A new method for identifying sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer uses photoacoustic microscopy and CD44 and SR-B1 dual-targeting nanoparticles. The technique distinguishes between metastatic SLNs and inflamed LNs, providing a potential solution for reducing complications during surgery.
Researchers studied the effects of relative humidity, environmental temperature, and wind speed on coronavirus transmission. They found that evaporation is a critical factor in virus survival and concentration, with high temperatures and low relative humidity reducing virus viability.
Researchers at KAUST have developed graphene-based sensors to monitor multiple environmental variables in extreme conditions. The sensors can withstand temperatures of up to 650 degrees Celsius and offer increased sensitivity in temperature sensing.
A $1m research project will examine fossilised fungi from 15-17 million years ago to forecast the impact of predicted rises in current global temperature on present day species. The study aims to understand how fungi respond to past warm climates, which could provide valuable information for adapting to climate change.
Research finds that lower blood zinc levels are associated with poorer outcomes in COVID-19 patients, including higher inflammation and mortality. Patients with lower plasma zinc levels had a 7% reduced risk of in-hospital mortality compared to those with higher levels.
Research suggests that cancer patients with COVID-19 have a higher mortality rate due to their age and comorbidities, rather than the cancer. The study found that survival at 30 days was worse in cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients.
Researchers analyzed focus groups with individuals who experienced post-exertional malaise (PEM), a key feature of ME/CFS. PEM symptoms included exhaustion, cognitive difficulties, and neuromuscular complaints, affecting daily life and requiring complete rest to reduce symptoms.
Tropical Storm Dolphin is moving northward and is expected to weaken gradually before becoming extra-tropical near Tokyo. NASA's Terra satellite captured visible imagery of the storm on September 22, revealing strong storms and thunderstorms in its northeastern quadrant.
Researchers create a new technique using luminescent DNA tools to visualize mechanical forces of cells at the molecular level. They discovered that platelets have a concentrated core of mechanical tension and a thin rim that continuously contracts, opening up new possibilities for studying blood clotting disorders.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that true asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 comprise a minority of infections. The researchers estimated that 20% (95% CI 17-25) of COVID-19 infections remained asymptomatic during follow-up.
A new review article reveals that COVID-19 mortality rates are significantly higher among men than women, with sex-based physiological differences potentially contributing to the increased risk. The study highlights the importance of considering sex as a key variable in research related to immunity and infectious disease.
A research team has successfully sequenced and assembled the Wels catfish genome, which is expected to reveal insights into its remarkable growth rate, appetite, and lifespan. The study's findings will help address bottlenecks in aquaculture and conservation of wild populations.
A Northwestern University research team developed a new theory that can predict the movement of an animal's sensory organs while searching for vital information. The theory, called energy-constrained proportional betting, provides insight into how animals gamble on energy expenditure to get useful information.
Researchers found that irisin altered the expression of genes regulating ACE-2, a key protein in viral entry. Irisin also tripled levels of TRIB3 transcription, which has been linked to lower replication of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests irisin's therapeutic potential for COVID-19 treatment.
Scientists have found a new metabolic pathway that can be disrupted with acetohydroxamic acid, preventing many plant fungi from invading the host plant. The discovery provides a new approach to pathogen control using an existing active ingredient.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without autoantibodies have distinct conditions. Longitudinal data from 1,285 RA patients showed improved disease activity but varying long-term outcomes depending on autoantibody status.
The five-year accelerated bachelor's and master's degree program provides curricular and co-curricular support to increase diverse STEM research population, addressing growing need for more underrepresented groups in engineering and AI.
A new Mayo Clinic study found that clinical oncologists are less informed about the federal Right to Try (RTT) law, citing concerns over patient safety and regulatory burden. The study also revealed that most oncologists had limited familiarity with RTT despite having experience with FDA's Expanded Access Programs.
A study of over 3.5 million Nordic children found a slight increase in autism risk for each week of gestation before or after 40 weeks, regardless of sex or birth weight. The relative risk was highest for children born at 22-31 weeks and lowest for those born post-term (after 42 weeks), with an overall low ASD incidence of 1.44%.
A study of 213 asymptomatic individuals found they carried the same amount of virus in their noses and throats as symptomatic patients. This raises concerns about their potential role in driving the spread of COVID-19.
