Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a substance, Lu AF60097, that can regulate serotonin levels in the brain and reduce severe side effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants. This new approach may allow for more effective treatment of severe depression while minimizing potential harm.
Researchers at University of California, Irvine have published a comprehensive overview of skin cell changes before wound healing. The study provides insights into the underlying mechanisms driving poor wound healing in diabetic patients.
A new AI-driven system, DeepSPM, demonstrates fully-autonomous Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) operation, allowing for optimal data acquisition and quality assessment without human supervision. This breakthrough enables long-term SPM operation and bridges the gap between nanoscience, automation, and artificial intelligence.
Research found that individuals with type 2 diabetes who participate in online support groups have worse health outcomes and higher levels of disease-related complications. In contrast, users with type 1 diabetes did not show a significant correlation between forum participation and health outcomes.
A new study reveals that sugar-rich diets can lead to early death, but not due to obesity. The researchers found that the build-up of uric acid is a key factor in this process. By providing flies with access to water, they were able to prevent the accumulation of uric acid and subsequent shortened survival.
A new study from Brown University researchers reveals that Ritalin and similar medications primarily direct the brain to emphasize task benefits over costs. The study found that increased dopamine levels in the striatum region motivate individuals to focus on the positive aspects of completing difficult tasks.
Researchers have devised a new three-dimensional model of the heliosphere, breaking down charged particles into two groups to understand its shape. The 'croissant' with a long tail and the beach ball models are now reconciled, revealing a unique shape that splits the difference between them.
Researchers at KAUST are developing a system that can transmit both light and energy to underwater devices, enhancing sensing and communication in the ocean. This technology has potential applications in climate change research, seismic activity detection, and underwater search and rescue operations.
Scientists studied monocytes in young and elderly individuals, finding that energy production decreases and inflammation markers increase with age. This research provides a foundation for understanding age-related changes and potential solutions to slow down vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
Yale researchers identified a critical molecule in prefrontal cortex circuits that enables working memory. Activating this receptor may offer potential treatments for neurocognitive disorders like schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
New research suggests that racial achievement gaps, rather than systemic bias, are the primary reason for the overrepresentation of students of color in special education. The study found that districts with larger black-to-white or Hispanic-to-white achievement gaps were also more likely to report higher risk ratios. This method can b...
A new study found a dramatic increase in the global abundance of Anisakis worms, also known as herring worms, which can be transmitted to humans through raw or undercooked seafood. The parasite's rise could have implications for human health and marine mammal populations.
A new algorithm allows researchers to determine dominant phytoplankton types and identify toxic algal blooms using satellite data. This breakthrough can assess water quality and impact the fishing industry, as well as inform conclusions on global warming's effects on marine plankton.
Researchers assessed over 4,000 studies on species reintroduction and found that conservation success rates have improved over time. Machine learning and natural language processing techniques helped identify key indicators of positive sentiment, such as words like 'success,' 'protect,' and 'growth.'
A research team has induced a re-association of the right thumb with a virtual left arm through visuo-motor synchronization in a virtual environment. The study contributes to understanding body schemes of augmented humans and their limitations. Body-part re-association may be applied to developing functional prosthesis and embodied tools.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that homeless patients admitted with a heart attack often received less treatment, had longer hospital stays, and were more likely to be readmitted. These patients also faced unique challenges due to high rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and HIV infections.
A new consensus statement offers UTI treatment recommendations to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment, while protecting against antimicrobial resistance. The statement aims to help healthcare providers diagnose, treat, and prevent UTIs in PALTC residents, who face increased risks of bacterial colonization and infection.
Researchers studied vampire bat behavior, finding that social grooming and food sharing can build trust among unrelated bats to form long-lasting bonds. This cooperation is crucial for survival, as vampire bats must rely on each other for blood meals or risk starvation.
A rare case of a giant right atrial myxoma with dual blood supply from the left and right coronary arteries was reported. The tumor was successfully excised via open-heart surgery, with no recurrence during a 3-year follow-up.
A Phase II study found pembrolizumab to be effective in treating four rare cancer types with acceptable toxicity profiles. The treatment resulted in a median non-progression rate of 28% at 27 weeks, with complete response rates varying between 31-43% for each cancer type.
