Real neurons are noisy. Can neural implants figure that out?
New research suggests neural implants need to filter out correlated noise in retinal cells to achieve accurate signals, improving performance by 20-100% depending on light conditions
Science News for September 15, 2020
COVID-19 virus uses heparan sulfate to get inside cells
Researchers at University of California San Diego discovered SARS-CoV-2 uses heparan sulfate to bind to cells. The team found two approaches to reduce virus infection by 80-90%: removing heparan sulfate with enzymes or using heparin as bait, repurposing a widely used medication.
Scientists predict that COVID-19 will become a seasonal virus - but not yet
Researchers predict COVID-19 will follow seasonal patterns in temperate regions when herd immunity is attained. The virus will continue to circulate year-round until then.
Study shows difficulty in finding evidence of life on Mars
Researchers at Cornell University found that acidic fluids may have destroyed biological evidence hidden within Mars' iron-rich clays, making it difficult to search for life on the red planet. The study's lead author suggests that searching for organic compounds on Mars is a challenging task due to the degradation of biological material.
A scientific advance in studying early-stage lung cancer
Researchers have developed an accelerated platform to identify and test potential treatments for early-stage lung cancer using 'organoids' created from lung cells. The studies revealed reduced expression of genes that are markers of mature lung alveolar cells, and increased expression of genes involved in early lung development.
Study reveals impact of centuries of human activity in American tropics
Researchers found that human activity such as habitat change and overhunting are responsible for the overwhelming loss of mammal diversity across Latin America. More than half of species in medium and large mammals have died out since European colonization.
Camera monitoring significantly improves safety of HGV driving
A recent study found that installing cameras in HGV cabs significantly reduces risky driving behaviors, with coaching further improving results. The analysis of 669 vehicles over two years revealed a 31% reduction in harsh cornering and a 34% decrease in speeding incidents.
Evergreen needles act as air quality monitors
Researchers at the University of Utah found that measuring magnetic particles on evergreen needles can provide a high-resolution, year-round picture of air quality. The study correlated needle magnetism to general air quality, suggesting a new method for mapping particulate matter distributions at a high resolution and low cost.
Identifying, preventing and managing heart rhythm side effects of medicines
Common medications can cause arrhythmias, which can lead to symptoms like tachycardia or bradycardia. Healthcare professionals should monitor patients for risk factors and adjust medication dosages accordingly.
Biomarker reveals how aggressive biliary tract cancer is in patients
A new biomarker has been identified that reliably predicts the aggressiveness of biliary tract cancer in patients, which could help doctors make informed decisions about chemotherapy. The biomarker, IL-6, has been shown to provide prognostic information not captured by other inflammatory markers already in use.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalClinical Cancer Research·DateSep 15, 2020
Decoding the genetics that drive disease
Researchers found that the typically 'bad' APOE ε4 variant can also protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes, while the 'good' ε2 variant increases risk of certain conditions. The study's findings provide valuable insights into how the APOE gene impacts health and disease.
Study connects hormones we're born with to lifetime risk for immunological diseases
A new study by Michigan State University researchers connects specific hormones present before and after birth with immune response and lifelong immunological disease development. Females are at increased risk for common diseases like asthma, allergies, and irritable bowel syndrome due to their perinatal hormone levels.
SourceMichigan State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 15, 2020
Tiny protein motor fuels bacterial movement
Bacteria use a tiny rotary motor powered by a stator unit to swim and change direction. The stator unit is also a rotary motor that powers the large flagellar motor, contradicting existing theories. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for bacterial-based diseases.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalCell·DateSep 15, 2020
An effective way to increase capacity for mental health
Primary-care physicians and rural clinic staff improve their ability to diagnose and treat common mental health disorders using a collaborative care model with telepsychiatry. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, found that this approach enhances primary-care doctors' skills in treating behavioral health disorders.
SourceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine·JournalThe Annals of Family Medicine·DateSep 15, 2020
Theoretically, two layers are better than one for solar-cell efficiency
A team of researchers suggests using two thin films of different materials to create affordable and efficient solar cells. The proposed configuration achieves a 34% efficiency rate, surpassing the efficiency of individual components.
Ocean algae get 'coup de grace' from viruses
Scientists found that ocean viruses infect algae without killing them immediately, instead allowing cells to multiply and bloom before dying. This discovery changes how scientists view viral infections of algae and their impact on ecosystem processes like algal bloom formation and carbon cycling.
KU leading project to boost social, academic supports for students learning at home or school
Project ENHANCE aims to improve emotional behavioral supports across the country, adaptable for virtual education. Researchers are providing tools and resources to support students' academic, behavioral, and social-emotional well-being needs.
