Articles tagged with Exosomes
Researchers identified a phenomenon where cancer cells export PD-L1 in exosomes, remotely disarming immune cells and preventing them from attacking tumors. This discovery may help explain immunotherapy resistance and hints at new strategies to unleash the immune system against disease.
Researchers discovered that exosomes carry heart-specific microRNAs from the bloodstream to progenitor cells in the bone marrow, triggering a repair response. This signals can improve cell-based cardiovascular repair after heart attacks.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have gained new insight into the triggers for preterm birth. The study found that exosomes, a type of cell-to-cell communication, play a crucial role in labor and delivery timing.
A study from McGill University reveals that a virus infecting the Leishmania parasite exploits cell-to-cell communication to spread and evade detection. This discovery could lead to effective vaccines against leishmaniasis, a disease causing severe disfiguration in tropical areas.
A highly sensitive method for detecting cancer biomarkers in exosomes has been developed using molecular imprinting technology. The device, created by Kobe University researchers, can detect about 150 exosomes in 10 microliters and achieves unprecedented high-sensitivity detection of 6 picograms per milliliter.
A new study led by Dr. Suresh Alahari found that the protein Nischarin regulates cell attachment and alters exosome properties, reducing breast cancer cell motility and adhesion. The research team's findings suggest that Nischarin-expressing exosomes may serve as an effective treatment for cancer.
Researchers discovered activated PMN exosomes cause destruction in COPD lungs, harboring protease enzymes like NE that degrade collagen. These tiny entities, similar to those found in human COPD patients, can also cause damage when instilled into healthy mice.
Researchers found that chemotherapy can induce tumors to release exosomes containing a protein that stimulates immune cells to attract cancerous cells, leading to metastasis. Neutralizing this protein or blocking immune cells may improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
A research team from Massachusetts Eye and Ear discovered a new mechanism by which the immune system protects itself against bacteria inhaled through the nose. The 'exosome swarm' process involves tiny fluid-filled sacs that directly attack bacteria and shuttle protective antimicrobial proteins along the airway to protect other cells.
A new study identifies 360 proteins in human reticulocyte exosomes that may work as a vaccine against vivax malaria. The findings support further studies on using reticulocyte exosomes and HuRex as a potential vaccine delivery platform.
Researchers found that Hsp90 stimulates exosome release, a process linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This novel function could inform drug development for these conditions.
Researchers at UIC are developing a new exosome-based approach to regenerate bone and tissues, with the goal of reducing side effects and advancing therapies. Engineered exosomes may aid regeneration faster than growth factors, with fewer complications.
A new NIH-funded study will investigate the role of exosomes in keloid development, with researchers hoping to identify novel therapies for this common skin condition. The study aims to improve our understanding of keloid pathogenesis and potentially develop more effective treatments.
Researchers have discovered that antibodies in mother's milk can survive the digestive system and deliver intact molecules into a baby's bloodstream. Now, they hope to encapsulate chemotherapy drugs in milk particles to create a potential alternative to infusions.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells release exosomes carrying PD-L1 to suppress the immune system, enabling a new approach to predict treatment response and track therapy effectiveness through blood tests. This finding has significant implications for precision medicine and personalized cancer care.
The NSU research team aims to improve therapeutic cell efficiency through manipulation of autophagy, a self-digestion pathway affecting exosome content. Understanding this process can lead to faster wound healing and improved organ regeneration.
Researchers found that mitochondrial DNA in exosomes triggers an antiviral genetic program, protecting against viral infection. Exosomes produced by T lymphocytes are taken up by dendritic cells via intercellular contacts and trigger alterations in gene expression.
Researchers identified exosomes as the main vehicle for spreading toxic proteins that trigger Alzheimer's Disease. Exosomes carrying oligomer amyloid-beta facilitate brain cell death, and their measurement could serve as a diagnostic tool.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified a protein called Munc13-4 that helps cancer cells secrete exosomes, stimulating tumor growth. Exosome release is dependent on calcium levels and can transfer oncogenes to neighboring cells, contributing to tumor progression.
Exosomes in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease contain toxic aggregates of amyloid beta and tau proteins, spreading the disease to new neurons. The study opens up the possibility of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and developing drugs that could prevent the spreading.
Researchers found that ZFC3H1 helps retain exosome targets in the nucleus, preventing their export to the cytoplasm. This new mechanism involves polyadenylated RNAs accumulating in distinct nuclear foci.
