A new observational study published in JAMA sheds light on the use of metformin for patients with Type 2 diabetes and impaired kidney function. The study found that metformin is associated with a 20% decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to sulfonylureas.
A new study using WHI data found that hormone therapy decreases markers of insulin sensitivity and blood glucose in women, reducing the risk of Type 2 diabetes. The study focused on nine metabolites associated with diabetes development and found seven to be significantly decreased with hormone therapy.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that oncologists dropped usage of two immunotherapies by 50% within six months of FDA label changes. The findings suggest that oncologists can quickly incorporate new guidelines into their practices.
Tropical Storm Lorenzo is strengthening and becoming more organized, with a rounded shape indicating intensification. The storm is moving towards the west-northwest at 16 mph, surrounded by warm waters and humid air, setting conditions ripe for further intensification.
A survey of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes found that many long-time patients downplay medical and social factors in favor of more aggressive treatment. The study's findings suggest that patients' perceptions of their care diverge from professional recommendations, highlighting the need for better physician-patient communications.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that tapeworm regeneration is dependent on stem cells located near the head. Researchers found that severing the head did not prevent regrowth, but signals from the neck are necessary to activate stem cells.
Researchers mapped Detroit's unofficial footpaths, revealing a 70% decline on the far east side between 2010 and 2016. The study highlights the importance of informal pathways in urban planning and social justice
A new clinical trial aims to improve blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes by delivering medically tailored meals and nutrition education via telehealth. Researchers are testing whether this approach can reduce emergency department visits and hospital admissions, and if it is cost-effective.
A study by The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research suggests that lifestyle modifications can prevent up to 30% of breast cancer cases. The recommended modifications include maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and consuming a balanced diet rich in non-starch vegetables.
A Stanford-led study predicts a tripling of storm-related damages in the Bahamas if protective ecosystems like coral reefs and mangrove forests are degraded or lost. The research is being used by the Bahamian government to pinpoint key areas for investment in natural ecosystems.
Researchers have designed a new member of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) family using 1,1,2,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivatives. These TPB derivatives exhibit strong fluorescence in aggregates and variable emission wavelengths due to conformational sensitivity.
Researchers found that flour beetles' immune system adapts to specific bacteria after repeated exposure, leading to improved specificity and survival chances. The study's results could have implications for human innate immunity and may lead to new strategies for combating pests like the red flour beetle.
A UMass Amherst climate scientist is contributing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. The report assesses the latest scientific knowledge on sea-level rise, ocean changes, and their impacts on coastal communities.
Researchers tripled the shelf life of ready-to-eat macaroni and cheese from 12 months to 36 months using a special coating that keeps oxygen away. The technology has benefits not only for space travel but also for improving military meals (MREs) and consumer food products.
Researchers have scrutinized West Nile virus and its transmission cycle, demonstrating the need for a one health approach. The body of knowledge built since 1999 is empowering efforts to minimize West Nile virus impact and prevent other mosquito-borne diseases.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a flexible thin-film battery that can be bent, stretched and twisted without disrupting power supply. The new battery features a water-based gel electrolyte that is environmentally friendly and non-toxic.
The University of California, Santa Cruz, will lead a new Human Pangenome Reference Sequence Project funded by the NIH. The project aims to generate and maintain a completely new and comprehensive reference sequence of the human genome, vastly improving current representation of human diversity and genetic variation.
Researchers investigated carbon partitioning between iron liquid and silicate melt under high-pressure conditions using a boron nitride capsule. The new experimental result shows that the partition coefficient of carbon is several times lower than previous studies, suggesting that carbon in a magma ocean may not have been as depleted.
Researchers found deep brain stimulation to be safe and effective in reducing the severity of tinnitus in patients with no other confounding comorbidity. The procedure showed significant clinical improvement in three out of five patients, with improvements in Tinnitus Functional Index scores and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores.
Scientists have discovered log-periodic quantum oscillations in topological material ZrTe5, exhibiting discrete scale invariance. The phenomenon is attributed to supercritical atomic collapse and quasi-bound states, offering new insights into the universality of this effect.
A new study finds that night sweats are associated with decreased attention and executive function in menopausal women, even as total sleep time increases. In contrast, daytime hot flashes have no impact on sleep duration.
