A team of Lehigh University optimization experts, led by Tamás Terlaky, will work on optimizing algorithms for quantum computing with a $2.1M DARPA grant. They aim to demonstrate that quantum computers can surpass classical computers on certain problems.
A South African study reveals that most teenagers who leave children's homes do not engage in criminal activities, with about three-quarters reporting no involvement. However, a small percentage of care-leavers commit more serious incidents of crime, often driven by survival needs.
A new molecular imaging technique, PSMA PET/CT, is more accurate than conventional medical imaging in detecting prostate cancer spread. The approach helps doctors tailor treatments by identifying disease extent at diagnosis.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have identified a key mechanism to clear damaged mitochondria, which contributes to age-related decline in muscle function. The study suggests that activating AMPK with drugs or exercise may stimulate mitochondrial clearance, keeping muscles healthy and prolonging physical capabilities.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a one-step fabrication process that enhances the ability of nanocarbons to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water. The new method involves adding amino groups to the nanocarbons, which forms stronger chemical bonds with the heavy metals.
A miniature double particle accelerator has been built by DESY scientists, recycling some of the laser energy to boost the electrons' energy a second time. The device uses terahertz radiation and achieved an increase in electron energy from 55 to 56.5 kilo electron volts.
A new method called Shotgun ion mobility mass spectrometry sequencing (SIMMS2) has been invented to map the structures of heparan sulfates, which play key roles in regulating biological functions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new therapeutics for diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt studied brain activity in Seba's short-tailed bats to understand how the brain controls vocalization. They identified a group of nerve cells creating a circuitry from the frontal lobe to the corpus striatum, which fires off rhythmic signals predicting echolocation or communication sounds.
Researchers found that plasma monitoring by RT-PCR-based EGFR mutation test can rapidly identify NSCLC patients resistant to osimertinib treatment due to different types of mutations. The study suggests that fluctuating levels of EGFR sensitizing mutations in plasma reflect tumor burden.
A second Dust Bowl would severely impact global wheat stocks, with a 31% initial loss and up to 75% depletion by the end of four years. Global trade and supply chains would be affected, leading to price increases for consumers worldwide.
A team of Berkeley Lab cosmologists, led by George Stein and Uros Seljak, developed a code that best identified a mock signal hidden in simulated particle-collision data. Their efficient machine learning tool, called sliced iterative optimal transport, can run on a simple desktop or laptop computer.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have deciphered daptomycin's mode of action, blocking cell wall construction and leading to bacterial death. The study sheds light on the antibiotic's mechanism, paving the way for optimization and combination therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Researchers found that DOT1L inhibition significantly reduces MM cell viability in vitro and inhibits xenograft growth in mice. Concomitant targeting of SETD1B enhances this effect, suggesting a novel therapeutic angle for cancer treatment.
A preclinical study characterized quizartinib's binding affinity and selectivity for FLT3, demonstrating its high affinity and preclinical antitumor activity against midostaurin-resistant AML cells. The study aims to evaluate the role of quizartinib in treating relapsed or refractory AML patients.
Dr. Juan Madera has been recognized as a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) for his outstanding research on diversity management in the hospitality industry. His work has had a significant impact on job attitudes, discrimination, and sexual harassment in organizational settings.
Biomass-enabled nanomaterials are being developed to facilitate energy-efficient water treatment, with potential applications in reducing costs and providing clean water to communities. The materials will be designed to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals from water, enabling sustainable desalination and purification processes.
Scientists at University of Göttingen produce new nanomaterial based on Egyptian blue pigment for near infrared spectroscopy and microscopy. The resulting nanosheets are stable, fluoresce brightly in the near infrared range, and enable clear resolution using modern microscopes.
The article provides guidance on supporting clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings highlight the importance of maintaining a patient-centered approach and adapting to new clinical challenges.
A reanalysis of a global amphibian disease study found the main conclusions lack evidence and are unreproducible. The research review previously linked the chytrid fungus to hundreds of amphibian declines, but the new analysis identified data deficiencies and methodological issues.
