A new analysis finds that long-term hormone therapy increases mortality risk for men with low PSA levels after prostate surgery. The study suggests that patients with high PSAs should continue to receive hormone therapy in addition to radiation, but those with low PSAs may be better off without it.
Laanes' five-year project 'Translating Memories: The Eastern European Past in the Global Arena' investigates how literature, cinema, and art shape global perceptions of WWII and Soviet regimes. The team will analyze aesthetic and political debates around these works to break local history deadlocks.
A team of researchers has developed a method to screen bone samples for collagen using near-infrared spectrometry, reducing the need to destroy valuable remains. This breakthrough could enable scientists to analyze ancient DNA and gain insights into human history.
The NIH HEAL Initiative awards $945 million for grants and contracts across 41 states to improve treatments for chronic pain and curb opioid use disorder. The initiative aims to develop non-addictive medications and models of care to balance patient safety with effective pain management.
Hurricane Lorenzo has strengthened, becoming more organized with a rounded shape indicating intensification. The storm's eye is rapidly appearing in conventional satellite imagery, surrounded by very cold cloud tops.
Researchers found that small changes in SOX2 and OCT4 levels impact embryonic stem cell fate during the G1 phase. Elevated OCT4 levels direct cells towards neuronal and non-neuronal types, while increased SOX2 pushes them towards neuronal-type cells.
A meta-analysis of over two decades of research found a robust reciprocal link between positive relationships and self-esteem across the lifespan. The study analyzed 52 studies involving over 47,000 participants and found that both positive relationships and high self-esteem shape each other's development.
Researchers at Caltech have discovered a new species of worm, Auanema sp., in Mono Lake, which can survive 500 times the lethal human dose of arsenic. The eight discovered species are diverse and resilient to arsenic-laden conditions, suggesting nematodes may have genetic predispositions for adaptability.
A recent study has found that chronic stress can lead to changes in the mitochondria of brain cells, which may contribute to anxiety symptoms. Researchers identified differences in mitochondrial pathways between stressed and non-stressed mice and patients with panic disorder.
A new study found that excessive athletic training can lead to mental fatigue, including reduced activity in a portion of the brain important for making decisions. The athletes also acted more impulsively, opting for immediate rewards instead of bigger ones that would take longer to achieve.
Researchers found that adding durvalumab to radiation and chemotherapy significantly decreased the recurrence of lung cancer in both chest and distant sites, with new lesions occurring primarily in the brain. This suggests that aggressive local therapies may further extend survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
A team of scientists uncovered new details about day-to-day life in the famous Denisova Cave complex in Siberia's Altai Mountains. Microscopic studies of fossil droppings and charcoal from ancient fires indicate that large carnivores such as hyenas, wolves, and bears dominated the landscape for over 300,000 years.
A recent study reveals that inland fisheries are providing vital micronutrients and animal-source protein to sustain 159 million people. The global economic value of inland catch is estimated at $24 billion, highlighting its importance in local rural economies.
Scientists have discovered that the natural amino acid methionine provides plasticity to spider silk proteins, increasing strength and elasticity. This finding has potential applications in industries such as aviation and textile production.
A new study has identified 233 genetic sites that contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, highlighting the involvement of peripheral immune cells and microglia. The findings confirm earlier results and provide a rich perspective on the molecular events leading to MS.
Researchers from MSU and TRIUMF observed a rare nuclear decay in beryllium-11, measuring low-kinetic-energy protons emitted after beta decay. The observation represents a new challenge for understanding exotic nuclei, particularly halo nuclei.
A new study from the University of Cincinnati reveals racial disparities in pregnancy rates among women on dialysis, with Native American, Hispanic, and black women experiencing higher rates. The study found that these groups were 77%, 51%, and 33% more likely to become pregnant than white women, respectively.
A new study suggests that restoring habitat connectivity can increase plant diversity by nearly 14% in fragmented ecosystems. By reconnecting disparate habitat fragments, plant extinctions are reduced by 2% per year and colonization from new species is increased by 5% per year.
A large clinical study of 1,495 patients in 10 countries found that those who had a total hip arthroplasty reported better function but also higher incidence of serious complications. The study suggests the advantages of total hip replacement may not be compelling.
Researchers at King's College London have discovered that β-Galactoside-Binding Protein (βGBP) can selectively target and kill cancer cells while stimulating the immune system to provide long-term protection against cancer recurrence. The study presents a promising new strategy for treating aggressive forms of cancer.
