fermentations, making them a potential game-changer for sustainable energy production.
A Vanderbilt team designed a device that captures the natural stumble response of people with two legs, a challenge for those with prosthetic legs. By tripping test subjects 190 times, they aimed to program computer-controlled prosthetics to prevent more falls.
Researchers discovered melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the hypothalamus play a critical role in modulating REM sleep based on room temperature. Mice with functioning MCH neurons increase REM sleep when warmed, while those lacking the receptor show no such response.
The research team developed a system that allows for the real-time observation of MOF adsorption behavior, enabling accurate measurements and assessments of gas adsorption isotherms. By analyzing individual pore molecules, they identified a stepwise adsorption process and quantified the effects of pore structure and adsorption molecule...
Researchers create flexible optical plastic with nano-Enoki mushroom structures that repel liquids while maintaining transparency. The surface resists staining from various liquids, including blood, coffee, and olive oil.
Anibal Diogenes, a University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio researcher, received the 2019 IADR Distinguished Scientist Award for his contributions to pulp biology and regeneration. His work has demonstrated novel applications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative endodontic procedures.
Researchers studied ocean's carbon cycle to improve climate models and predict future changes. They found the ocean absorbs CO2 slower in the 1990s but faster in the 2000s, influencing atmospheric accumulation rates.
Francesca Bonino, a Tufts University Assistant Professor, received the 2019 AADR William B. Clark Fellowship for her clinical research on dental implants and peri-implant soft tissue properties. The fellowship supports investigators carrying out periodontology research.
Anibal Diogenes received the 2019 IADR Distinguished Scientist Award in Pulp Biology and Regeneration. He was recognized for his contributions to pulp biology and regeneration.
S. Jeffrey Dixon, a Professor at Western University, received the 2019 IADR Distinguished Service Award for his outstanding contributions to the CADR and IADR. He has published numerous papers on mineralized tissue research and served as an editorial board member.
Pumping groundwater for irrigation has decreased streamflow and plant water availability in the US. Groundwater declines have led to a more than 50% decline in some streams, with evapotranspiration also declining in response.
A new scaffold derived from a pig's meniscus has shown promise in repairing torn meniscus tissue. In lab tests, repairs aided by the scaffold resulted in stronger meniscus repairs after four weeks compared to natural healing.
Research from Rice University suggests that white people's expressions of racial apathy can decrease over time, with a shift towards greater care for racial equality. The study also found a correlation between education and lower levels of racial apathy among whites.
An international team of astronomers has captured the first-ever polarized radio waves from a distant cosmic explosion, known as gamma-ray burst GRB 190114C. The discovery provides new insights into how jets are formed in gamma-ray bursts and could shed light on the role of magnetic fields in powering these energetic events.
A new study suggests that elevated estrogen levels in early pregnancy can lead to placenta abnormalities, but treating pregnant women with the growth factor VEGF could halt preeclampsia and preterm birth. Researchers found that VEGF treatment increased uterine artery remodeling and improved blood flow to the placenta.
Researchers have documented surprising amounts of coral living in areas with less than 1% of the surface light, shedding light on deep-sea life and strategies for survival. The study found different corals use varying strategies to deal with low light levels, including changing pigments or symbionts.
A human-on-a-chip model developed by Hesperos, Inc. realistically replicates the responses of cancer treatments, enabling more accurate and efficient preclinical testing. The model demonstrated efficacy and toxicity of anticancer drugs on various cell lines, informing treatment decisions for individual patients.
A newly identified genus and species of freshwater clam, Lithoredo abatanica, was found to eat rocks and expel sand as it burrows in the Abatan River. The shipworm's unique anatomy has revealed new information about its ecosystem engineering capabilities.
Researchers identified a key molecule, mir-135b-5p, found elevated in the brain's emotional memory processor that drives PTSD symptoms. Suppressing this molecule enables faster recovery from trauma, and it may also serve as a novel biomarker for treatment.
A new study reveals Himalayan glaciers have doubled their annual melt rate since 2000, with temperatures averaging 1 degree Centigrade higher than in previous decades. The accelerated melting threatens water supplies for 800 million people and may lead to deadly outburst floods.