Researchers used AI to predict tumor sensitivity to three systemic cancer therapies in patients with advanced NSCLC. The models achieved an AUC of 0.77, 0.67, and 0.82 for nivolumab, docetaxel, and gefitinib, respectively.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have decoded the 3D architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, providing concrete starting points for developing inhibitors. The analysis was conducted using high-intensity X-ray light from BESSY II.
Researchers in the Keller group at ETH Zurich have measured for the first time how single photons alter an unbound electron's dynamics. They found a delay of up to 12 attoseconds between s- and d-electrons, depending on their angular momentum. This subtle signature reflects underlying quantum-mechanical effects.
A standardized dementia test has been adapted for use in seven Indian languages, enabling accurate diagnosis and mild cognitive impairment detection. The study found high diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for future cross-national research studies.
Researchers at Princeton University have established definitive physical rules governing capsule impact, relating it to the behavior of water droplets. Their findings provide a simple model for understanding how fluid-filled capsules deform with impact, applicable to various technologies and biological functions.
Charlotte Gill is leading a project to develop a guidebook and online training course for police agencies in small and rural communities. The project aims to translate evidence-based crime reduction best practices into actionable recommendations for these agencies.
New research finds that autism prevalence is increasing among poor and minority groups in California, while decreasing in wealthier areas. This trend suggests a growing economic and racial divide in autism risk factors.
Researchers from ITMO University developed a new statistical analysis method to determine the size of atoms with high accuracy. This approach enables precise data on intermolecular interactions, crucial for assessing drug-protein binding and molecular structure.
A new adhesive method allows conductive polymer gels to adhere to a wide variety of surfaces, including glass and gold, even when exposed to moisture. This breakthrough enables the development of more durable and reliable biomedical sensors and implants.
Researchers investigate coronary microvascular spasm using real-time blood flow velocity measurement during acetylcholine testing. The study aims to provide objective evidence on the existence of coronary microvascular spasm, a condition affecting chronic coronary syndromes.
A recent study found that most ammonia emitted from fertilized paddy fields deposits near the source, rather than entering the atmosphere. This process reduces atmospheric ammonia pollution and is a result of dry deposition.
New water-soluble polyurethane inhibitors significantly reduce hydrate formation and corrosion in pipelines. Researchers developed the first multi-functional reagents to address two key issues: efficient hydrocarbon production and transportation, as well as environmental risks.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a device that can detect changes in the extracellular matrix, a structure surrounding cells in the human body, to monitor disease progression. This non-destructive method uses sound waves to measure stiffness, providing an alternative to damaging methods.
A new article provides guidance on allocating stockpiled ventilators to healthcare facilities during a severe pandemic, considering factors such as need assessment and access to vulnerable populations. The strategies outlined are crucial for state and local planners to make informed decisions under difficult conditions.
Researchers found that neutral language was rated as more credible, while positive adjectives led to lower trust. The study's findings have implications for doctors and researchers communicating with patients online.
Vivli has launched a portal for sharing data from completed COVID-19 trials, waiving member and user fees. The move aims to advance knowledge around the pandemic by making data transparently available to all researchers.
A study on three-spined stickleback fish found that epigenetic modifications affect adaptation to salinity changes, but inducible markers improve response to environmental change. The research suggests organisms will eventually reach their limits to respond to climate change despite epigenetic modes of adaptation.
A Stanford University team has created a new device that records electrical brain signals with high resolution, offering potential breakthroughs in prosthetics, disease treatment, and brain research. The device, featuring thousands of microwires, can be used to study neural activity on a single-neuron level.
The study reveals that zero-point vibrations can significantly reduce open-circuit voltage and efficiency in organic solar cells. By understanding the relationship between molecular properties and macroscopic device properties, researchers can develop novel materials to overcome these limitations.
Researchers are studying gene transcription in blood of patients undergoing buprenorphine treatment to understand its therapeutic effects. The study aims to identify key genes and their association with clinical results, potentially leading to new treatments for opioid use disorder.
A recent study found that older cancer patients taking 15 or more medications prior to chemotherapy treatment had a 114% increase in hospitalization rates. The researchers also identified similar increases in breast and prostate cancer patients, with median medication counts of 6, 10, and 11 therapies respectively.
