A study of nearly 25,000 patients found that weight-loss surgery in Western Australia was associated with higher rates of outpatient and emergency department mental health services. The research suggests that patients who undergo bariatric surgery may experience increased mental health needs after the procedure.
A recent study by Robert Hofmann and colleagues discovered that Tripolye mega-structures served as public spaces for ritual, economic, and decision-making purposes. The researchers found a hierarchy of mega-structures based on their architecture and location, indicating sequential decision-making at various levels of society.
Studies examine the effects of temperature on itchgrass and divine nightshade seeds in sugarcane fields. Higher temperatures can kill weeds, but varying conditions are needed for optimal control, considering seed coat structure and soil insulation.
A new research study has revealed that humans lived in a low-carbon-dioxide atmosphere for 2.5 million years, with concentrations averaging 230 parts per million, until 1965. Today's levels are about 410 parts per million.
Researchers have discovered a new drug target for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) by targeting an earlier stage of progenitor cells. Blocking the CHRM4 protein receptor significantly improves blood cell production in MDS patients. Preclinical tests in mice show sustained therapeutic efficacy.
Hurricane Lorenzo's cloud top temperatures dropped to minus 121 Fahrenheit, indicating increased strength, with maximum sustained winds reaching 85 mph. The storm is forecast to become a major hurricane by Thursday and will continue moving west-northwest.
A new study found that almost half of young African American children responded better to increasing inhaled corticosteroid doses than adding long-acting bronchodilators. For adolescents and adults, most showed improved responses with adding a long-lasting bronchodilator, but some had no difference.
African Americans have lower survival rates and shorter survival times after cancer diagnosis compared to other racial groups. A new NIH-funded study will investigate the impact of community, interpersonal, and individual factors on health-related quality of life for African American cancer survivors.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a palladium-based alloy nanocatalyst that promotes the selective production of deuterium isotope compounds from formic acid. The catalyst enables a cost-effective and scalable process for producing these gases, which are useful in fine chemical production and research applications.
Researchers found that a fraction of the fish caught nearby could significantly improve health in tropical coastal areas. The study suggests that existing marine fisheries can substantially reduce malnutrition, but access to these nutrients is often restricted to those who need them most.
A recent study published in New Phytologist identified opportunities to boost cassava yields by optimizing photosynthesis. Researchers found that cassava's stomata limit photosynthesis during light transitions, and increasing the speed of these pores could increase yield potential by up to 6%.
PlaneEnglish, an app-based aviation radio simulator, has received a $50,000 grant from the Air Force to improve flight training. The simulator helps pilots acquire radio communication proficiency in realistic environments, enhancing situational awareness and response skills.
Pitt scientists found that film can capture nuanced opinions, emotions, and spaces beyond traditional methods, but also raises concerns about participant privacy and logistical challenges. Their collaborative filmmaking method empowers participants to express themselves comfortably through video presentations.
The prevalence of NAFLD is rising due to a preventable epidemic, with over half of adults and one third of children classified as overweight or obese. The condition is linked to lack of physical activity, excess calorie intake, and sugary drinks.
Researchers found that plastic teabags release a significant amount of micro- and nanoplastics into tea during brewing. The levels were thousands of times higher than previously reported in other foods, and treated water fleas showed anatomical and behavioral abnormalities.
A study of 123,000 patients found that those with mental health disorders had primary care visits before diagnosis and lower overall complication severity scores. Patients with existing mental health disorders also experienced more quickly progressing complications over seven years after diabetes diagnosis.
Researchers found that age has a greater impact on religiosity than cohort effects in high-income countries. This could lead to a shift in societal structures. As older people make up more of the population, there may be a resurgence of religiosity in countries like Japan.
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that on-the-job pesticide exposure raised the risk of heart disease and stroke in Japanese American men. After 34 years of follow-up, no significant link was found between pesticide exposure and cardiovascular disease.
A small study suggests that non-invasive nerve stimulation may be effective in treating vestibular migraine attacks. The treatment, which involves electrical impulses delivered through the skin to the vagus nerve, showed improvement in vertigo symptoms for 13 out of 14 participants.
Explore Interactive's augmented reality platform aims to help students learn about science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) through hands-on challenges and design exercises. The NIH grant will enable the company to track growth in proficiency and provide real-time analytics for teachers.
Researchers developed a new laser-based system that uses speckle pattern analysis to detect fires in harsh environments. The system achieved an accuracy of 91 percent in tests at a waste plant in Denmark, offering a promising solution for fire detection in industrial settings.