The study found that Early Celts in Burgundy imported Mediterranean pottery, olive oil, and wine, and adapted them to their own culture. They used foreign vessels to drink local beers spiced with pine resins, as well as home-grown beverages like millet-based beer.
A new multi-organ-on-a-chip system accurately captures chemotherapies' toxic effects on liver and other organs. The technology enables flexible testing of different organ systems, potentially leading to more accurate drug development and personalized therapies.
A new study identifies 65 genetic variants in understudied minority populations, which could improve precision medicine for these groups. The findings highlight the need for equitable inclusion of diverse populations in genetic research to address chronic disease disparities.
A new platform has been developed that provides suppliers with a certain amount of choice, improving supply and demand matching for underutilized resources. The approach was found to perform better than existing methods, especially when there is limited information about the supplier's preferences.
A new study by Hirosi Ooguri and Daniel Harlow finds that symmetry is not possible in quantum gravity when combined with the holographic principle. This breaks the long-held expectation of physicists and has several important consequences, including proton stability and magnetic monopole existence.
Margaret R. Byers, a University of Washington researcher, received the 2019 AADR Honorary Membership for her significant contributions to dental research. Her work focuses on neurobiology, sensory functions, and immune capabilities of tooth pulp cells.
A new study published in Pediatrics shows that a state-wide quality improvement initiative improved hospital-based breastfeeding support practices and first milk expression among mothers of very low birth weight infants. However, disparities in mother's milk provision persisted after three weeks of hospitalization.
A clinical trial for a new sickle cell disease treatment, IMR-687, has shown early promise with an increase in F-cells and a reduction in pain, improving biomarkers of the disease.
Jaime Cury, a renowned researcher at UNICAMP Dental School, received the 2019 William H. Bowen Research in Dental Caries Award for his extensive contributions to cariology research. He has published over 326 peer-reviewed publications on fluoride mechanisms and oral health.
Scientists found high levels of clinically relevant AMR bacteria in urban wildlife in Nairobi, carrying a significant risk to human health. The study highlights the importance of taking an ecological approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance by improving urban planning and waste management practices.
Jessica Scoffield, a microbiologist, receives the AADR Procter & Gamble Under-represented Fellowship for her research on commensal bacteria and polymicrobial pulmonary and oral infections. The fellowship aims to support early-career researchers from underrepresented groups in increasing representation at the faculty level.
Research found statin therapy significantly reduced stroke risk and overall cardiovascular events in cancer patients who underwent radiation therapy for chest, head, or neck cancer. The study also showed a strong trend toward reduction in cardiovascular deaths.
A study found that Connecticut's Mobile Crisis Intervention Service reduced ER visits for children and youth with acute behavioral health needs by 22% compared to those who received emergency care. The program provided timely mental health interventions and services, resulting in lower rates of follow-up episodes.
Angela Salcedo, Saif Khan, and Hui Chen have been recognized as the 2019 recipients of the IADR STAR Network Academy Fellowship. The fellowship supports research experience in renowned labs before or after attending the IADR General Session.
A Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health study found that thousands of Arkansas adults lost insurance coverage after implementing Medicaid work requirements, with most not gaining new coverage and becoming uninsured due to confusion and red tape. The policy did not achieve its goal of getting people into new jobs or private insurance.
Researchers found that unpleasant odors improve memory for images paired with the bad smell 24 hours later, as well as for related images. Individuals with larger arousal responses had better memory recall. The study suggests that aversive odors can be used to examine emotional learning and memory processes across development.
Newell Johnson, a renowned researcher, has been awarded the 2019 Global Oral Health Research Award by the International Association for Dental Research. Johnson's extensive work on epidemiology, aetiology, and management of common and serious oral diseases has addressed inequalities in global oral health.
A new study predicts that Greenland's ice sheet could lose up to 25% of its ice by 3000, contributing up to 6.5 feet of sea level rise if greenhouse gas emissions are cut significantly.
Toxoplasma gondii parasites replicate by hijacking the host cell's starvation response, extracting essential amino acids like arginine. This discovery suggests promising new drug targets to treat intracellular pathogens.
