A study analyzing COVID-19 test results from over 1,700 essential workers in Arizona found that first responders had a twice-highest incidence of infection compared to frontline healthcare personnel. Researchers urge increased vaccine promotion and tailored mitigation strategies for these vital professionals.
A severe sandstorm in North China was triggered by a combination of factors, including persistently lower surface air temperatures and reduced winter precipitation. The resulting dry and loose land surface created a significant dust source that led to the storm.
Researchers found osteocalcin hormone facilitates oligodendrocyte differentiation and hypermyelination through transcription factor Myrf. GPR37 receptor mediates OCN's function in oligodendrocytes, affecting myelin production and remyelination.
Researchers have developed a glasses-free 3D display with an unprecedented field of view of 160°, overcoming critical trade-offs in spatial resolution and angular resolution. The display uses a large-scale 2D-metagrating complex to manipulate view distribution and achieve a thin form factor.
Crop diversification with perennial plants in rainfed almond trees reduces carbon losses by 65-73% and increases soil carbon sequestration. This approach has potential to mitigate climate change through long-term soil carbon balance.
Researchers found that Amino LP7 supplements can slow down brain degeneration and reduce the development of dementia in mouse models. The study also showed that Amino LP7 reduces brain inflammation and improves neuronal connectivity, improving brain function.
A national survey of over 7,000 US nurses found that they experience suicidal ideation at a rate nearly 1% higher than the general workforce, with 40% screening positive for depression and 33% exhibiting burnout symptoms. The findings highlight the need for urgent attention and system-based interventions to address nurse well-being
A team of researchers is studying the Flower Garden Banks and other reefs in the Gulf of Mexico to understand how fish populations use natural banks and habitats. The four-year study aims to improve knowledge of essential habitats for key reef fish components.
Aging affects bilateral coordination, particularly anti-phase movement, by altering alpha and beta neural activity. Researchers discovered that older subjects displayed lower synchronization between sides of the body during anti-phase movements, making such tasks more challenging.
Historical analysis found no precedent for the rate of coal and gas power decline required to limit climate change to 1.5°C. Rapid declines in fossil fuel use occurred in response to energy security threats, but such cases are less relevant to climate scenarios where continental-size regions are involved.
The discovery of two new species, a skink and a fish, sheds light on the variety of animals inhabiting North America during the Early Cretaceous Period. The findings confirm that North America had limited faunal diversity during this time, with many species similar to those found in other regions.
Researchers from City University of Hong Kong created a new titanium-based alloy using additive manufacturing, boasting unprecedented structures and properties. The alloy exhibits high tensile strength, excellent work-hardening capacity, and is up to 40% lighter than stainless steel, making it suitable for various structural applications.
The project aims to evaluate how artificial intelligence can be used to improve analytical processes in urban planning, focusing on data and analytical tools that enable human stakeholders to interact with AI algorithms. The research also seeks to shed light on the broader impacts of automation in urban life, such as workforce.
Researchers developed an automated and accurate interpretation of chest CT scans using Machine Learning technique Multiple Instance Learning (MIL). The new framework, DA-CMIL, differentiates between COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia with performance on par to state-of-the-art methods.
Researchers at Cornell University used machine learning to predict the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria, identifying potential networks of exchange and driving factors. The approach could help control the spread of antibiotic resistance and develop new targets for novel antibiotics.
Researchers aim to generate a model of brain-fat communication system to regulate metabolism during environmental challenges. The study uses cutting-edge techniques like immunolabeling-enabled imaging to identify new components of neural circuits controlling brown and white fat tissues.
Researchers have developed a single-layer composite hydrogel with improved mechanical and electrical properties, featuring high stretchability, self-healing capabilities, and ultrasensitive mechanical sensing. The SHARK material can be stretched up to 77 times its original length and completely self-heal in less than a minute.
Researchers found that human brains decreased in size around 3,000 years ago, coinciding with the expansion of collective intelligence and social groups. This decrease was linked to a reduction in brain energy use due to the externalization of knowledge.
A study of 702 Swedish adolescents aged 15–19 found that 54.3% were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, with many citing a desire to protect others. Anxiety about vaccination and misinformation from parents contributed to reluctance.
A new study suggests that newborns who get more sleep and wake up less throughout the night are less likely to be overweight in infancy. Researchers found a 26% decrease in infant obesity risks with just one additional hour of sleep.