MIT researchers analyzed 380,000 government service requests to find a way for cities to preserve citizen privacy while improving efficiency. They identified model cities that maximized both privacy and efficiency, suggesting similar methodologies for worldwide evaluation of government services.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that inactivating the Hippo pathway in cardiac fibroblasts promotes cardiac fibrosis and adversely affects cardiac function. This finding highlights the need for specific targeting of the Hippo pathway in cardiac muscle cells for safe and effective heart failure therapy.
A team of researchers found a security flaw in biometric passports that enables unauthorized equipment to scan and track passport holders' locations. The ICAO 9303 standard used worldwide since 2004 is vulnerable to attacks, posing a risk to individual privacy.
ECOG-ACRIN announces late-breaking TAILORx data on chemotherapy regimens for early-stage breast cancer. The data, published concurrently in JAMA Oncology, focuses on patients with a score of 26-100 on the 21-tumor gene recurrence score assay.
A stretchable and flexible biofuel cell has been developed to power wearable electronics using human sweat. The device continuously lights an LED and opens avenues for the development of reliable and efficient energy sources. Researchers are now seeking to amplify the voltage provided by the biofuel cell to power larger portable devices.
Researchers at UNIGE unveil a mutation mechanism essential for cancer development by linking DNA replication failures in cancer cells to their genetic instability. They successfully corrected the effects of replication stress in diseased cells, showing that this phenomenon is controllable and potentially exploitable for therapy.
Cancer cells adapt to treatment with checkpoint blocker drugs by altering a metabolic process, leading to shorter survival for patients. The study suggests that identifying biomarkers of metabolic changes related to treatment with checkpoint blockers could help identify patients who might benefit from combination therapy.
A new NASA visualization reveals how a black hole distorts space, creating a warped view of its surroundings like a carnival mirror. The extreme gravity bends light from the accretion disk, producing a misshapen appearance.
A study by the University of Pavia found that Mediterranean private boats have a high potential to spread alien species through biofouling. Boats traveling to new marinas were likely to be transporting alien species, with visible biofouling in niche areas such as ladders and propellers being key predictors of high species richness.
Researchers created CAR T cells targeting BAFF-R, a surface marker found on B cells and cancerous B cells. This approach showed promise in killing cancer cells that lack CD19, reducing the risk of relapse in patients with lymphoma.
A new study found that 13% of postmenopausal women veterans screened positive for military sexual trauma, strongly associated with mental health diagnoses like PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation. The study highlights the need for additional research and trauma screening in this understudied population.
Researchers at Newcastle University found that higher water volumes in delicate wash cycles release more plastic microfibres than standard cycles. The team discovered that the volume of water used during the wash cycle is the key factor, not spinning action, and that this can lead to a significant increase in released fibres.
Researchers found that dual PPARα/γ agonists cause heart dysfunction in diabetes patients due to mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production issues. Activating SIRT1 with resveratrol reduced heart toxicity in mice treated with tesaglitazar, maintaining its therapeutic benefits.
Scientists at the University of Bristol discovered clay vessels from Europe dating back to 5,000 BC that were used as early baby bottles for animal milk. The analysis revealed ruminant milk residues from domesticated cattle, sheep, or goat.
A new study estimates that human decisions and actions can reduce the uncertainty in climate response, limiting economic impacts to under 1% of global GDP. The research suggests humanity has control over its future and can choose a path through its actions.
New research from Washington University School of Medicine shows that infectious disease specialists can significantly improve outcomes for hospitalized patients with fungal bloodstream infections. With a 20% lower risk of death and increased use of life-saving treatments, specialist consultation is crucial in reducing mortality rates.
A research project from the University of Otago is developing a ryegrass variety that can be induced to flower for seed production under artificial conditions. This could lead to more productive and efficient farming, increasing productivity and reducing land use while minimizing environmental impact.
A secret-shopper-style study by Harvard Medical School found that web-based and digital-app services offering oral contraception appear to be safe and efficient. However, gaps remain, such as inadequate counseling on alternative forms of birth control and lack of screening for rare health conditions.
Researchers observed flavobacteria forming tubes and then strings of pearls, which capture and break down laminarin sugar for nutrition. This ecological strategy appears successful, as the bacteria are found in large numbers after algal blooms.