Researchers are calling for a shift in river management to prioritize long-term risk assessment and adaptive management. The current tools are no longer effective due to increasing climatic uncertainty, and new models must be able to anticipate future shocks and manage biodiversity.
A study has characterised two distinct populations of gut immune cells, which could help scientists develop treatments targeting inflammation while preserving healthy gut function. The 'good' cell population helps keep the gut lining healthy, while the 'bad' cells cause excessive inflammation and are associated with inflammatory diseases.
Yvonne L. Kapila, a Professor in Orofacial Sciences at the University of Michigan, is recognized for her outstanding mentoring efforts, having mentored over 100 students and trainees globally.
Researchers developed a contactless cardiac arrest AI system using real 911 calls from Seattle. The algorithm detected agonal breathing 97% of the time from up to 20 feet away, and can function like an app on smart speakers or smartphones.
Three researchers win IADR Innovation in Oral Care Awards for developing novel treatments for craniofacial bone defects and periodontitis, with focus on growth-factor-free approaches.
Scientists at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed nanocatalysts made from cobalt iron oxide that achieve high reaction rates in oxygen generation without the need for binders. The catalysts exhibit exceptional stability under extreme conditions, making them a promising alternative to expensive precious metal catalysts.
A recent multicenter analysis found that including diverse populations in large-scale genomic studies is critical for reducing health disparities and accurately representing genetics-related disease risks. The study identified 27 new trait-variant associations, furthersing our understanding of the genetic architecture of traits.
The latest Nature Index annual tables reveal that smaller institutes are punching above their weight, with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria leading the normalized rankings. These institutions have common features such as ambition, interdisciplinarity, and backing from Nobel laureates.
Isabelle Denry received the 2019 Wilmer Souder Award in Dental Caries Award for her contributions to ceramic development and bone replacement. Her research focuses on resorbable bioactive glassceramic scaffolds for dental applications.
Concordia researchers develop a new technique to detect obstructions in bi-leaflet mechanical heart valves, which can help identify potential issues with blood flow. The method uses particle image velocimetry and phase-contrast MRI to simulate blood flow patterns, allowing for non-invasive detection of valve dysfunction.
A Université de Montréal study found that five- and six-year-old inattentive boys are more likely to report lower incomes at 33 to 35 years of age compared to their pro-social peers. Pro-social children, on the other hand, are on a trajectory leading to better-paying jobs.
Researchers developed new electrolytes containing multiple additives to improve lithium-ion battery performance across a wider temperature range. The optimized combination enhanced discharging performance and long-term stability at low temperatures, while also improving cycling stability at higher temperatures.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba developed a novel process for generating coherent lattice waves in silicon crystals using ultrashort laser pulses. This breakthrough may lead to the creation of faster and more efficient quantum computers.
Nick Fang is analyzing regional drainage and proposing recommendations to prevent future flooding in nine southeast Texas counties. His research has the potential to change not only an area but the entire state, saving property and improving flood warning systems.
A new scoring system measures the impact of living with multiple chronic illnesses, revealing a faster decline in thinking and memory abilities for those with higher scores. People with higher multimorbidity scores are also more likely to die by suicide and experience poor mental well-being.
A recent study published in Nature Communications proposes that a significant rise in oxygen levels during the Cambrian period was triggered by extraordinary changes in global plate tectonics. This increase in oxygen led to a surge in photosynthesis and oxygen production, allowing a diverse range of animal life to thrive.
A new study reveals that Antarctic marine life took over 320,000 years to recover after the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. It wasn't until up to one million years later that the number of species on the sea floor returned to pre-extinction levels.
Stephen Birch, a renowned researcher at the University of Queensland, has been recognized for his outstanding contributions to dental research with the 2019 Behavioral, Epidemiologic and Health Services Research Award. He is celebrated for his extensive publications and collaborations on various oral health themes.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine reanalyzed preexisting molecular data with new disease-causing genes and genetic knowledge, increasing the diagnostic rate nearly doubling it in one cohort. The computational pipeline facilitated semi-automated reanalysis, reducing labor intensity and cost.