Articles tagged with Exosomes
A UT Southwestern study reveals that RNA exosomes are crucial for B cell development, which is critical for the immune system's ability to fight infection. The findings also explain why patients with a rare disease associated with RNA exosome deficiency experience immunodeficiency and recurrent infections.
Researchers have used cryo-EM to visualize the structure of a protein assembly called Nuclear Exosome Targeting (NEXT) Complex, which plays a crucial role in degrading faulty or unwanted RNA molecules. This breakthrough could help understand how defects in RNA degradation pathways contribute to diseases like cancer and cystic fibrosis.
Scientists found that a single 45-minute session of moderate-intensity exercise enables the growth of new blood vessels in people with type 2 diabetes. The exercise increases levels of ATP7A, a protein carried by exosomes that helps deliver essential copper to endothelial cells, promoting angiogenesis and reducing oxidative stress.
Researchers developed a virus that infects cancer cells, killing them while sending signals to nearby uninfected cells for viral attack. This approach shrinks tumors and enhances cancer-killing efficacy in various models, including pancreatic and ovarian cancers.
Researchers have uncovered a collaboration between RNA decay and chromatin regulating complexes that work together to control the levels of transposable element RNAs, preventing genetic instability. The study reveals an unprecedented mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
Robert Gourdie, a cardiovascular scientist at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, has been awarded an R35 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. This seven-year, $6.4 million grant enables him to pursue research on intercellular communication and its applications in treating various medical challenges.
Codiak BioSciences' exoASO-STAT6 demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to an M1 phenotype, showing promise as a monotherapy candidate for hepatocellular carcinomas and other cancers. The company plans to initiate Phase 1 clinical trials in the first half of 2022.
Melanoma cells release small packages containing the protein NGFR, which primes nearby lymph nodes to form new vessels and encourage cancer spread. This process, called lymphangiogenesis, may help doctors determine which patients need more aggressive treatment.
Concordia researchers develop a new liquid biopsy method that uses lab-on-a-chip technology to identify biomarkers of concern before a tumor even forms. The technique attracts and captures particles containing cancer-causing biomarkers, allowing for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Researchers have developed chimeric exosomes that co-activate the immune system to combat tumors. The therapy targets solid tumors, where the immune cells are often compromised, and improves treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a new, label-free biosensing platform for detecting cancer biomarkers in exosomes. The technology uses gold nanodisks to capture and analyze surface proteins on exosomes with high sensitivity.
A novel hybrid acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis technology has been developed for precise sorting of submicron bioparticles, including extracellular vesicles. The technology uses simultaneous acoustic and electric force fields to separate EVs with high purity and efficiency.
Researchers used exosomes to deliver a novel anti-HIV protein into infected mouse cells, silencing HIV replication and reducing its presence in the bone marrow, spleen, and brain. The treatment shows promise for future delivery methods for HIV and other brain diseases.
Scientists at City of Hope and Griffith University developed a novel anti-HIV protein called ZPAMt that can suppress HIV levels in the bone marrow, spleen, and brain of mice. The protein is delivered using exosomes, nanosized parts of cells that can reach difficult-to-access areas of the body.
Researchers at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft engineered synthetic exosomes that regulate cellular signaling during wound closure, leading to faster healing and improved formation of new blood vessels. The study provides a systematic understanding of extracellular vesicle communication and its potential therapeutic application.
Researchers successfully mimic nano spatial compartments to create artificial mitochondria, capable of supplying ATP or other useful molecules to cells in damaged or diseased tissues. The artificial organelles are generated from Exosome fusion and can function as energy reserves in the damaged tissues.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a scalable method to harvest exosomes from unpasteurized cow's milk, enabling the production of purified exosomes for oral drug delivery. The new protocol advances pharmaceutical applications for fragile drugs and opens up a wide range of clinical applications.
A new test with 'unprecedented early detection power' is being developed by a University of Houston researcher to detect cancer biomarkers in blood. The liquid biopsy method uses exosomes, small vesicles containing surface proteins and genetic materials, to improve the accuracy of measuring minimal residual disease (MRD) in cancer tumors.
Scientists have developed a minimally invasive exosome spray that helped repair rat hearts after myocardial infarction, outperforming traditional injection methods. The spray lasted longer and healed injuries better than injected exosomes, with promising results for heart repair
The Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation has developed the EV-CATCHER methodology, identifying and capturing tiny pieces of genetic material. This technology shows promise in diagnosing and treating diseases such as cancer early on.
