KAUST researchers find that water molecules become less stable when squeezed between two hydrophobic surfaces due to quantum effects. This discovery has practical implications for the development of nanofluidic platforms for molecular separation.
A study published in New Space: The Journal of Space Entrepreneurship and Innovation models population growth, caloric needs, land use, and potential food sources to determine Mars' food self-sufficiency. A diet composed of plants, insects, and cellular agriculture can meet human nutritional requirements.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified a principal cellular player controlling HIV reproduction in immune cells, which when turned off or deleted eliminates dormant HIV reservoirs. The discovery highlights a potential therapeutic target to eradicate HIV and AIDS.
The Wistar Institute has been awarded $12M to investigate the impact of opioid use disorder on immune recovery in HIV-infected people. The study aims to find the best pharmacologic strategy for managing opioid use disease in HIV-infected individuals starting antiretroviral therapy.
Researchers discover a new neural mechanism involving the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex that explains how anxiety deteriorates physical performance. Transcranial magnetic stimulation to this region rescues performance deterioration, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for athletes and musicians.
A new study published in eLife shows that children inherit a varying number of genetic mutations from their parents, with older fathers passing on more mutations to their offspring. The study analyzed data from 603 individuals from 33 three-generation families and found significant variability in mutation rates among families.
Researchers at the Center for Cell-Based Therapy identified microRNAs involved in pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. The study found that these molecules play a crucial role in regulating ESC behavior, with some miRNAs contributing to both pluripotency and differentiation.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory used X-rays to observe spatial changes in a silicon carbide crystal when exposed to sound waves. The study demonstrates the potential of acoustic interactions to change materials at the atomic level, paving the way for novel techniques in quantum information technologies.
Researchers developed a framework to describe the process of ultrastructural morphogenesis of molluscan shells. They demonstrated that mineral phase growth is guided by regulating chemical and physical boundary conditions, influencing shell architecture and evolution.
Researchers at Ehime University developed a new synthetic polymer with great potential for use as an environmentally friendly material. The polymer can be degraded into low molecular weight compounds under mild acidic conditions, making it useful for drug encapsulation and recyclable materials.
A healthy dietary pattern was associated with a 30% lower incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a 23% lower incidence of albuminuria, an early indicator of kidney damage. The findings suggest that maintaining a healthy diet may help prevent kidney disease.
Researchers have developed a new type of processor called PAXEL, which uses light to speed up computation and increase efficiency. This approach has potential applications in areas such as fog computing, medical testing, and biodefense.
Children with Down syndrome are 10-20 times more likely to develop Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) than children without the condition. Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have made breakthroughs in understanding this risk, identifying genetic variants associated with increased ALL susceptibility.
Researchers found that Iranian populations, such as Persians and Kurds, display high in-group genetic variation. However, the entire gene pool has remained largely unchanged over at least 5,000 years. This discovery sheds light on past migration movements and provides valuable data for studying genetic diseases.
Researchers analyzed six different bird species and found no uric acid in their excretions. Instead, they identified ammonium urate, struvite, and two unknown compounds, suggesting that bacteria break down uric acid before excretion.
The UN-appointed panel emphasizes the need for collective understanding of systems and their interactions to achieve global goals. While individual goals may counteract others, cross-disciplinary research can help address these challenges.
A new study found that mice's neural activity while performing tasks resembles human-like fidgeting, indicating a possible link between movement and cognition. Researchers must now correct for this overlap to accurately study decision-making processes.
A new study by Brigham Young University researchers found that 20% of college students experience strong feelings of impostorism. Seeking social support from individuals outside their major is a highly effective way to reduce these feelings, as opposed to seeking support within the same academic group. The study also highlights the imp...
A recent study by Nicolas Cermakian and Nathalie Labrecque found that the biological clock influences immune response efficacy in CD8 T cells. The study discovered that the strength of the immune response varied according to the time of day, with mice showing a stronger response to vaccination at certain times.
A study by the University of Bath found that tobacco companies have made attempts to circumvent UK plain packaging legislation, including product name changes and innovations in filter products.
During menopause, the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is upset, leading to increased risk of urogenital infections and other health problems. Research highlights the importance of preserving healthy bacteria populations and strategies for promoting Lactobacillus colonization after menopause.
Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery found that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays a crucial role in tendon growth and adaptation. The study suggests targeting IGF1 may be useful in treating painful tendon injuries, and clinical trials are underway to test this approach.
A research group converts absorbed photons into twice as many excitons with an organic monolayer on a gold nanocluster surface, achieving high-efficiency energy conversion. The researchers also found that the newly formed excitons have a significantly longer lifetime compared to conventional surfaces.
The study found that job sharing opens up the talent pipeline, increasing potential candidates for higher-level posts. It also enables women to remain in or be recruited to senior management roles with valued working flexibility.
ORNL's labwide AI Initiative applies machine learning and deep learning to tackle complex problems in materials science, disease diagnosis, and cybersecurity. The lab's powerful computing resources and expertise enable researchers to develop new technologies and extract insights from massive datasets.
Researchers mapped the whole genomes of 1,000 Swedish individuals, identifying 61,000 new DNA sequences that affect over 80 genes. These new sequences are found in all human populations and suggest an ancient origin, updating our understanding of human genetic diversity.
Tropical Storm Jerry is weakening due to strong vertical wind shear and an intruding dry atmosphere, causing its cloud pattern to deteriorate. The storm's shape is becoming elongated, indicating it is losing strength. Forecasters expect gradual weakening over the next few days.
Research reveals that dung beetles are sensitive to livestock management chemicals, affecting their growth and development. This can lead to reduced ecosystem services, including nutrient redistribution and pest control, ultimately impacting agriculture and the environment.
A new UCL-led study found that some genes predicting high cholesterol don't apply to people from Uganda as they do in European populations. The researchers investigated genetic variants affecting blood fat levels and found that only 10% of markers were implicated in cardiovascular risk factors among Ugandan participants.
Iain Couzin, a renowned expert in collective animal behaviour, receives the 2019 Lagrange - CRT Foundation Prize for his groundbreaking work on collective sensing and decision-making. His research has had significant impact on various fields, including behaviour, ecology, psychology, and complexity science.
A new study found that childhood emotional abuse is associated with more frequent sleep hot flashes and increases in hot flashes over time. The researchers used physiologic measurements to show a strong link between childhood trauma and hot flash severity.
Researchers at University of Eastern Finland developed a new approach to improve brain drug delivery by utilizing LAT1. The study showed that prodrugs can be converted into active drugs that utilize LAT1 for cell entry, achieving higher concentrations in target cells.
A large cohort study found attempting a vaginal birth after previous cesarean section increases the risk of serious maternal complications, including uterine rupture and sepsis. The study suggests that planning another cesarean may be a safer option for women with a history of cesarean section.
In a study published in eLife, researchers found that outer hair cells adjust the sensitivity of neighboring inner hair cells to sound levels rather than amplifying them. This discovery could lead to better interventions to protect hearing and develop new ways to prevent hearing loss.
The USPSTF recommends screening pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture due to the associated risk of pyelonephritis. The condition affects an estimated 2-10% of pregnant women and can lead to hospitalization. The new recommendation updates the 2008 guideline.
A UMass Amherst research team will investigate the effect of a fruit and vegetable-rich diet on breast cancer risk in lactating women. The New Moms Wellness Study, funded by a $3.1 million NIH grant, aims to assess biomarkers of breast cancer risk using breastmilk.
A new machine-learning tool developed by UTHealth can analyze CT angiogram images to identify blockages in cerebral blood vessels, defining the area of brain that has died. This allows neurologists outside major treatment centers to assess whether a patient would benefit from an endovascular procedure.
Researchers from the University of Bath screened over 20,000 molecules to find compounds that inhibit α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) protein, increasing its levels in prostate cancer cells. This approach identified novel small-molecule inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications.
A team of researchers from Brown University and Dartmouth College will use a novel approach to study quantum materials and complex quantum states. They aim to design new materials whose properties depend on correlated quantum states, which could lead to error-tolerant quantum computers.
A new study found that only 39% of postmenopausal women discuss vaginal issues at well woman visits, despite 45% experiencing symptoms. Clinicians are also reluctant to initiate conversations, but patient-initiated discussions often lead to helpful recommendations.