The study predicts the Asian giant hornet's potential spread in the US, including down the west coast, and globally to parts of Africa, Europe, Australia, and South America. Suitable habitats include regions with warm summers, mild winters, and high rainfall.
Tropical Storm Lowell's strongest storms were located around its center and southern quadrant, with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind shear played a significant role in the storm's formation and strength, with NASA providing data to support forecasters' predictions.
Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology engineers developed an approach to overcome the initial trial-and-error phase of reinforcement learning. This allows computers to quickly find the right path without extreme fluctuations, slashing energy use by over 20% in complex systems.
A new research initiative aims to predict and help rural communities adapt to climate change's impact on biodiversity. The project develops novel approaches for modeling, visualizing, and forecasting spatial and temporal data.
A team of Pitt professors has received a $1 million NSF grant to create an at-home glaucoma monitoring device that uses acoustic waves to measure intraocular pressure. The project aims to enable patients and non-clinicians to reliably assess IOP, allowing doctors to tailor treatments more effectively.
A new Canadian study reveals that childhood sexual abuse survivors experience a higher incidence of genitourinary problems, such as urinary tract infections and pain during sex. The research also found that psychological distress is partly responsible for the physical trauma, highlighting the need for a combined approach to treatment.
A nationwide study led by OHSU finds that the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model improves health outcomes for Black patients, with reduced spending and hospital readmissions. Hispanic patients showed mixed results, but overall disparities persisted despite improvements in post-acute care use.
A University of Central Florida study suggests that keeping a gratitude journal can lead to less rude behavior and mistreatment of others in the workplace. Researchers found that employees who spent a few minutes a day writing down things they were grateful for engaged in fewer gossiping, ostracizing behaviors.
A research team from Friedrich Schiller University Jena has proven that dust particles and ice are mixed in the interstellar medium. This finding suggests complex organic molecules may be present on dust particles, which can contribute to planetary formation. The study also reveals a hidden reservoir of oxygen in solid-state water.
The number of unemployed people with disabilities has declined since May 2020, but some are now actively looking for work instead of waiting to be recalled from temporary layoff. This shift may signal a slowing recovery due to ongoing COVID-19 outbreaks and regional economic variations.
Stanford researchers found that local news media in Chicago give less coverage to Black and Hispanic victims than white victims, even when controlling for neighborhood demographics. The study revealed disparities in word count and complexity of personhood, highlighting the need for more nuanced reporting.
A new model developed by University of Georgia scientists found that achieving herd immunity through mitigation is unlikely without constant adjustments in lockdown measures. The suppression strategy offers a more feasible approach, predicting fewer fatalities with self-isolation engagement and social distancing measures.
New seismic data gathered by Stanford University researchers provides the first west-to-east view of the subsurface where India and Asia collide. The study suggests two competing processes are operating beneath the collision zone: movement of one tectonic plate under another, as well as thinning and collapse of the crust.
Using advanced X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) to study smoldering, Stanford researchers developed a new analysis method that provides three-dimensional images of wood structures. Their computer model can predict where wildfires might strike next and allocate resources more efficiently, saving lives and reducing property loss.
Researchers at Dauphin Island Sea Lab found that pre-storm oceanic environments contribute to hurricane intensification. Marine heatwaves, like those caused by Hurricane Michael, can prime the coastal waters for extreme storm events.
University of Queensland research reveals that conservation planning is often inadequate, neglecting critical ecosystem services that benefit humans, such as freshwater and pollination services. The study proposes a formal process for governments and policymakers to develop more effective plans.
Researchers found that diabetes increases autophagy initially, but then decreases it due to the activation of tumor suppressor p53 and microRNA miR-214, leading to hypertrophy, scarring, and inflammation in the kidneys. This discovery offers a potential target for preventing or slowing kidney failure.
Researchers use a new method to extract information from cryo-EM data, enabling the visualization of minimum free-energy pathways during simulations. This study demonstrates the potential of cryo-EM in understanding biological functions and has implications for drug discovery.
Researchers discovered that Fork-tailed Flycatchers produce unique sounds by fluttering their feathers, which differ between subspecies with varying migration patterns. The distinct 'dialects' may contribute to the species splitting into separate entities.
Research by UBC Okanagan shows that salvage logging after wildfires damages vital habitat for wildlife species, leading to declines in forest predators. The study highlights the need to preserve regenerating habitat and promote a healthy mosaic of post-fire forest ecosystems.