Going small for big solutions: sub-nanoparticle catalysts made from coinage elements as effective c
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology create alloyed metal nanoparticles using the atom hybridization method, achieving superior catalytic activity and stability. The sub-nanoparticles (SNPs) exhibit high reactivity even under mild conditions, producing unique compounds and hydroperoxides.
You want be a leader? You've got to be fast!
A robotic fish helped researchers understand how individual speed affects collective behavior in animal groups. The study found that faster individuals have a stronger influence on group-level behavior.
New research provides global analysis of storm surge footprints
A new study provides a global analysis of storm surge footprints, showing they are more dependent on storm track direction than intensity. This information can improve coastal risk analysis, emergency plans, and adaptation measures, highlighting the importance of inter-state and international collaboration for disaster preparedness.
Immunotherapy: Enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of photothermal cancer treatments
Researchers develop a combination therapy using near-infrared light-induced heat and anti-CD47 antibody to enhance cancer treatment. The treatment promotes local and systemic anticancer immune responses, showing great potential for solid tumors.
SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·DateSep 15, 2020
Parkinson's patient skin samples provide clues to disease mechanism and clinical test
Researchers analyzed Parkinson's patient skin cells to discover reduced protein synthesis due to active LRRK2 enzyme. Adding LRRK2 inhibitor drugs restored normal protein production levels. The study suggests a critical role for LRRK2 in controlling protein synthesis and may lead to biomarker development and improved treatment options.
NAU's Keim leads ACGU to publish findings of study tracking strains of SARS-CoV-2 in state
The study tracked strains of SARS-CoV-2 in Arizona, showing that the state remained COVID-free for weeks after the first reported case. The swift action by ASU and Maricopa County public health officials likely prevented an outbreak, allowing the state valuable time for preparedness efforts.
CNIC researchers discover a cell-cleaning system that keeps hearts healthy
A study published in Cell reveals a previously unknown mechanism for the heart's waste removal, highlighting the critical role of macrophages in maintaining cardiac health. The discovery suggests that cardiac dysfunction may arise from defects in immune cells rather than cardiomyocytes.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalCell·DateSep 15, 2020
Cannabis farms are a modern slavery 'blind spot' for UK police, study suggests
A new study suggests UK police are neglecting to recognize modern slavery in cannabis farm cases, where migrants are forced into illegal work. Researchers argue that arresting officers often lack detailed training on modern slavery and make only cursory enquiries.
Elements of surprise: neutron stars contribute little, but something's making gold, research finds
A new analysis of galaxy evolution finds that neutron star collisions do not create the quantity of chemical elements previously assumed. Instead, an entirely different sort of stellar phenomenon - unusual supernovae with strong magnetic fields - is responsible for making most of the heavy elements, including gold.
Poor health contributing to digital divide among older Singaporeans
A study of almost 4,000 older Singaporeans found that poor health is a significant barrier to internet use, affecting 57% of respondents. The research highlights the need for assistive technology and design to support older adults with health-related difficulties in using the internet.
Cigarette smoking associated with worse outcomes for bladder cancer patients after surgery
Smokers have worse chemotherapy response and higher mortality rates from bladder cancer, with a higher risk of cancer recurrence. Former smokers also fare poorly in these categories.
SourceUniversity of Southern California - Health Sciences·JournalThe Journal of Urology·DateSep 15, 2020
Factors associated with high performance improvement in VA primary care settings
High-performing VA primary care clinics have fully-staffed teams, clearly defined roles, and leadership responsible for implementing team-based care. These processes enhance patient engagement in care, leading to better adherence to treatment, intermediate health outcomes and mental health reports.
Rural counties with access to obstetrics have healthier infant birth outcomes
A 12-year study in Alabama found that rural counties with in-county obstetrical care had significantly better infant birth outcomes, including lower infant mortality rates and fewer underweight deliveries. The lack of access to obstetrical care was also associated with higher percentages of underrepresented minority residents.
CU researchers now better understand ovarian cancer tumors and treatment outcomes
Researchers from CU published a paper on ovarian cancer tumor composition changes during chemotherapy, revealing potential biomarkers for therapeutic response. The team aims to improve prediction of patient response to chemotherapy using multi-spectral immunohistochemistry and transcriptomics.
SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalClinical Cancer Research·DateSep 15, 2020
Arizona COVID-19 Genomics Union tracks strains of SARS-CoV-2
The Arizona COVID-19 Genomics Union tracked SARS-CoV-2 strains in the state, finding that no widespread community transmission occurred until mid-February. The union's efforts helped prevent an outbreak and provided valuable time for preparedness efforts.
To repair a damaged heart, three cells are better than one
A new bioengineering technique called CardioCluster has shown promise in improving heart function after a heart attack by reducing scar tissue. The clusters of mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and cardiac interstitial cells persist in the heart walls for up to five months.