Historical context of black hole thermodynamics investigated through Roger Penrose's energy extraction theory and its influence on Stephen Hawking's groundbreaking discovery of black hole radiation. The study explores the connections between Western and Soviet physicists, shedding new light on the development of this field.
A team of scientists led by University of Hawaii at Manoa has discovered a newly-formed planet, 2M0437b, which can be directly observed. The planet is estimated to be several times more massive than Jupiter and formed with its star around the time of main Hawaiian Island emergence.
Researchers developed a holographic lens that can focus light onto a single point or disperse it into its constituent colors, producing a spectrum of pure colors. The new method uses two sources of light to create a super spectral resolution optical element for detecting exoplanets with high resolution.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis developed a new material for stretchy flexible LEDs using an inkjet printer, combining the benefits of organic and inorganic LEDs. The new material, called perovskite, can be printed onto unconventional substrates, including rubber, and is elastic and stretchable in nature.
A $3.7 million multicampus grant will train 32 graduate students in high-energy physics instrumentation, addressing a long-standing workforce training deficit in the field. The program, led by UC Davis, aims to prepare students for careers in academia, industry, or national laboratories.
A UCI-led study identifies a glucosyltransferase domain as an ideal molecular target for therapeutic interventions against C. difficile infection. The research reveals the structural basis for Toxin B recognition of small GTPases Rho and R-Ras, offering new strategies to combat this deadly disease.
Scientists at UNIGE discovered that cold therapy can reduce symptoms of multiple sclerosis by shifting energy resources away from the immune system. This approach shows promise for treating autoimmune diseases and could be relevant to other immune-mediated or infectious diseases.
A new UCLA Health study suggests that breastfeeding may have a positive impact on postmenopausal women's cognitive performance, potentially preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Women who breastfed their babies performed better on cognitive tests compared to those who did not.
New study reveals that blocking interleukin-23 is more effective than targeting both interleukin-23 and interleukin-12 in treating psoriasis. Interleukin-12, previously thought to contribute to the disease, actually protects against it by maintaining normal skin cell function.
Researchers have developed a new multiferroic solar PV device with high photoconversion efficiency and stability. They attribute the improvement to ferroelectric polarization and magnetization regulation mechanisms, which enhance carrier separation and reduce recombination rates.
Researchers found three phases of landscape development over 800 years, influenced by wars, politics and climate. Wars led to devastation and 'renaturalization', while agriculture and settlements had a lasting impact.
The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) has updated its points to consider on the use of immunomodulatory drugs in severe COVID-19 treatment. The new guidelines focus on repurposing rheumatology drugs, with WHO recommending dexamethasone and anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies for treatment.
Researchers found that slow release of TT-10 from nanoparticles improved heart function after a heart attack, accompanied by increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and smaller infarct size. The study suggests that PLGA nanoparticles could be used to improve treatment administration efficiency for cardiovascular drugs.
A gene therapy strategy has shown encouraging early results against Angelman syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately one in every 20,000 children. The therapy restores function of the UBE3A gene in neurons, preventing key signs of the condition and improving motor skill-learning and behaviors.
A new study reveals significant gaps in the representation of women and pregnant individuals in research used to inform nutrition reference values. The study's findings highlight the need for increased diversity and inclusion in nutritional research to provide accurate guidance for Americans and Canadians.
Scientists aim to create sustainable materials for optical applications by leveraging polylactide, a renewable resource with good optical properties. The project addresses issues like CO2 emissions and microplastics to develop cost-effective high-performance polymers.
Scientists have identified the molecular origins of recombination in RNA viruses, a process that can lead to the emergence of new variants. The study reveals a new class of antiviral drugs that target this mechanism, but warns of potential risks when used in large quantities.
Researchers examine the accelerating expansion of the Universe, a phenomenon driven by dark energy. The study reveals disparities between observations and theoretical models, highlighting the need for new understanding and precision experiments.
Researchers discovered a significant impact on executive functioning, processing speed, and memory encoding in patients treated for COVID-19. Cognitive impairments persisted several months after the initial infection.
Rice University researchers have developed a method to control the growth of tetrahedron-shaped nanoparticles, which can be used as building blocks for unique metamaterials. The team discovered that balancing thermodynamic and kinetic forces during crystallization allows for symmetry breaking, forming pyramid-shaped nanocrystals.