New research from McGill University predicts a significant increase in Arctic sea ice movement by mid-century, leading to more widespread pollutant transport between neighboring countries. Thinner, faster-moving ice can carry pollutants and microplastics, posing a threat to Arctic waters.
A research team of physicists and chemists from Kiel University mimicked self-assembly processes to fabricate various patterns of controllable sizes, including the largest structures reported so far. They developed a model of intermolecular forces driving the self-assembly, enabling control over pattern size.
Death rates from metastatic melanoma dropped by nearly 18 percent between 2013 and 2016, thanks to new therapies that harness the immune system or target specific gene mutations. These advances in treatment have led to the largest yearly declines in deaths due to melanoma ever recorded.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have successfully harnessed bacteria's ability to create peptides with noncanonical amino acids, enabling the expansion of phage display libraries. This new method paves the way for new peptide-based therapeutics in cancer and other human diseases.
This special issue of Neurochemical Research honors Vittorio Gallo's groundbreaking research on glutamate neurotransmission, including his development of cerebellar granule cell cultures and biochemical assays. Gallo's work has had a lasting impact on our understanding of neural development and regeneration.
A study by Tohoku University researchers demonstrates that motor synergy emerges in robotic agents using deep reinforcement learning, enabling improved motor performance and energy consumption
Researchers have identified two crucial surface proteins, SpyAD and Isp2, that contribute to Group A streptococcus fitness in the female genital tract. This discovery may lead to the development of effective treatments and vaccines for puerperal sepsis.
Simon Fraser University researchers have developed a novel method for detecting individual molecules of RNA within a living cell using the Mango system. This technology, which involves binding fluorescent dyes to specific RNA sequences, enables faster and more efficient detection of pathogens like the coronavirus.
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft impacted asteroid Ryugu, creating an artificial crater that provided insights into the asteroid's age and surface cohesion. The results suggest a younger age estimate for Ryugu, with implications for surface age estimations of other rubble-pile asteroids.
Researchers studied vampire bat social dynamics in captivity and found that trust builds over time through grooming and smaller mutual investments. Almost 15% of unfamiliar female adult bats formed food-sharing relationships after 15 months together, suggesting that even strangers can develop strong bonds.
Researchers demonstrate chip-based devices that enable secure quantum key exchange over long distances, reducing size and power needs while maintaining high-speed performance. The new platform facilitates citywide networks and will eventually support complex communication protocols.
A comprehensive analysis of 929 human genomes provides unprecedented detail of our genetic history, highlighting the complexity of human evolution and its impact on disease susceptibility. The study identifies millions of previously unknown DNA variations that may influence susceptibility to different diseases.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that opening plastic packaging can generate small amounts of microplastics. The researchers monitored the generation of microplastics during tasks such as tearing open plastic bags and bottles, finding that different shapes and sizes of microplastics were produced.
Children with COVID-19 can play a major role in disease transmission, even if they appear asymptomatic. Researchers are working to understand how the virus affects kids and develop strategies to minimize transmission from children to others.
Researchers from China and Australia introduce the O-FIB technique, enabling high-resolution nano-writing in solid materials. The method uses far-field-induced near-field breakdown for direct nanowriting, achieving resolutions as low as sub-20 nm.
Researchers have developed a portable AI-powered surveillance device called FluSense that analyzes coughing sounds and crowd size to predict flu-like illnesses and trends. The device collects over 350,000 thermal images and 21 million audio samples from university clinic waiting rooms.
Domiciled feeding studies have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of dietary influences on health by providing controlled and standardized environments. By minimizing participant variability, these studies can elucidate complex interactions between diet changes, microbiota, and host physiology.
A Cornell University study re-dates Native American sites in the Mohawk Valley, revealing a more accurate historical timeline based on maize dating and statistical modeling. The findings challenge previous assumptions about trade practices and European contact.
A recent NIH study has found that a significant proportion of children with osteosarcoma carry genetic variants associated with increased cancer risk. The researchers identified harmful or likely harmful variants in over a quarter of patients, highlighting the importance of genetic testing and screening for family members.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism of optical gain in two-dimensional materials that requires only extremely low input power. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of energy-efficient photonic devices, potentially reducing the need for high electrical power.