100-million-year-old amber reveals sexual intercourse of ostracods
Fossilized ostracods found in 100-million-year-old amber reveal evidence of sexual intercourse, including male clasper, sperm pumps, hemipenes, eggs, and female seminal receptacles. This discovery provides insights into ancient ostracod autoecology and reproductive behavior.
Pew funds six teams to pursue cutting-edge biomedical research
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded funding to six interdisciplinary research teams to tackle some of biomedicine's toughest challenges. The teams will explore neurological mechanisms behind psychopathy, map protein complexes in Plasmodium falciparum, and investigate steroid hormones' role in Alzheimer's disease.
PTSD may double risk of dementia
A new meta-analysis of global evidence found that people with PTSD are up to twice as likely to develop dementia later in life. The study analyzed data from over 1.6 million people and found a significant association between PTSD and increased dementia risk, which may be related to hypervigilance and social withdrawal.
Chimpanzees show greater behavioural and cultural diversity in more variable environments
Chimpanzees exhibit diverse behaviours across various contexts, including tool use, foraging on insects and honey, and thermoregulatory habits. Environmental variability is positively associated with behavioural and cultural diversity, suggesting that species adapt to uncertainty through mechanisms like innovation and cognitive capacity.
SourceMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology·JournalNature Communications·DateSep 15, 2020
Biologic therapy for psoriasis may reduce heart disease
A recent study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging Journal found that biologic therapy for psoriasis can significantly reduce high-risk plaque in heart arteries over a one-year period. The treatment was associated with an 8% reduction in coronary plaque, similar to the benefits of statin therapy.
Many women suffering from severe migraine might avoid pregnancy, but should they?
A study of 607 women with severe migraines found 20% avoid pregnancy due to perceived risks, despite evidence that migraine improves in up to 75% during pregnancy. Women with menstrual-related attacks are more likely to delay family planning.
NASA sees Tropical Depression Rene dissipating
NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of Tropical Depression Rene as it was dissipating in the central North Atlantic Ocean. The storm opened into a trough of low pressure and dissipated over several hours.
Fish, seaweed inspire slippery surfaces for ships
A team of researchers from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Pohang University of Science and Technology developed a lubricant-infused slip surface to reduce friction in ships. They found that larger open areas lead to a more slippery surface, while lid thickness has little effect on slip.
Tracking hammerhead sharks reveals conservation targets to protect a nearly endangered species
Researchers tracked juvenile smooth hammerhead sharks for up to 15 months, revealing seasonal migration patterns and key habitats. The study provides critical information for targeting conservation efforts and protecting this near-endangered species.
Study suggests financial holdings influenced key votes for house lawmakers
A recent study found strong associations between financial holdings of legislators and their votes on key financial legislation, suggesting that many lawmakers voted in ways that benefited their personal finances. Researchers analyzed data from five key pieces of economic legislation between 1999 and 2008, finding that legislators larg...
Johns Hopkins expert leads effort to spur accurate research on climate, COVID-19
Ben Zaitchik's research aims to develop best practices for assessing the potential impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission. The World Meteorological Organization task force seeks to improve data collection and peer-reviewed confirmation to inform policy decisions.
Artificial intelligence system developed to help better select embryos for implantation
An artificial intelligence system developed by Brigham and Women's Hospital can differentiate and identify embryos with the highest potential for success better than trained embryologists. The system achieved an accuracy of 90% in choosing high-quality embryos, outperforming experts in this field.
Phosphine on Venus
An international team of astronomers detected phosphine in Venus' atmosphere, which could be evidence of biological origin, but unknown photochemistry or geochemistry are also possible explanations.
Telehealth supports collaborative mental health care in the needs of rural patients
A qualitative study found that telepsychiatric collaboration improved the ability of primary care physicians to serve patients with mental health needs. Rural clinics adopted telehealth methods, enabling all staff members to better diagnose and assess mental health issues.
With digital phenotyping, smartphones may play a role in assessing severe mental illness
Digital phenotyping approaches combine smartphone data analysis and machine learning to monitor patients with psychosis spectrum illnesses. Researchers identified promising tools for care improvement, calling for larger studies and expanded efforts in early diagnosis and treatment.
Personal protective respirator masks (PPE) often do not fit correctly, especially for women and Asian healthcare workers
A review of personal protective respirator mask use reveals that initial fit-pass rates are lower among females and Asians compared to males and Caucasians. Correct respirator fit appears more important than filtration capacity for airborne protection. Fit-testing is recommended, with annual testing suggested due to its cost-effectiven...
Energy harvesting goes organic, gets more flexible
Scientists have developed peptide-based nanotubes that can be used to create efficient energy harvesting systems. By controlling the alignment of the tubes and incorporating graphene oxide, they improved conductivity and increased current output.