Researchers found that inflammation amplifies neurite growth in neurons involved in thermal sensations, leading to increased pain hypersensitivity. Cav2.2 calcium channel genes play a key role in this process, promoting thermosensitive neuronal activity and sensory nerve outgrowth.
Researchers have discovered that certain molecules in semen, known as miRNAs, may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer. The study found that these molecules can provide reliable information to help diagnose and predict the progression of the disease.
Astronomers have found that a distant galaxy is nestled in a serene ocean of gas, defying expectations and providing new insights into the composition of galaxy halos. The discovery was made possible by a new technique involving fast radio bursts, which allowed researchers to study the gas directly.
Researchers developed a millimeter-sized chip that can image through walls or detect tumors using microwave signals. The chip-based imager uses optical processing and includes over 1,000 photonic components.
Researchers at Wayne State University and Henry Ford Health System aim to develop a new therapeutic approach to reduce opioid addiction relapse using dual orexin antagonism. The study will investigate the role of sleep disturbance in opioid use disorder and its potential link to treatment cessation.
Researchers found exceptionally preserved microbial structures in Western Australia's Dresser Formation, proving biogenic origin and providing new insights into early life investigations. The discovery is a major advance, shedding light on the search for life on Mars and humanity's ancestry.
A noninvasive radiation therapy called ENCORE has been shown to dramatically reduce episodes of rapid, abnormal heartbeats for more than two years. The treatment, which uses stereotactic body radiation therapy, has also led to a reduction in medication side effects and improved quality of life.
A new synthesis method has been developed for SnO2 nanorods, which are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The method involves a simple template-free hydrothermal process and produces high-quality SnO2 nanorods with excellent electrical properties.
Scientific research reveals that music is essential for expressing and enforcing relationships between humans, other beings, and ecosystems. Traditional music-making systems are being eroded due to globalization, but they continue to be honoured and celebrated.
TESS observed a black hole tearing apart a star in a cataclysmic event, allowing scientists to study the physics of tidal disruptions. The early data revealed a smooth rise in brightness and a significant temperature drop near the black hole.
The National Association of Science Writers awarded prizes in seven categories, including She Has Her Mother's Laugh by Carl Zimmer, In the Land of Quakes by Michelle Donahue, Scientists think Alabama's sewage problem has caused a tropical parasite by Arielle Duhaime-Ross, and Surrendering to Rising Seas by Jen Schwartz. Winners receiv...
A new study found that mosquitoes are more likely to lay eggs in clusters of patches withstanding water, rather than dispersed patterns. This creates hotspots where mosquitoes can breed and transmit diseases like Zika, dengue, and chikungunya.
Astronomers analyze radio pulses from a fast radio burst to characterize the diffuse gas in a galactic halo, finding surprisingly low density and weak magnetic field. The discovery challenges previous models and provides new insights into ejection processes and galaxy evolution.
The Morris Animal Foundation has awarded grants totaling $940,000 to support research projects focusing on horse and alpaca health. The studies aim to develop better diagnostics and treatments for equine herpesvirus, strangles, and fungal infections.
A new mouse study shows that disrupting the daily routine of gut microbes in mice increases the risk for metabolic dysfunction and obesity. The findings suggest a link between microbiota damage and human obesity, particularly in modern environments with antibiotics or long-distance jet travel.
A team of astronomers has observed the aftermath of a star violently ripped apart by a supermassive black hole, providing unprecedented detail and insights into these mysterious phenomena. The observations, made possible by NASA's TESS satellite, reveal new features of tidal disruption events (TDEs) that were previously unknown.
Researchers develop tools to watch neural circuit formation directly in living animals, revealing new window into brain development. The study uses light-sheet microscopy to track neurons' movement, activity, and function, shedding light on how coordinated network activity emerges and gives rise to early behaviors.
A Regenstrief Institute research scientist is testing a novel mobile app designed to improve care for people with Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to determine if the Brain CareNotes app can manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, leading to improved quality of life for patients and caregivers.
Astronomers detected a massive planet, GJ 3512b, orbiting the small red dwarf star GJ 3512, defying predictions of theoretical models. The discovery poses questions about planetary formation mechanisms and encourages further research.