Researchers at INRAE found that drought conditions do not trigger esca leaf symptoms in vines. The scientists used controlled drought conditions to monitor the physiological state of 51 Sauvignon blanc vines, half under drought, and found no correlation between drought and disease development.
A CU Cancer Center member is developing a decision aid for breast cancer patients, gathering data on well-being outcomes after surgery. The study found that women who underwent lumpectomies reported better psychosocial and sexual well-being than those who had mastectomies.
Researchers have identified a specific molecular mechanism that controls the transition from acute to chronic pain. Disabling an intracellular enzyme called N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) can halt chronic pain development in mice, suggesting a new class of drugs to treat various forms of chronic pain.
A new study found that most incarcerated individuals' in-prison experiences lessen their perceptions of procedural justice and fairness, regardless of the length of time served. The research used a nationally representative sample of over 31,000 adults and examined various in-prison experiences on inmates' perceptions of staff members'...
Researchers have overcome significant barriers to developing safe and long-life lithium metal batteries by creating a new structure in the negative electrode that can regulate lithium ion flux. The results show high capacity retention of over 80% after more than 200 cycles of recharging.
Burt's Bees research finds that natural origin ingredients like bakuchiol, aloe, and rice milk improve skin health for all skin types and tones. The studies also show that these ingredients can restore skin barrier function and lead to positive subject-reported improvements.
Research found that warming water temperatures and browning increase methylmercury transfer to phytoplankton, reducing essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. This impacts the food chain, exposing higher organisms to toxic mercury and compromising nutrition, posing a threat to human health.
Researchers at Rutgers University have linked Fragile X and SHANK3 deletion syndrome, both associated with autism and health problems, to walking patterns. The study used motion-sensored sneakers to detect gait problems 15-20 years before clinical diagnosis, offering a potential framework for early intervention.
A case study evaluated the experience of a deafblind adult using three wayfinding support tools on an urban college campus. The tactile map proved to be the most successful tool, while the mobile application yielded the lowest performance and confidence. Simplifying wayfinding tools and tailoring information to individual preferences a...
The attoscience community has clarified points of tension through discussions among researchers, exploring the scope and nature of analytical and ab-initio approaches. Researchers also investigated the physical observables of quantum tunnelling experiments, aiming to explain differing conclusions.
The KU Center for Community Health and Development monitored and evaluated the COVID-19 response in Douglas County, finding factors that delayed and controlled outbreaks. Local school closures, stay-at-home orders, and mask-wearing mandates were key in bending the curve of cases.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that the shape of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plays a crucial role in determining infection outcomes. Researchers found that RSV viruses change from long, rod-shaped particles to more rounded ones during infection, which affects the activation of complement proteins by the immune system.
The Toarcian Ocean Anoxic Event was found to have occurred in the eastern Tethys, displaying similar carbon-isotope excursion patterns to other regions. This suggests a global expression of the event, with climatic change controlling organic matter accumulation and sediment supply.
Researchers create efficient, designer infrared light sources with near-arbitrary spectral output, enabling molecular sensing technologies and various applications. The innovative process leverages heat-driven design and machine learning, reducing optimization time from weeks to minutes.
A study published in Scientific Reports found fossilized remains of sauropodomorphs, including eggs and skeletal remains, that suggest the earliest evidence of herd living in dinosaurs. The fossils, dated to approximately 193 million years old, show age-specific clusters of individuals, indicating possible herding behavior.
A new method enables efficient discovery of reliable control system designs comparable to human experts, applicable to 'black box' systems without clear internal behavior. This research aims to reduce design costs and improve safety in various industries.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have discovered a new way to analyze diseased and healthy cells from the same patient, revealing potential targets for individualized treatments. The study's findings could also help predict patient response to current drugs, leading to improved survival rates.
Lakes in the Northern Hemisphere are warming at an alarming rate, with some losing up to two months of ice cover since records began. The study, led by York University, found that lakes are losing on average 17 days of ice cover per century.
A national network has been launched to promote understanding of planetary limits, envision scenarios for humanity to thrive within limits, and advise governments on developing effective responses. The essay warns that current economic growth, energy use, and resource consumption will overshoot Earth's finite limits if not addressed.
Research by Michigan State University scientists highlights the importance of balancing built and green infrastructure to address water insecurities and climate change. The study found that natural infrastructure, such as protected forests and wetlands, plays a crucial role in sustaining freshwater flows to cities.