Reforestation can only partially restore tropical soils
A study by University of Göttingen researchers reveals that reforestation can only partially restore degraded tropical soil properties. The team analyzed data from 130 studies and found that soil degradation persists even decades after deforestation, with deeper soil layers losing significant amounts of carbon.
Water vapor imagery reveals hurricane Paulette's strongest side, dry air
NASA's Aqua satellite found structural changes and the strongest side of Hurricane Paulette as it moved away from Bermuda. The storm is expected to undergo extratropical transition, weakening rapidly on Wednesday.
Single photons from a silicon chip
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have designed a silicon-based light source to generate single photons, a crucial component for quantum cryptography and communication. The prototype can produce 100,000 single photons per second and is stable even after several days of continuous operation.
Aiming for accuracy
Researchers say AI and machine learning can help improve the peer review process by detecting discrepancies in research papers. With many COVID-19 studies published without thorough review, AI-powered tools may be able to analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns that human reviewers might miss.
Future autonomous machines may build trust through emotion
Researchers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory found that emotion expressions can shape cooperation in autonomous systems. They suggest guidelines for designing machines that promote cooperation with soldiers by using a combination of action and emotion displays.
Signalling research waves red flag for commercial drug target candidate
Researchers at Babraham Institute used cellular signalling knowledge to discover ERK5 protein's binding location affects inhibitors, potentially leading to unwanted cell growth. This finding prevents wasted resource in commercial pharmaceutical companies' drug discovery efforts.
COVID-19 news from Annals of Internal Medicine
Researchers found that active surveillance and surge testing can prevent COVID-19 spread in homeless shelters. Guidelines developers face challenges due to poorly designed studies, but solutions are proposed through the COVID-NMA Project, which aims to improve evidence synthesis and guideline development.
Ultrahigh energy density transition-metal-free cathodes designed by band structure engineering
Researchers achieve breakthrough in designing carbonaceous materials as cathodes with ultrahigh energy density (>1000 Wh kg?1) through p-type doping strategy. The work presents a new paradigm for evaluating electrochemical performance from multiple perspectives.
New study finds two amino acids are the Marie Kondo of molecular liquid phase separation
Researchers at CUNY's ASRC discovered that amino acids arginine and lysine regulate liquid-liquid phase separation, creating multi-phase droplets with unique properties. The study provides insights into cellular dysfunction and disease mechanisms, paving the way for potential therapies.
The Wnt pathway gets even more complicated
Researchers found that Casein Kinase-1 regulates the Wnt signaling pathway at the plasma membrane, triggering the activation of RNF43. This new understanding could lead to a novel approach for reining the Wnt pathway in cancer cells, potentially reviving the tumor suppressor function of RNF43.
SourceIMBA- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Communications·DateSep 15, 2020
September/October 2020 Annals of Family Medicine tip sheet
A study found that rural counties with obstetrical care have better infant birth outcomes, including lower mortality rates and fewer underweight babies. Telehealth can also support collaborative mental health care in rural clinics, enabling primary care physicians to work proficiently with patients.
Michael Mann receives World Sustainability Award
Michael E. Mann, a leading climate researcher, has received the 2020 World Sustainability Award for his groundbreaking work on climate change and sustainability. He is recognized for his contributions to understanding human impact on climate change and advancing climate modeling and statistical methods.
A new approach to understanding the biology of wound healing
Researchers developed a non-invasive method to sample cells from wounds using discarded bandages, revealing higher levels of neutrophils in chronic wounds. This technique could help develop targeted therapies to promote healing and predict wound outcomes.
COVID-19 works with bacteria to increase disease severity in obesity and diabetes
The article reviews mechanisms linking obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 severity, suggesting that bacterial conditions work with the virus to increase disease severity. A combined deficiency in ACE2 caused by COVID-19 leads to impaired gut barrier function, allowing bacteria and toxins to leak into the circulation.
Hopelessness in heart patients study to factor in COVID-19
A University of Illinois Chicago study explores the effects of COVID-19 shelter-in-place and physical distancing measures on heart disease patients' hopelessness and physical activity. Researchers will evaluate the 'Heart Up!' intervention's impact on health outcomes.
Ultra-fast magnetic switching with potential to transform fibre optical communications
A new material has been found to enable ultra-fast toggle switching, which could increase the capacity of fibre optic cable networks by an order of magnitude. This breakthrough overcomes three major obstacles to further progress with the internet: speed, energy consumption, and network capacity.
UTHealth joins trial to test antibodies and other experimental outpatient COVID treatments
Researchers at UTHealth are enrolling patients in a nationwide trial testing laboratory-made antibodies and experimental treatments to prevent severe COVID-19 illness. The Phase II trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments in non-hospitalized adults with mild COVID-19.