A study shows that intensive physical training can harm brain capacity, particularly cognitive control. Excessive physical activity is linked to reduced activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex, leading to impulsive decision-making and burnout syndrome.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine discovered a molecular defect that could lead to an accurate, early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. They also identified a compound that reverses this defect in cells from patients and prevents neuronal death in animal models.
Physicists at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a way to tie microscopic knots within liquid crystals, a type of material used in electronics. The researchers found that by applying voltage, they can expand or shrink the knots and even form complex shapes.
Chronic pain leads to depression by suppressing brain reward system, say Hokkaido University researchers. Their study found that blocking excessive CRF signals can increase dopamine neuron activity, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain and depression.
Using FRB 181112, researchers studied the diffuse gas in the halo of a massive galaxy, finding no evidence of cold turbulent clouds or small dense clumps of cool gas. The signal also revealed information about the magnetic field in the halo, which is very weak.
Researchers successfully simulated high-temperature superconductivity in cuprate materials using the Hubbard model, a decades-old representation of electron behavior. The study suggests that tweaking electron hopping patterns can toggle superconductivity on and off, offering a promising step towards producing controlled superconductors.
A team of scientists discovered a giant virus genome in choanoflagellates, unicellular predators that eat bacteria and small algae. The virus encodes genes for microbial rhodopsin proteins, which are also found in vertebrates and help detect light.
A new study published in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery found that hearts from donors with acute stress-induced cardiomyopathy can be safely transplanted without affecting recipient outcomes. This breakthrough could lead to a significant increase in the supply of donor hearts, estimated at 20-30%.
The ASAS-SN telescope network discovered a tidal disruption event in 2019, which was followed up with observations from NASA's Swift satellite and TESS. The team captured the event's evolution, revealing unique characteristics such as a smooth increase in brightness and a young host galaxy.
Researchers from King's College London and UCL have identified 44 genes linked to age-related hearing loss, offering a clearer understanding of the condition's development. The study's findings may lead to new therapies for millions worldwide affected by hearing loss as they age.
A team of 40 experts from industries, universities, and research institutes worldwide warn that the world's limited phosphate resources are being overexploited and wasted. Without sustainable management, phosphorus will eventually run out, threatening global food security.
Researchers found that natural selection acts on signal-sensing receptors, influencing a worm's decision to stay or enter dauer based on the availability of resources. The study provides evidence that artificial and natural selection work similarly, supporting Darwin's hypothesis.
Researchers have developed a method to transfer information using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), enabling faster signal propagation in microelectronic chips. The technique, which uses multiple snapshots of electromagnetic fields, can potentially solve the problem of shrinking electronic components and improve the speed of chips.
A four-year research project aims to deliver safe and reliable carbon dioxide removal by injecting CO2 into ocean basalt, where it will mineralize and remain permanently as rock. The project combines state-of-the-art technologies in a way that has never been conceived before.
A study of nearly eight million live births found that air pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide are associated with a 20-50% increased risk of death in babies. Exposure to these pollutants also reduces lung function in children as early as the first trimester of pregnancy.
A team of US and Chinese scientists, led by UCI Professors Xiangmin Xu and Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, will develop a new brain mapping tool using genetically engineered herpesviruses. The tool aims to enhance signal outputs and generate variants carrying different functional payloads.
NASA's Terra satellite captured an image of Tropical Storm Karen showing strongest thunderstorms west of center, indicating weakening. The storm is forecast to become a remnant low by Sunday with wind speeds near 45 mph and minimum central pressure at 1004 millibars.
The reports found that every county in Massachusetts saw some economic benefit from the construction, with benefits growing with proximity to Springfield. The study also revealed that two-thirds of construction workers and the construction budget went to Massachusetts-based firms.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed colorful pigments by combining fine silica particles and iron tannic acid, a safe and inexpensive alternative to conventional harmful color materials. The new pigments can be adjusted in color and viewing angle, opening up possibilities for everyday life.
Researchers at UCLA have identified a new drug delivery pathway that uses reengineered fat cells to deliver chemotherapy drugs directly to tumors, suppressing growth and preventing recurrence. The approach could also be applied to other lipid metabolism-related diseases.
A Canadian team found that the LRRK2 gene is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease, and leprosy due to enhanced inflammation. The study suggests that treating excessive inflammation may lead to new treatments and prevention strategies for these diseases.