At the American Physiological Society's President's Symposium Series, top researchers discuss the biology and pathophysiology of exosomes, as well as their use in diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Exosome expert Leland Hartwell concludes the series with a Nobel Prize lecture on the importance of lifelong learning.
The study published in Stroke demonstrates that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC EVs) improved tissue and functional recovery in pigs following ischemic stroke. The results also showed NSC EV treatment was neuroprotective, eliminated intracranial hemorrhage, and improved behavior and mobility.
Researchers discovered that asbestos exposure sends exosomes to distant cells, causing genetic changes and potentially leading to cancer or diseases. The findings suggest a new mechanism by which asbestos triggers deadly cancers.
Researchers have identified microRNA 876-3p as a strong predictive biomarker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth-weight infants. The biomarker is associated with inflammation and impaired lung development, and its presence can help guide targeted therapies to prevent or lessen BPD.
Researchers at the German Primate Center have improved DNA transfer in gene therapy by modifying viruses to produce a protein called CD9, which increases exosome production and virus efficiency. This results in an 80% infection rate, making gene therapies more efficient.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have developed a new stem-cell based treatment for stroke that reduces brain damage and accelerates the brain's natural healing tendencies. In preclinical studies, the treatment showed a 35% decrease in brain atrophy rates and a 50% reduction in brain tissue loss.
Diabetes impairs dead heart-muscle cell removal, increasing cardiovascular risk. Researchers study mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes to boost dead cell removal and reduce inflammation after heart attacks.
Exosomes from tick cells can transmit viral proteins and genetic material to vertebrate host cells, enabling the spread of brain-infecting viruses. This discovery suggests that tick-borne Flaviviridae viruses may use exosomes to drive transmission and dissemination within the vertebrate host.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have discovered unique micro-RNA molecules in the blood that can diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS) and predict its progression. These findings hold promise for developing a definitive diagnostic test, which could lead to earlier treatment and improved outcomes for people with MS.
Exosomes secreted by cells in healthy individuals stop protein aggregation that leads to type 2 diabetes, but those in patients with the disease do not. This discovery provides new insights into the disease and may lead to the development of treatments.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a new way to label exosomes, which can be used as mini-shuttles to deliver drugs to specific sites in the human body. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for life-threatening diseases, including cancer.
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine found exosomes from inflamed adipose tissue macrophages cause metabolic derangements of diabetes. Exosomes carry microRNA that inhibits key proteins, leading to insulin resistance.
Researchers at Duke University have created a prototype device that uses sound waves and microfluidic technologies to sort out biological nanoparticles, known as exosomes, from blood samples. The device can isolate more than 80% of exosomes with a purity of 98%, offering a potential breakthrough for diagnostic or therapeutic devices.
Scientists have devised a way to intercept exosomes from blood using microfluidics and sound waves, which can be used to diagnose problems like cancer or fetal abnormalities. The new device analyzes patient blood samples for rapid diagnosis in under 25 minutes.
Scientists at Temple University are exploring exosome-based treatments for heart disease using a $11.6 million NIH grant. Researchers aim to understand the regenerative capabilities of exosomes and develop novel therapies for patients with heart disease.
Cancer cells use exosomes and semiochemicals to suppress the immune response, allowing them to multiply unopposed. Researchers have identified multiple new therapy approaches, including inhibiting PD-L1 receptors and blocking the recognition of Y RNA messages.
Exosomes, nanoscale sacs containing biomarkers, can capture changes in enzyme expression due to smoking, disease status, and environmental exposure. Researchers aim to use this non-invasive method to achieve personalized medicine for children and teens with varying levels of individual variability.
Studies found significant differences in microRNA cargo carried by exosomes in males and females with osteoarthritis, with females showing more altered biological processes. The findings suggest a link between estrogen levels and the development of osteoarthritis, potentially leading to new diagnostic and treatment options.
Exosomes, tiny biological nanoparticles, have shown promise in detecting and treating diseases such as cancer and Parkinson's. Researchers believe they can activate immune responses, deliver therapeutic molecules, and even serve as biomarkers for disease detection.
Researchers at Osaka University found a new mutation in the MUC1 gene that may act as an early marker of medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 (MCKD1). The mutation was discovered through whole-exome sequencing and suggests a potential biomarker for non-genetic testing to evaluate the risk of MCKD1.