NASA satellite imagery shows Teddy consolidating
Teddy is consolidating in the Central North Atlantic Ocean with improved circulation and increasing maximum sustained winds. The storm's structure is slowly improving, with stronger thunderstorms around its core.
Mayo scientists develop mathematical index to distinguish healthy microbiome from diseased
Researchers created an index that distinguishes between healthy and diseased gut microbiomes based on a biologically-interpretable mathematical formula. The Gut Microbiome Health Index predicts the likelihood of having a disease independent of clinical diagnosis, with high accuracy rates.
New on/off functionality for fast, sensitive, ultra-small technologies
A research team at Osaka University developed an ultra-small actuator with unparalleled sensitivity, fast on/off response, and nanometer-scale precision. The actuator uses a phase transition in vanadium oxide crystals to achieve high accuracy and speed, revolutionizing micro-robotics and advanced technologies.
NASA-NOAA satellite's "night vision" find wind shear battering Tropical Storm Vicky
Tropical Storm Vicky is weakening due to strong southwesterly wind shear pushing its clouds to the northeastern quadrant. The storm's shape and organization are being distorted, and it is forecast to degenerate into a remnant low by Wednesday.
Stem cells engineered to evade immune system hold promise for 'off-the-shelf' grafts
Researchers have developed a method to genetically edit out proteins on human pluripotent stem cells that trigger immune rejection. This approach could generate universally compatible 'off-the-shelf' cell grafts without the need for immune suppression, offering a promising solution for regenerative medicine.
Exercise protocol mitigates one of the most incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Researchers developed a complex physical exercise protocol to stimulate different motor and cognitive skills simultaneously, restoring brain regions associated with freezing of gait in advanced-stage Parkinson's disease patients. The protocol reduced symptoms by 60% and improved brain plasticity, providing new hope for treatment.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalMovement Disorders·DateSep 15, 2020
Peritonsillar abscess risk following respiratory infection is low with/without antibiotics
A population-based cohort study found peritonsillar abscess risk low with or without antibiotics for respiratory infections. Antibiotic treatment may prevent only one case of peritonsillar abscess for every 1,000 prescriptions.
Human white blood cells use molecular paddles to swim
Researchers have discovered that human white blood cells use a new mechanism called molecular paddling to swim and migrate through fluids without changing shape. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of cell migration, which could impact our understanding of immune responses and cancer research.
Researchers to study extreme weather in the Northeast
UMass Lowell researchers are studying the relationship between heat waves and droughts in the Northeast, using moisture-tracking techniques and computer-aided modeling. The team hopes to better understand how well they can predict these extreme weather events and their potential impact on climate change.
Schöninger spears - mankind's earliest wooden weapons
The University of Göttingen and the Lower Saxony State Service for Cultural Heritage are conducting a research project to analyze the oldest wooden objects from the Schöningen site. The spears, dated at 300,000 years old, provide valuable insights into the technical and intellectual abilities of early European hominins.
Researchers identify key role of immune cells in brain infection
A new study details the damaging role of the immune system in a severe brain condition caused by herpes simplex virus. Researchers have identified specific immune cells and a signalling protein that induce brain inflammation, paving the way for targeted treatments.
Loneliness predicts development of type 2 diabetes
A study published in Diabetologia found that loneliness predicts the development of type 2 diabetes, even after accounting for other factors. The researchers analyzed data from over 4,100 adults and discovered that individuals experiencing chronic loneliness were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes over a period of 12 years.
OBS deep seismic survey uncovered crustal structure mystery of NW sub-basin of the SCS
A recent study used OBS data to clarify the formation mechanism of the Double-peak seamount in the Northwest Sub-basin (NWSB) of the South China Sea (SCS). The survey revealed a high velocity layer at the bottom of the crust, indicating possible in-situ mantle serpentinization or lower crust magma underplating. The study enriches the d...
Protecting genomic privacy
A Case Western Reserve University researcher is working to enhance genomic privacy protections using a $1.2 million NIH grant. He plans to identify weaknesses in the genomic data sharing network and develop more complex algorithms to protect against potential threats.
Vaping, marijuana use in 2019 rose in college-age adults
The percentage of college students who said they vaped marijuana in the past 30 days increased from 5.2% in 2017 to 14% in 2019, while those who used nicotine rose from 6.1% in 2017 to 22% in 2019. Daily or near-daily use of marijuana also increased among non-college attendees.
University of South Carolina study reveals how cannabinoids may be useful to prevent colon cancer
A recent study published in iScience found that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) suppressed inflammation in the colon, preventing the onset of cancers caused by a carcinogen. THC treatment also prevented the development of colon cancers in mice.