Researchers have shown that injecting heart muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells that overexpress cyclin D2 can aid heart attack recovery. The treatment stimulates proliferation of existing heart muscle cells and promotes angiogenesis, a development of new blood vessels.
Epithelial cells line organs and tissues, using two languages to communicate with neighboring cells. The discovery could help understand cancer spread and develop new treatments.
University of Florida researchers have demonstrated a novel approach to triggering immunity against salmonella, using extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain antigens from the bacteria. In mice, these EVs induced both innate and adaptive immune responses, offering a promising direction for developing a vaccine.
Researchers developed an exosome-based therapeutic strategy to target and treat late-stage colorectal cancer by disrupting immunosuppressive factors. In preclinical models, this approach proved effective in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response and controlling tumor growth.
Researchers developed an exosome-coated stent that heals vascular injury by delivering regenerative stem cell-derived therapy to ischemic tissue. The stent reduces restenosis and promotes endothelial coverage compared to traditional drug-eluting and bare metal stents.
A new siRNA delivery system allows for in vivo self-assembled small RNA synthesis, enabling potent target gene silencing in various diseases. This strategy overcomes the limitations of conventional delivery methods, offering a promising approach to RNAi therapy.
Scientists have identified new biomarkers in exosomes produced by cancer stem cells, which could help diagnose and predict malignant melanoma. These biomarkers were found to be present in the blood of patients with different stages of the disease, distinguishing them from healthy individuals.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a novel urine test to diagnose human kidney transplant rejection. The study, published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, demonstrates that exosomes isolated from urine samples can serve as a viable biomarker for kidney transplant rejection.
Researchers develop a less invasive way to deliver stem cell and exosome therapeutics to the heart by injecting hydrogels containing these therapeutics into the pericardial cavity, showing promising results in preclinical studies
Researchers at WashU Medicine have found a new way to block chronic lung diseases such as asthma and COPD by targeting the packaging of inflammatory cytokines in exosomes. By blocking the release of these packaged cytokines, they can prevent damage to the lungs and slow disease progression in mice.
A team of undergraduate students from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology developed a laser-based technique to measure protein-containing vessels released by cells. The technique, known as dynamic light scattering (DLS), is reliable, convenient, and inexpensive, making it an efficient tool for studying exosomes.
Researchers have developed a system to capture and 'farm' natural killer immune cells from the blood to harvest their cancer-killing exosomes. The technology uses a microfluidic chip and ExoBeads to isolate NK exosomes, which are more stable and easier to modify for therapeutic purposes.
Researchers at UTMB successfully tested a bioengineered exosome delivery system that slows the migration of fetal immune cells and delays pre-term labor. The study's findings have significant implications for reducing pre-term birth rates and treating underlying causes of inflammation in fetuses.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have found that mixing exosomes with the protein casein can effectively treat muscular dystrophy and heart failure in laboratory mice. The study could lead to clinical trials of oral treatment for patients.
Researchers at Duke University have created a new method to concentrate and separate nanoparticles using sound waves, working in under a minute instead of traditional centrifugation methods which take hours or days. The technique can be used for precision bioassays, cancer diagnosis, and more.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a potential new treatment for ligament injuries using exosomes and macrophages. The study found that exosome-educated macrophages can promote ligament healing and reduce scarring, with increased collagen production and reduced scar formation.
Researchers identify how night-shift work causes internal clock confusion by disrupting cell secretions during shift changes. This disruption leads to increased insulin resistance and other health issues, as cells in the body do not adjust quickly enough to shifts in sleep patterns.
A team of Canadian virologists identified a critical role played by the RTN3 protein in the progression of Hepatitis C virus infection. This discovery could lead to better treatments and potentially effective vaccines for the disease, which affects over 130 million people worldwide.
A research team at HKUMed discovered that exosomes derived from Vδ2-T cells can effectively control EBV-associated tumours and induce T-cell anti-tumour immunity. Allogeneic Vδ2-T-Exos showed higher therapeutic efficacy than autologous Vδ2-T-Exos in humanized mice.
This study reveals that hypoxic exosomes promote sphere formation and stem-like phenotype in EWS cells by delivering enriched miR-210. The knockdown of HIF-1α led to decreased exosomal miR-210 levels, while inhibition of miR-210 attenuated sphere formation.