The EXO-200 collaboration has established some of the strongest limits yet for neutrinoless double beta decay and two-neutrino double beta decay of xenon-136. This research sets the stage for future experiments that will search for the hypothetical process, which would confirm that neutrinos are their own antiparticles.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde are working on a system to measure blood chemistry levels in premature and sick babies through their skin, which could replace invasive blood tests. The technology aims to collect glucose and lactate levels using a wireless patch sensor that can be placed on the baby's stomach.
A new experimental test made from bacterial innards has high potential as a basis for an inexpensive, easy malnutrition test for use in the field. The test can detect zinc levels and quantify clinically relevant levels, allowing aid agencies to get immediate information and influence policy decisions on nutritional interventions.
Duke University engineers used machine learning to design dielectric metamaterials that absorb and emit specific frequencies of terahertz radiation, reducing calculation time from over 2,000 years to just 23 hours. The new designs enable thermophotovoltaic devices that convert waste heat to electricity with higher efficiency.
UIC researchers have successfully developed a fully rechargeable prototype of a lithium-carbon dioxide battery, demonstrating its potential for advanced energy storage systems. The battery's efficiency and long-lasting cycle life are significantly improved due to the use of new materials and a hybrid electrolyte.
Tropical Storm Karen has brought heavy rain to Puerto Rico, with the GPM core satellite detecting rainfall rates exceeding 1.6 inches per hour in the Atlantic Ocean and central Puerto Rico. Forecasters predict additional rainfall accumulations of 1-2 inches across the territory.
Researchers have created a rewriteable paper coating that can encrypt secret information using relatively low-tech invisible ink--water. The method allows reversible secure printing for at least 30 cycles, significantly reducing the cost and being environmentally friendly.
The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative funds I AM ALS to create open source digital tools for building a movement against ALS and other rare diseases. This support aims to connect patients, caregivers, and scientists to accelerate progress in finding treatments and cures.
Food insecurity has serious consequences for health and wellbeing, including inadequate intake of key nutrients, depression, and poor physical and mental health. Experts propose strategies such as improving weekend access to nutritious foods during summer months and understanding the psychosocial effects of food insecurity on college s...
A study found that substantial school spending cuts during the Great Recession led to significant losses in academic achievement for students living in counties most affected by the economic downturn. The estimated declines in student math and English language arts achievement represent a loss of approximately 25 percent of expected an...
New research finds that millions of people worldwide are suffering from micronutrient deficiencies, which can be reduced by increasing access to fish caught near their homes. The study suggests that current fishing practices and trade in seafood are standing between malnourished populations and the nutrients they need.
Men who became fathers through assisted reproduction techniques have a higher risk of prostate cancer and early onset prostate cancer compared to those who conceived naturally. Early screening and long-term monitoring are advised for these men.
Using laser pulses, researchers successfully induced superconductivity in an iron-based compound at a temperature of minus 258 degrees Celsius. This breakthrough could lead to more power-efficient devices and infrastructure if it can be scaled up to room-temperature applications.
A recent study has identified FHL1 protein as a crucial cellular factor for the replication and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus. The researchers found that FHL1 interacts with viral protein nsP3 to facilitate viral infection, making it a promising target for antiviral development.
Researchers at City of Hope have developed a new CAR T cell therapy targeting the B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), which showed remarkable tumor regression and prolonged survival in animal models. The therapy may potentially be used as a first-line treatment for patients who relapsed after CD19 immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers used a new technique to identify genetic profiles of individual cells in a breast cancer tumor and found a drug combination that reversed resistance. The study suggests that clinicians could begin combination therapy before resistance occurs, given the effectiveness of the additional drug.
Researchers are combining supply chain and conservation datasets to predict and respond to weaknesses in illegally trafficked wildlife supply chains. The team aims to develop tools to interfere with wildlife trafficking, potentially influencing other transnational crimes.
Cetaceans lost genes for saliva secretion and lung function to adapt to aquatic life. They also shed melatonin production genes, leading to novel sleep patterns where one brain hemisphere stays awake to generate heat as needed.
A Phase 1B study led by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center demonstrated positive safety results for pegilodecakin when combined with pembrolizumab and nivolumab. The treatment showed promising anti-tumor activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and kidney cancer.
Cyclone Hikaa is located near latitude 19.9 degrees north and longitude 58.4 degrees east, just 38 nautical miles southwest of Masirah Island. The storm is approaching landfall in Oman near Duqm with gusty winds and heavy rainfall.