Researchers use soy to improve bone cancer treatment
WSU researchers have developed a new approach using soy-based compounds to reduce bone cancer cell viability and promote healthy bone cell growth. The slow release of these compounds from 3D-printed scaffolds showed promise in reducing inflammation and improving overall recovery.
Earth Science Online: GSA 2020 technical program is live
The Geological Society of America's annual meeting, GSA Connects Online 2020, features 3,000 papers from 38 geoscience disciplines. The event showcases cutting-edge research in climate science, hydrology, paleontology, and more.
UIC researcher to test voice-activated AI to manage mental health symptoms
A novel approach is being tested to deliver care to those with moderate depression and anxiety using artificial intelligence. Researchers at UIC are developing a voice-enabled, AI virtual agent named Lumen to deliver Problem Solving Therapy (PST) to patients with moderate, untreated depressive and/or anxiety symptoms.
Online tool informs recovery prospects for sepsis survivors
A new online tool assesses risk factors for sepsis survivors to inform follow-up care pathways. The tool uses data from 120,000 patients and identifies eight key factors contributing to rehospitalization or death after discharge.
Late childhood peer group status linked to heightened adult circulatory disease risk
Research published in BMJ Open found that 13-year-olds with lower peer group status were at a significantly higher risk of developing circulatory system disease in adulthood. Those who were marginalised had a 33-34% increased risk, while girls who were less popular had a graded association with higher risk.
Satellite images display changes in the condition of European forests
A high-resolution map of European forest canopy openings has been created, showing a 17% loss of canopy in 30 years. The size of openings varies widely by region, with Spain's largest opening being 17,000 hectares due to a single fire.
Teacher stress linked with higher risk of student suspensions, MU researcher finds
A recent study by Missouri University researchers found that teacher burnout is associated with an increased risk of student suspensions. When teachers are highly stressed and emotionally exhausted, students in their classrooms are more likely to be suspended or disciplined by school administrators.
Mount Sinai study shows widespread epigenetic defects in the human genome
Researchers identified thousands of rare epigenetic variations in the human genome, linked to abnormal gene expression and Mendelian diseases. The study highlights the significance of epivariations in contributing to a fraction of genetic diseases, including hereditary cancers.
SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal of Human Genetics·DateSep 15, 2020
Molecular basis underlying colorectal cancer revealed
A team of scientists has unraveled the molecular basis underlying colorectal cancer by discovering how mutations in RNF43 activate the Wnt signaling pathway. This finding provides potential treatment options for certain types of colorectal cancer.
Primary care clinicians drove increasing use of Medicare's chronic care management codes
This study analyzed CCM claims from 2015 to 2018, showing a significant increase in usage driven by primary care physicians. The majority of claims were billed under the original general CCM code, with newer codes accounting for a small portion.
Study finds concussions are a risk for young athletes in all sports - not just football
A recent study by Henry Ford Health found that high school athletes in various sports, including soccer, hockey, and cheerleading, are at risk of concussions. The study revealed that younger brains take longer to heal from concussions, with memory scores increasing with repeated injuries.
People react better to both negative and positive events with more sleep
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that people who get less sleep than usual react more emotionally to stressful events, while those who get longer sleep have better responses to positive experiences. This has important health implications, as chronic stress can lead to inflammation and premature death.
NASA Aqua satellite casts three eyes on sally and finds heavy rain potential
Hurricane Sally is expected to produce 10-20 inches of rainfall with isolated amounts of 30 inches along the central Gulf Coast. The storm's slow movement increases the risk of historic flooding and extreme life-threatening flash flooding, particularly in Florida and the southeastern United States.
The Josep Carreras Institute identifies a marker of poor evolution in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Researchers at Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute discovered a marker predicting aggressive clinical course in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The marker allows identifying patients with poor evolution, enabling early intervention and improved treatment outcomes.
From star to solar system: How protoplanetary rings form in primordial gas clouds
A young star, HL Tauri, is producing planets from its concentric rings made of gas and dust. Research by Mayer Humi provides a study target for protoplanetary ring theories around stars, shedding light on the creation of solar systems.
Lessons from coronavirus surveillance testing in Seattle-area homeless shelters
A study of Seattle-area homeless shelters found a need to provide routine viral testing outside clinical settings to identify new cases and prevent spread. The results suggest that crowded conditions, communal sleeping, and shared hygiene facilities can foster transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
SourceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·DateSep 15, 2020
Fish oil without the fishy smell or taste
A new refining process developed by University of Cincinnati researchers enriches the omega-3 fatty acid content of apple juice without changing its taste. This technique uses a vortex fluidic device to minimize oxidation and improve shelf life, resulting in higher-quality fish oil supplements.