Researchers found that exosomes secreted by cardiac cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells improved myocardial recovery and reduced arrhythmia in pigs. The treatment showed regenerative benefits equivalent to injecting living cells, without increasing the risk of tumorigenesis.
Researchers developed an 'cell-less' therapy that accelerates recovery from heart attack in pigs by injecting tiny membrane-bound sacs containing proteins and DNA into the heart. This approach avoids safety concerns associated with whole-cell transplants, which often fail to engraft and can cause severe health issues.
A new study by Osaka University researchers reveals that an abnormality of the C9orf72 gene leads to toxic protein production and hinders the cell's ability to destroy defective RNA. This creates a vicious cycle that accelerates disease progression in FTLD/ALS, opening up avenues for potential therapy options.
Cancer cells release small vesicles called exosomes that can re-programme surrounding cells, driving tumour growth and metastasis. The newly discovered Rab11a-exosomes may help cancers evade treatments.
Researchers from Osaka University found that adiponectin, a fat cell hormone, improves the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for heart failure. The study showed that increasing adiponectin levels strengthens cardiac function following MSC therapy.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that biomechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment enhance breast cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. The study also discovered that exosome production plays a key role in promoting aggressive tumor growth and inducing immune suppression.
Researchers at Brain Chemistry Labs have developed a new blood test that can diagnose ALS earlier than current methods, using brain exosomes and microRNA. The test, based on genetic material shed by different tissues, distinguishes between ALS patients and healthy controls with high accuracy.
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a technology that uses an electric field to concentrate and separate cancer biomarkers onto a paper strip, detecting miniscule levels of the markers in as little as 10 minutes. This breakthrough could lead to earlier detection of and faster treatments for cancer.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health discovered a cell defense mechanism that uses tiny, protein-coated packages called exosomes to bind to and neutralize bacterial toxins. This 'soaking up' of toxins helps keep cells safe from infection.
A new study reveals that nuclear RNAs are sorted using a two-layered targeting mechanism, where NEXT and PAXT complexes work together to degrade non-functional transcripts. This process prevents deleterious accumulation of non-functional RNAs in cells.
After a stroke, sticky exosomes accumulate on the lining of blood vessels, activating platelets and causing them to adhere to the vessel walls. This buildup can lead to additional brain damage and worsen stroke outcomes. Synthetic exosomes may hold promise as potential treatment options.
Researchers have found that an exosome treatment can promote full recovery in swine with severe stroke, even in cases where brain cells are at risk of dying. The treatment works by interrupting the process of cell death and reducing damage signals throughout the brain network.
Scientists have developed a new gene-therapy technique using exosomes to communicate with other cells, which has shown promising results in slowing tumor growth and prolonging survival in mice with gliomas. The technology relies on patented technology that prompts human cells to produce nanocarriers containing a drug.
A novel noninvasive technique using acoustofluidics analyzes saliva for the presence of human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16), associated with oropharyngeal cancers. The test detected OPC in 40% of patients tested and 80% of confirmed cases, offering early detection, risk assessment, and screening.
Researchers at the University of Georgia developed a new cell-to-cell messaging technology using bio-manufactured exosomes to treat traumatic brain injuries. The treatment, called IV treatment, showed improved functional recovery in rats after TBI.
Researchers develop a method to deliver palladium catalysts into cancer cells via exosomes, transforming inactive compounds into potent anticancer agents. This process targets cancer cells preferentially, reducing harm to healthy tissues.
Researchers studying spherical exosomes, tiny cargo-filled spheres that arrive at the scene of acute kidney injury, aim to learn more about their role in repair and restore function. They suspect these exosomes can be controlled to better treat injuries and prevent permanent damage.
Researchers studied the contents of exosomes released by melanoma cells and found that they selectively package certain proteins and RNAs to influence immune cell response. This finding suggests that cancer cells may use their exosomes to avoid eradication by subduing T cell activity.
Researchers developed a needle-free 'exosome' treatment that reduces wrinkles in UV-exposed mice, improving skin health and collagen production. The treatment uses a jet of air to deliver medications deep into the skin, providing a more youthful appearance.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have shown that exosomes harvested from human skin cells are more effective at repairing sun-damaged skin cells in mice than popular retinol or stem cell-based treatments. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be delivered to the target cells via needle-free injections.