A research team led by LI Chunlai reconstructed the landing trajectory and positioning techniques of China's Chang'E-4, which successfully landed on the Moon's far side in January. The reconstruction provides valuable insights into the navigation process and could aid future lunar missions.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a new process to make ceramic materials more ductile and durable. The 'flash sintering' technique adds an electric field to conventional sintering processes, resulting in enhanced plasticity and resistance to brittle failure.
Astrophysicists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have devised a new way to indirectly measure the mass of a black hole, testing it on the Messier 87 active galaxy. The method combines theoretical modeling, computer calculations, and telescope observations to estimate black hole mass and spin.
A new Mersey barrage concept proposes a holistic approach to tidal energy projects, incorporating benefits such as transport links, tourism, and habitat creation. The design aims to balance environmental concerns with economic opportunities.
A recent University of Michigan study reveals that people tend to prioritize protecting close relationships over reporting immoral acts, even in cases of theft and sexual harassment. Researchers found that this bias can be attenuated by adopting a psychologically distanced perspective.
Researchers expect to greatly enhance measuring accuracy by developing a transportable trap for transporting antiprotons from CERN to Mainz. The project aims to measure fundamental properties of antiprotons with high precision, searching for differences between protons and antiprotons.
Researchers identified a novel histone mark, lysine glutarylation (Kglu) at histone H4, which is abundant in promoter regions of active genes. This mark facilitates the formation of open chromatin structure, leading to gene expression activation.
Chaperones, molecular protein machines, ensure that proteins are built correctly. In the study, researchers found that chaperones retain one part of interleukin 23-alpha until it is incorporated into the complete complex, controlling its secretion and biosynthesis.
A large-scale implementation of an enhanced recovery program (ERP) reduced rates of extended hospitalization for bariatric surgery patients by nearly half. The protocol, known as ENERGY, improved patient outcomes through measures such as minimizing fluid overload and implementing opioid-sparing pain management strategies.
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 Trial (VITAL) found that Omega-3 fatty acids reduced heart attacks, while vitamin D supplementation lowered total cancer mortality among participants. The findings suggest a complex balance of benefits and risks for each intervention.
Bats employ a range of hunting strategies, from echolocation in open spaces to listening for prey sounds in enclosed areas. They also utilize eavesdropping on prey communication and social interactions to locate prey and minimize search effort.
The National Association of Science Writers has honored the winners of its 2019 Excellence in Institutional Writing Awards, recognizing exceptional science writing produced on behalf of an institution. The awards ceremony took place during the ScienceWriters2019 meeting, with $2,000 cash prizes awarded to the top winners.
A new study based on ELITE data found that hormone therapy affects estradiol levels in different ways for various determinants, such as BMI, smoking status, and medication use. Higher estradiol levels were associated with lower atherosclerosis risk among postmenopausal women.
A UK report outlines a vision for managing land and seas after Brexit, prioritizing environmental protection and employment opportunities. The report recommends an 'ecosystem-based' approach to agriculture and fishing policies, with a focus on sustainable practices and public goods.
Researchers analyze two recent global warming events, the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, to understand how oceans, animals, and plants respond to rapid climate change. The studies reveal that both events were caused by massive greenhouse gas releases, including carbon emissions from volcanic eruptions.
Researchers validate the hypothesis that IgG autoantibodies are crucial to IgA nephropathy's pathogenic immunodeposits. The study found co-localization of IgA1 and IgG in glomerular deposits, confirming their role in disease progression.
A new study by The Menopause Society shows that lifestyle coaching can effectively decrease BMI, body fat, and waist circumference in all women. However, the benefits are more noticeable in premenopausal women, who experience larger reductions in percentage of body fat and waist circumference.
A new study based on SWAN data shows that frequent and persistent menopausal hot flashes are associated with a higher risk of heart problems. The study found that hot flashes at the beginning of the transition doubled the risk of clinical CVD events, while persistent hot flashes over 20 years increased the risk by 80%.
QUT researchers have created a new, safe way to clean up oil spills using a nontoxic, low-cost foam. The foam can be sprayed onto the surface of an oil spill and easily scraped away for safe disposal, offering a more efficient solution than current methods.
A team of Penn State researchers developed a model that can accurately predict wind farm energy production and location. The model provides a probability curve for wind production, allowing companies to make informed decisions about investing in wind farms.