Progress toward antiviral treatments for COVID-19
Researchers identify a key viral protein with potential drug targets, revealing unique protonation mechanisms that could lead to broad-spectrum antiviral treatments. Small shifts in pH may alter the enzyme's shape, allowing for more effective treatment options against COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases.
Newly discovered mechanism regulates myocardial distensibility
A team of researchers at the University of Münster has discovered a new mechanism that regulates myocardial distensibility, which is the elasticity of the heart muscle. This mechanism, called UnDOx, is triggered by oxidative stress and changes the stiffness of the cardiac walls.
UIC to study how adolescent binge drinking impacts adult behavior
The University of Illinois Chicago is leading a consortium to investigate how adolescent binge drinking affects genes, brain circuitry, and behaviors through epigenetics. The five-year project aims to identify neurobiological changes resulting from early binge drinking and its impact on adult psychopathology such as anxiety and addiction.
Popular messenger services are extremely insecure
Researchers discovered that popular messengers like WhatsApp, Signal, and Telegram allow for large-scale abuse of contact discovery services, exposing sensitive user data. Attackers can build accurate behavior models by querying random phone numbers, enabling them to track users across social networks and public data sources.
Scientists uncover a novel approach to treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Researchers have found a way to restore muscle regeneration and prevent scarring in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by correcting the content of extracellular vesicles. This novel approach uses pharmacologically corrected vesicles to deliver HDAC inhibitors directly to muscles, overcoming systemic adverse effects.
City, University of London and Howden secure grant from the Royal Academy of Engineering
The Smart Efficient Compression, Reliability and Energy Targets (SECRET) project aims to reduce leakages in rotating machinery by 20% and improve efficiency of oil-free screw compressors by 2%. The partnership will also contribute to advances in Industry 4.0 and the European Union's Global Net Zero CO2 emissions directive.
Robots to help children touch the outside world
A UC team is creating telepresence robots equipped with robotic arms to enable children with disabilities to interact with their classmates, teachers, and communities. The project aims to reduce social isolation and promote learning and development in high-risk children.
Risk gene for Alzheimer's has early effects on the brain
A study of 82 young adults with varying ApoE gene variants found no differences in memory performance, but distinct brain activity patterns, suggesting potential early disease processes. The researchers used functional MRI to examine the impact on the hippocampus, an area crucial for memory.
Canadian researchers identify four barriers to use of 'gold-standard' abortion pill
A Canadian study investigated factors influencing medical abortion services among health professionals. Four barriers were identified: initial federal restrictions, bureaucratic processes, dissemination of policy information, and adoption by physicians as a process rather than an event.
Nature: Humanity at a crossroads, UN warns in new Global Biodiversity Outlook report
The Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 report highlights six of the world's 20 biodiversity targets as partially achieved by 2020 deadline. The UN warns that eight transformative changes are urgently needed to ensure human wellbeing and save the planet, citing encouraging progress in some areas but degrading ecosystems and accelerating loss.
A NASA-NOAA nighttime view finds a slightly better organized tropical storm Karina
Tropical Storm Karina became slightly better organized with deep convection near its center. The storm is forecast to move over cooler waters and into a drier atmosphere, leading to weakening trends and eventual dissipation. Maximum sustained winds were near 60 mph, with gusts expected to be higher.
Improved physician-patient relationships are associated with improved health
Research at Case Western Reserve University reveals a strong association between high-quality physician-patient relationships and improved patient-reported health status. Adults with multiple diagnosed conditions often experience lower quality relationships, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities.
Storing information and designing uncrackable codes with DNA
Researchers at Arizona State University are exploring DNA-based storage technologies that can store and retrieve information securely. The project aims to create microscopic forms with encryption capabilities rivaling silicon-based semiconductor memories.
Rising temperatures could shift US West Nile virus transmission
A new study published in eLife suggests that rising temperatures may shift the optimal temperature range for West Nile virus transmission in the US. The research found that moderate temperatures are most conducive to viral spread, and extreme temperatures limit transmission in certain areas.
Reward and punishment take similar paths in the mouse brain
Researchers found neurons in the striosome contribute to both positive reinforcement learning and negative-reinforcement learning, highlighting the complex motivation-processing hub in this brain region. Understanding its function is critical for developing better treatments for mental illnesses such as depression and addiction.
TV ads for psoriasis and eczema medications portray few people of color
Research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that TV ads for psoriasis and eczema medications lack diversity, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. This underrepresentation may contribute to treatment disparities, as non-white patients are less likely to receive effective treatments.
Study offers real world perspective on how Black patients experience mental healthcare
A novel study explores how Black patients with mental health concerns evaluate verbal and non-verbal communication during treatment, revealing significant fear of being negatively judged based on stereotypes. The research provides suggestions for creating environments that foster person-centered care and reducing provider burnout.