Researchers identified potential causal mutations that differ between ancestral groups in ADHD patients, highlighting the importance of considering ethnic background in treatment approaches. Whole genome sequencing technology revealed novel structural variants that may impact how patients respond to medications.
The Michigan Tech's Open Sustainability Technology (MOST) Lab has developed three new open-source tools in response to COVID-19: a high-temperature 3D printer, a firefighter PAPR mask, and an emergency-use ventilator. These devices can be built using locally sourced materials, reducing costs and increasing accessibility.
Greg Caporaso, director of the Center for Applied Microbiome Science, has been awarded a $3.75 million grant by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to build software capable of analyzing and archiving data focused on the interplay between the human microbiome and diverse types of cancer.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that non-Western immigrants experienced a higher risk of death with each generation born in the country. First-generation immigrants had a survival advantage compared to native Swedes, but this reduced over time and vanished in second-generation immigrants.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect anyons in fractional quantum Hall systems by binding impurity particles to them. This approach doesn't require particle exchange or interferometry and can be applied to various quantum simulators.
A study from the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that people who played video games regularly as children performed better in working memory tasks even after stopping. However, those without gaming experience showed slower performance and did not benefit from improvements in processing irrelevant stimuli.
A nationwide study of 5.8 million VA patients found that Black and Hispanic individuals were more likely to test positive for COVID-19, even after accounting for underlying health conditions and geographic location. The disparity in positive-test rates between White and minority groups was consistent across regions and over time.
Scientists at UT Austin identified a protein that promotes DNA damage in BRCA 1/2-mutated cancer cells, making them resistant to PARP inhibitors. The finding may help create more effective treatment plans for patients with these cancers.
Researchers found that reading in company favors a more creative and integrated understanding of language, whereas solo reading is more detailed and systematic. This study highlights the importance of social interaction in language comprehension and suggests that it can be beneficial for both education and professional settings.
A team of researchers, led by Gautam Das at the University of Texas at Arlington, is working on a human-in-the-loop framework to optimize the data science pipeline. This approach involves humans adding context to datasets, which can help computers determine what information is relevant, making the process faster and less labor-intensive.
A new study explores women's hesitancy to use long-acting injectable (LAI) PrEP and their interest in its benefits. Women reported preferring LAI PrEP due to perceived effectiveness, convenience, and confidentiality.
Researchers have discovered a shared protein fingerprint in patients with the most severe manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a common inherited heart disease. This finding suggests that treatments targeting these similarities could be effective in treating multiple patient varieties.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that individuals with multiple chronic conditions can still benefit from a healthy lifestyle, leading to up to 7.6 years longer life expectancy. The research analyzed data from the UK Biobank and found that abstinence from smoking had the largest survival benefit.
A meta-analysis of studies shows that 40% of healthcare workers with COVID-19 are asymptomatic, increasing the risk of silent transmission. Healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 are at risk of severe complications and death, highlighting the need for universal screening.
A recent study found that COVID-19 patients with kidney damage are at a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The study analyzed data from 1,392 patients and found that kidney damage was associated with a 5-times higher odds of dying while in the hospital.
A team of scientists has developed a novel type of quantum emitter formed from spatially separated InGaN monolayer islands. The isolated islands exhibit high photostability and can be spectrally filtered to act as bright, fast single photon emitters at a wavelength of ~400 nm.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital developed a COVID-19 mortality prediction model based on patient's age, minimum oxygen saturation, and type of encounter. The model showed high accuracy (AUC=0·91) in predicting mortality among patients with COVID-19, offering potential for improved prognostication and management.
Researchers developed a T-cell-based vaccine strategy providing long-lasting, multi-pronged protection against multiple strains of influenza. The experimental vaccine administered through the nose delivered immune response by rallying T-cells in the lungs, offering potential for universal flu vaccine development.
A recent report found that people with type 1 diabetes had almost a 3-fold risk of death from COVID-19, while those with type 2 diabetes had an almost 2 times higher risk. High blood glucose levels are associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
A new study suggests that positive messages about being Black can decrease symptoms of depression in Black girls, while negative messages increase the risk. The research highlights the importance of avoiding negative stereotypes about Black women and incorporating gender-specific messages into mental health programs.