Researchers at CNIC have identified an inflammatory regulatory circuit controlled by endothelial cells in the eye, which may regulate retinal vascular diseases and inflammatory disorders. The discovery provides new perspectives on treating conditions like age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Researchers developed a new method to accurately record brain activity at scale, enabling the creation of brain-computer interface systems. The technology overcomes challenges in recording brain activity across large areas and minimizes tissue damage.
Dr. Stephanie Roberts receives the SPR Bridging to Success Award for supporting transitioning pediatric physician-scientists. Her research focuses on understanding genetic variants affecting pubertal onset and reproductive disorders.
The Network for Computational Modeling in Social and Ecological Sciences (CoMSES Net) is a global clearinghouse for computer models that can simulate the spread of the coronavirus. Thousands of scientists are developing these models, but their assumptions and algorithms need to be scrutinized and improved upon.
A new satellite-based algorithm, BESS-STAIR, has achieved unprecedented accuracy in estimating crop water use in the US Corn Belt. The framework combines plant's carbon-water-energy cycles to provide high-resolution data on a daily basis, offering real-time benefits for farmers
The study discovered a link between the amount of DESNT subtype cells in a tumor sample and disease progression. The findings also identified three new subtypes of prostate cancer that could be used to stratify patients for different treatments.
A new study by FSU researchers reveals that groundwater flows on top of frozen permafrost are a significant source of dissolved organic matter entering Arctic coastal waters. This ancient carbon is transported to the ocean without decomposition and provides a new food source for local coastal ecosystems.
Herold, a former tropical cyclone, has weakened to a low-pressure area with wispy clouds and minimal heavy rainfall. NASA's Aqua satellite provided forecasters with a visible image of the storm's center on March 20.
The American College of Cardiology has released the first competency statement for nurse practitioners and physician assistants in adult cardiovascular medicine. The document outlines core competencies for systems-based practice, medical knowledge, and procedural skills to improve access to care and enhance patient satisfaction.
Researchers found that groundwater flowing from frozen permafrost carries significant concentrations of carbon and nutrients to Arctic coastal food webs. The discovery suggests a new and potentially important source of fuel for local coastal ecosystems.
A two-year study found that 96% of bird feed mixes contained seeds from pigweed species weeds, which can represent a significant threat to agriculture. Researchers also discovered resistance to glyphosate in Palmer amaranth and waterhemp seeds in some mixes.
A study led by HKU marine biologist Dr Celia Schunter reveals that reef fishes are directly affected by heatwaves, but their responses vary greatly among species. The research tracked the molecular response of five species to the 2016 heatwave conditions on the Great Barrier Reef.
A research team discovered a novel acid tolerance system in E. coli, enabling growth at pH 4.2 and existing in various pathogenic bacteria. This system confers survival in gastric acid and may be a new target for antimicrobial development.
Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery have discovered a molecule in the lymphatic system that may play a role in autoimmune disease. The study found that this molecule, CCL2, limits antibody responses and can help regulate immune cell function.
Researchers developed a counter-intuitive disturbance-promoted gelation method, accelerating gelation to one to ten minutes at room temperature. The method exhibits enhanced photoelectrocatalytic properties, outperforming commercial palladium/carbon.
Recent studies challenge traditional approaches to understanding air pollution impacts by highlighting the importance of dry deposition processes, particularly ammonia. Ammonia plays a vital role in nitrogen deposition and haze pollution, with global concentrations increasing worldwide over recent decades.
George Mason University's Lance Liotta has received a grant of $72,000 to study the adaptation mechanisms of cellular protein networks. The Australian Research Council Future Fellowship will provide an additional $784,680 over two years.
A cross-sectional survey in the US and UK found that the general public has varying levels of knowledge about COVID-19, with some misunderstanding key concepts. The study suggests that targeted education efforts could improve public understanding and adherence to prevention measures.
A team of physicists from Università di Trento created colloidal glasses with controlled unidirectional stress, allowing for the manipulation of mechanical properties. This breakthrough could enable the development of new types of glass for various industrial applications.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that COVID-19 remains detectable for up to three hours in aerosols, up to four hours on copper, and up to two to three days on plastic and stainless steel. The virus can also be transmitted through casual contact, highlighting the importance of proper hygiene practices.