A new study found that half of all buildings destroyed by wildfire in California are located in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) area, which has less grasses and trees to fuel fires. The WUI accounts for 82% of all building losses, with 50% occurring in the interface portion.
Scientists developed a new technique, NET-CAGE, to elucidate the structure of genomic enhancers, which activate specific genes. The method identified 20,000 new human enhancers, revealing differences in their role between promoters and enhancers.
Researchers at MU College of Engineering developed eye-tracking technology to improve collision avoidance warnings and reduce distracted driving crashes. By analyzing pupil size, the system can detect driver distraction and adjust warning levels accordingly.
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a new kind of magnetic state in ultra-thin iridium-nickel interfaces, challenging theories on quantum materials. The findings could lead to greater manipulation of quantum materials and deeper understanding of the quantum state for novel electronics.
A new tool kit provides real-world guidelines for counseling weight loss in primary care settings, offering a 21-session treatment manual modeled on the schedule of visits recommended by CMS. This approach has shown favorable weight losses of 5.4% at 6 months and 6.1% at 1 year.
Researchers discovered the mechanism behind cetuximab's effectiveness in patients with a specific KRAS gene mutation, which enables doctors to prescribe the drug to this patient group. This finding has direct clinical implications and could benefit up to 10,000 colorectal cancer patients per year.
A Stanford-led study reveals that turmeric is sometimes adulterated with lead-laced chemical compounds in Bangladesh, leading to elevated blood lead levels among consumers. The researchers aim to shift consumer behaviors, reduce incentives for the practice and develop business opportunities to promote lead-free turmeric.
A Cornell University collaboration has developed a reactive copper-nitrene catalyst that breaks C-H bonds and forms C-N bonds, crucial for pharmaceutical manufacturing. The catalyst's reactivity is due to the absence of two electrons in the nitrogen atom, making it highly reactive.
Researchers at the Buck Institute identified 44 specific senescence-associated proteins involved in blood clotting, marking the first time cellular senescence has been associated with age-related blood clots. Senescent cells accumulate over time, spewing out inflammatory proteins that lead to chronic inflammation.
Researchers uncover traditional fish preparation techniques employed by fisherfolk in Panama and Egypt, revealing patterns of modifications to fish skeletons comparable to those found in archaeological sites. The study provides a powerful model for identifying fish butchering and preservation methods at archaeological sites worldwide.
A recent study found that American adults consume too many low-quality carbohydrates and more saturated fat than recommended. Despite some improvements, older people and those with lower income or educational attainment continue to face greater hurdles in adopting healthier dietary habits.
Researchers at University of Warwick have made a breakthrough in understanding the functions and structures of key enzymes in assembling an antibiotic with activity against Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly resistant pathogen. Understanding these enzymes could enable more effective versions of the antibiotic to be created.
Researchers found that children's brains are becoming more myelinated, which could affect estimates of cortical thickness. This discovery challenges previous hypotheses on brain development and has implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases like Multiple Sclerosis.
Tropical Storm Karen has regained strength due to powerful thunderstorms re-developing around its center. Cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit indicate the presence of capable storms that can produce heavy rainfall.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding bacterial immune systems. The study reveals how bacteria activate their defence mechanisms against viruses and other attackers using COA molecules, which activate CSX1 protein complexes.
Researchers have developed a new flexible membrane that guides cracks away from critical components, increasing the functional lifespan of biomedical devices. The study, led by Binghamton University Associate Professor Guy German, uses human skin topography as a model to direct cracks in the best way possible.
Researchers from Bocconi University, NYU Stern, and the University of Bolzano found that private firms have higher 'earnings quality' or EQ compared to public firms. The study analyzed nearly 400,000 European companies across 11 countries over a nine-year period.
A new clinical trial found that a cost-effective generic medication, spironolactone, is just as effective as the more expensive drug eplerenone in preserving cardiovascular function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study also showed stabilization of kidney and lung function, with no serious side effects.
Researchers discovered a tripartite relationship between sponges, bacteria, and bacteriophages, where viruses protect bacteria from being digested. The study found that sponge viruses have unique functions and may enable symbiotic co-existence between hosts and microbes.