A new study analyzes human bones from medieval cemeteries to shed light on ancient copper cookware. Researchers found that people consumed tiny portions of copper daily, with cities like Ribe using copper pots for 1000 years.
Researchers have developed a mini movie theater to measure the color spectrum visible to fiddler crabs, revealing their ability to discriminate between different wavelengths of light. The device uses blue and green light-emitting diodes and tilted screens to stimulate the crabs' reaction.
Researchers developed guidelines for giraffe translocations to ensure long-term population viability, including ideal group composition and decision-making processes. A founding population of 30 females and 3 males is recommended for initial translocations, while larger groups can be used to maintain genetic diversity.
Low serum vaspin levels are associated with coronary artery stenosis, while plasma concentration reflects possible endothelial dysfunction in CAD patients and correlates with disease severity. Vaspin also associates with metabolic syndrome and obesity parameters.
A new study by an international team of scientists reveals that the Cambrian Explosion was driven by abundant ecological opportunity early in life history. The researchers found that complex features become burdened by their own complexity, limiting evolutionary innovation. This discovery clarifies evolution and development during the ...
Researchers have developed a high-speed microscope that can image the brain of an alert mouse 1,000 times a second, capturing millisecond electrical pulses through neurons. This technique allows neuroscientists to track sub-threshold inputs and identify transmission problems associated with disease.
Researchers have developed a chip-based device that can shape and steer blue light with no moving parts, paving the way for miniaturized optical systems in augmented reality and other applications. The device's silicon nitride platform enables reconfigurable lenses to create arbitrary 3D light patterns.
Researchers have developed antineutrino detection technology to monitor nuclear reactors and detect plutonium production, providing high-level assurances of treaty compliance. The technology has potential applications in near-field and far-field monitoring, as well as verifying treaty compliance by tracking spent fuel.
A team of astronomers led by Nahum Arav has discovered the most energetic outflows ever witnessed in the universe, which tear across interstellar space like cosmic tsunamis. These quasar outflows accelerate material to breathtaking velocities, carrying hundreds of solar masses of material each year and pushing galaxies' formation forward.
Serum irisin is linked to various metabolic markers and may be a promising treatment for conditions like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest irisin's pathogenesis plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis.
Research by RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research identifies ATF7 as essential for intergenerational effects on metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. The study found that a male mouse's diet influences the health of future children through epigenetic changes in sperm cells.
A new study found that the protein peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) promotes breast cancer metastasis in mice when expressed in cancer cells. PAD4 enables immune cells to trap bacteria, but its role in breast cancer has been unclear.
Scientists create two innovative AST methods that can assess a pathogen's sensitivity to beta-lactams in just 30 minutes, targeting top CDC priorities. New phenotypic tests quantify small changes in nucleic acids after antibiotic exposure.
Researchers developed a method to engineer specific populations of neurons to manufacture electronic-tissue composites within living cells. This approach enables targeted use of electrical fields for therapeutic applications, such as pain relief and tissue regeneration.
Researchers found that evolution can select for loner behavior in slime molds, which could provide an ecological insurance plan to ensure the survival of collective behavior. The study suggests that having some individuals stay out of the swarm may be part of the strategy of this organism.
The Organs-on-Chips platform provides human-relevant disease modeling and studies to gain insights related to new drug modalities and disease mechanisms. Researchers can use the platform to assess safety risks and make informed decisions throughout the drug discovery and development process.
A Boston College-led team developed a graphene field effect transistor (G-FET) that selectively identifies deadly bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The rapid detection platform employs peptides to capture specific bacteria, allowing for fast and accurate diagnosis.
Rates of deaths related to hypertension have risen sharply across the US, with a 72% increase in rural areas and a 20% increase in urban areas. High blood pressure can cause damage to arteries and lead to events such as heart attacks or strokes, emphasizing the importance of taking it seriously.
Researchers found six substances with a strong link to bladder cancer in the urine of e-cigarette users, including carcinogens from combustion products and other tobacco products. The study's findings suggest that vaping may expose users to carcinogens similar to those found in cigarette smoke.
Researchers found a parasite from opossums infecting sea otters along the West Coast, with infected otters in British Columbia's northern Vancouver Island. The study suggests pathogens can travel long distances via water runoff and prey species like clams.