Researchers developed 'iExosomes' that target mutant KRAS, a common mutation in pancreatic cancer, to deliver RNAi and suppress tumor growth. The therapy approach was more efficient than traditional methods, offering new hope for treating this aggressive form of cancer.
In a breakthrough study, Johns Hopkins researchers identified a new way that the brain communicates with the immune system, using vesicles and small fat-like molecules to send signals. This discovery may lead to the development of new treatments for brain injuries by targeting the inflammatory response.
A research team identified a mechanism by which influenza A viruses hijack cellular machinery to replicate, including the RNA exosome. This process is linked to congenital defects and neurodegeneration in people with rare mutations. The study offers future insight into common brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Research suggests that exosomes derived from very obese patients' fat can accelerate biological processes leading to atherosclerosis. In contrast, those from lean patients promote cholesterol efflux and reduce 'bad' cholesterol buildup. This discovery holds promise for early detection of chronic diseases in children.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a method to detect organ transplant rejection earlier, using a blood-based approach that targets 'transplant exosomes.' This new strategy may enable doctors to intervene sooner and reduce the risk of long-term side effects from immunosuppressive drugs.
Researchers developed a novel biofunctionalized silica nanostructure to selectively capture tumor-derived exosomes bearing the PSMA biomarker, overcoming limitations of alternative approaches. The technology enables non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer with high recovery yields and improved efficiency.
Researchers found that weight loss significantly reduces the risk of Type 2 diabetes by resetting the chemical messages sent by fat cells. After gastric bypass surgery, volunteers showed improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic health, with reduced markers of disease risk.
Researchers have discovered that stem cell secretions, called exosomes, can promote survival of retinal ganglion cells in rats, which could lead to potential therapies for glaucoma. The study found that exosome-treated retinal ganglion cells maintained function and lost fewer cells after optic nerve injury.
A research team at Nanjing University found that PKM2 promotes exosome release by phosphorylating SNAP-23, which controls the dock and release of secretory granules or exosome-containing multivesicular bodies. This study demonstrates for the first time that PKM2 plays an essential role in promoting tumor cell exocytosis.
A team of CNIC scientists has characterized a cell signal called ISGylation that impairs the secretion of exosomes, which are crucial for intercellular communication. The discovery sheds light on how this signal affects exosome formation and could lead to new biomedical applications.
Researchers found that pancreatic beta cells release proteins and their packaging, exosomes, which target the immune system. The study suggests a new direction for treatments focused on inhibiting immune cell activation.
Scientists at the Medical College of Georgia have found that vesicles that trap amyloid contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Reducing exosome production may help reduce amyloid accumulation and slow disease progression. However, female mice did not reap similar benefits, suggesting potential gender-specific differences in the disease.
Researchers at UTMB identified a molecule called p38 MAPK linked to premature birth, found in stressed exosomes from placental tissue. This discovery sheds light on the triggers of preterm delivery, which affects an estimated 15 million babies worldwide each year.
Researchers discovered that cells can pack and release ephrins and Eph receptors through extracellular vesicles, allowing them to transmit signals over a distance. This discovery has significant implications for understanding cell communication and developing new treatments for diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
A team of Cornell University researchers has devised a method for isolating one specific enzyme activity of SIRT6, a protein with multiple biological functions. The study used a mutant form of SIRT6 to determine its contribution to various functions, including genome stability and metabolism.
A $1.7 million NIH grant will help a Florida State University scientist uncover how cancer-causing viruses manipulate cell communication through exosomes. The research could lead to more effective and less harmful ways to treat diseases like cancer.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that cancer cells can consume amino acids directly from exosomes, tiny packets of proteins and nucleic acids, to fuel tumor growth. This finding contradicts the long-held Warburg effect theory, suggesting each type of cancer has a unique metabolic profile.
Researchers at UNC-Chapel Hill have created a new cancer treatment that uses immune bubbles to deliver chemotherapy directly to tumors. This innovative approach reduces the need for high doses of chemotherapy, potentially leading to more effective treatment with fewer and milder side effects.
Researchers have developed an innovative approach to treat drug addiction using RVG-exosome delivered RNAi against the opioid receptor mu (MOR). This method successfully down-regulates MOR in mouse brain and rescues opioid relapse. The study demonstrates the potential of this therapy for treating CNS diseases.