A new standard of reference for assessing solar forecast has been proposed, combining climatology and persistence methods to gauge forecaster performance. The combined approach provides a way to compare forecasters' skills and determine the best forecasting methods.
A UTA professor is using a pavement testing machine to determine which mixes of recycled asphalt will last longer and work better on surface layers of Texas roads. The testing facility, in collaboration with TxDOT and the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, aims to improve road durability and lifespan.
A study of 169 baboon mothers and nearly 700 offspring reveals that a mother's history of hardship can have lasting effects on her kids, including shorter lifespans. Female baboons who experienced early adversity had offspring that were 39-48% less likely to reach adulthood.
A new strategy promotes mutual cooperation by introducing a 'escape interaction' that can deter defection. The study suggests cooperative societies can be maintained without revenge, expanding the field of cooperation research.
A new study associates self-silencing with greater carotid plaque buildup, which could lead to a stroke and other cardiovascular problems. Women who do not express their feelings are at increased risk of cardiovascular issues.
Researchers at the University of Exeter found that jackdaws can learn to identify dangerous people by hearing a warning call, and this knowledge helps them avoid humans who pose a threat. The birds that heard the warning call returned to their nests more quickly when seeing the human again, indicating they had learned to recognize danger.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet analyzed the whole genome of 1,000 Swedish individuals and identified 61,000 new DNA sequences, including 80 genes linked to diseases. These new sequences are found in all major human populations, indicating they are ancient and widespread
Researchers have developed a new drug delivery strategy targeting K-Ras proteins, responsible for aggressive and untreatable cancers. The approach uses FTase and GGTase I inhibitors to disrupt the lipid modification of mutated K-Ras, blocking its proliferation.
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has awarded $29.5 million over five years to fund two centers for advancing the human genome reference sequence. The centers will develop a multi-genome reference sequence representing 350 genomes, enabling researchers to find disease-causing variants with increased accuracy.
Emissions of volatile organic pollutants in West Africa far exceed current estimates, with road traffic, waste combustion, and domestic fires contributing significantly. The study emphasizes the importance of setting up more accurate regional emission inventories to predict health and climate impacts.
A single-session sleep education program has been shown to cure insomnia in many cancer survivors, according to a new study. Those who don't benefit from this approach are often helped by a more extensive three-session program. The findings suggest a 'stepped care' model can be effective for improving insomnia in cancer survivors.
A recent study analyzed dietary data from nearly 44,000 US adults between 1999 and 2016, finding modest improvements in diet quality despite high consumption of low-quality carbohydrates and saturated fat. The study also showed a decline in added sugar intake and an increase in whole grains, plant protein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Automated machine learning techniques improve efficiency and accuracy in analyzing heart function on cardiac MRI scans. The study, conducted in the UK, found that AI can analyze a scan in approximately four seconds with similar precision to experts.
A recent study published in the European Society of Cardiology journal found a strong association between gum disease and high blood pressure. The meta-analysis of 81 studies revealed that moderate-to-severe periodontitis was associated with a 22% raised risk for hypertension, while severe periodontitis was linked with 49% higher odds.
A new study found that racial/ethnic mortality rate disparities have been widening since 2009, especially among infants and children. The study's findings suggest that addressing the root causes of these disparities is crucial to regaining lost ground and achieving health equity.
Pedro Alvarez and Rice's NEWT Center will focus on resilient transport and storage, one of six areas of research for the NAWI alliance. The goal is to advance technologies that make nontraditional water sources cost-competitive within 10 years.
Researchers have developed a new method to study rocks along fault lines, revealing clearer views of the Earth's crust. This technique combines acoustic mapping with full waveform inversion, enabling scientists to better understand why earthquakes and tsunamis occur.
A study found that Asian patients with low body mass index (BMI) and high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have worse heart failure outcomes. The 'lean-fat' subgroup had the highest risk of composite events and worst quality-of-life scores.
A NASA satellite analyzed cloud heights and temperatures of Tropical Storm Kiko before wind shear weakened the storm. The data showed that higher cloud tops indicate strengthening storms, while falling cloud tops suggest weakening.
Researchers at George Washington University found a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancers with PTEN mutation by identifying the connection between PTEN and ARID4B genes. Suppressing ARID4B expression in cancer cells with PTEN mutation significantly inhibits cell growth and increases cell death.