Study: Synthetic medication and desiccated thyroid equally effective to treat hypothyroidism
A study by Kaiser Permanente found no difference in TSH stability between patients taking desiccated thyroid products and those on synthetic levothyroxine, a surprising outcome given concerns about variability among batches of desiccated thyroid. This result has implications for patient-centered approach to managing hypothyroidism.
Patient access to after-hours primary care could prevent some less urgent ER visits
Patients who receive in-home nursing care have lower emergency room utilization if they have access to after-hours primary care. Access to after-hours primary care can prevent some less-urgent ER visits by addressing health issues identified during home nursing visits.
Modern theory from ancient impacts
New study from University of Tokyo researchers calls into doubt a long-held theory about the early solar system. They found evidence that asteroid Vesta was hit by multiple impacting bodies around 4.4 billion to 4.15 billion years ago, earlier than previously thought.
Dust may have controlled ancient human civilization
A new study reveals that dust played a critical role in forming thick soils in the Levant region, enabling early human civilization to take root. The discovery challenges existing hypotheses on soil formation, suggesting that dust input was more important than erosion rates.
Did our early ancestors boil their food in hot springs?
Researchers at MIT and the University of Alcalá in Spain discovered evidence of hot springs near early human archaeological sites in Olduvai Gorge. The proximity of these hydrothermal features raises the possibility that early humans could have used hot springs as a cooking resource, boiling fresh kills before controlling fire.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 15, 2020
Metabolic surgery offers health benefits for patients with high blood pressure
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that metabolic surgery reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and death for individuals with hypertension and a BMI over 35kg/m2. The surgery was shown to be effective in treating hypertension, suggesting it as an option for patients with obesity and high blood pressure.
Expenditures for primary care may affect how primary care is delivered
Out-of-pocket and total visit expenditures for primary care physicians have shifted towards private insurance and Medicare, impacting access. The study suggests that continued trends may lead to increased difficulty in accessing primary care services, particularly for Medicaid patients.
The public charge rule: What physicians can do to support immigrant health
The US Supreme Court's decision allowed proposed changes to take effect, leading to reluctance among immigrants and their families to apply for benefits. Family physicians can provide outreach education, access to primary care, and referrals to legal services to address concerns and support immigrant health.
Estimation of carbonate stratal completeness via stratigraphic forward modeling
The study investigates carbonate deposition with different depositional environments, using a three-dimensional basin-fill model and sensitivities analysis. It demonstrates that stratal completeness is controlled by sea level changes, depositional environments, carbonate growth rates, and tectonic subsidence patterns.
New dopamine sensors could help unlock the mysteries of brain chemistry
Researchers have developed two new spectral variants of dLight1 sensor, allowing for the simultaneous assessment of dopamine and other neurochemical release. These sensors provide high resolution, real-time imaging of the spatial and temporal release of dopamine in live animals.
Scientists awarded $52 million NIH grant to study schizophrenia cause and effect
The research will develop biomarkers and clinical assessments to improve treatment outcomes for adolescents and young adults at risk of schizophrenia. The five-year study will recruit 1,040 patients with Clinical High Risk (CHR) and healthy controls, using data-driven methods to predict individual clinical trajectories.
There's no place like home: Cleaning toxic tobacco smoke residue in our homes
A study by San Diego State University researchers found that cleaning thirdhand smoke residue in homes can reduce nicotine contamination, but the effects are temporary. Frequent vacuuming, dusting, and surface cleaning can help minimize exposure to household dust and touch surfaces.
1 in 10 COVID-19 patients return to hospital after being sent home from ER
Researchers found that factors like low pulse oximetry levels and fever were key indicators for hospital readmission. The study also showed that older patients and those with certain symptoms were more likely to require hospitalization.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalAcademic Emergency Medicine·DateSep 15, 2020
Europe's primary forests: What to protect? What to restore?
Primary forests in Europe are scarce and irreplaceable, requiring top priority protection. Restoration is a viable option where no primary forests remain, storing carbon and benefiting biodiversity. An expansion of protected areas by just 1% can suffice to safeguard most remaining primary forests.
SourceGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig·JournalDiversity and Distributions·DateSep 15, 2020
Rare pattern observed in migrating common swifts
The study reveals a unique chain migration pattern in common swifts, where populations from southern Europe arrive in Africa before those from northern Europe, driven by food availability. This adaptation allows the species to ensure continuous access to energy-rich insects, enabling them to survive for over 20 years.
Scientists develop a technique to dynamically curve a photon jet
Researchers have discovered a simple method for creating a curved photonic beam using a microparticle, which can be used for various applications such as microscopy and lithography. This breakthrough enables the creation of more flexible and versatile photonics devices.