Studies in rhesus monkeys and Egyptian fruit bats found that prefrontal neurons represent details of interactions, including identity context and history. This discovery sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying complex social structures and group communication.
Researchers develop 3D simulation capturing how cells containing vimentin move through body tissue, crucial for understanding cancer spread and wound healing. The study reveals vimentin's protective role in nuclear DNA and its potential as a target for cancer treatment.
Researchers developed a method to detect topological phase using quench dynamics and synthetic frequency dimension, simplifying the characterization of non-equilibrium states. The study proposes a new approach for performing dynamical characterization of topological quantum phases in different models.
Researchers found that tap water contains trace elements and minerals, preventing plastics from degrading and releasing microplastics. This natural protection allows items like plastic kettles to remain microplastic-free, even after repeated use with tap water.
A COVID vaccine booster dose increased levels of neutralizing antibodies against all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. The boost was sustained for at least eight weeks and generated high-level protection against severe disease, suggesting a strong immune memory response and potentially longer lasting immunity.
A new IU study finds that adults with substance use disorders who smoke cigarettes have nearly twice the rate of serious psychological distress compared to those without substance use disorder. The research emphasizes the importance of treating smoking, substance use, and mental health problems consistently.
A new four-year study identifies appropriate ethical and policy guidance for translational xenotransplantation kidney clinical trials. The research team will develop recommendations and decision aids for transplant candidates, clinicians, and institutional review boards reviewing xenotransplantation protocols.
A team of researchers at EPFL and Purdue University has developed a magnetic-free optical isolator using integrated photonics and micro-electromechanical systems. This device can couple to and deflect light propagating in a waveguide, mimicking the effects of magnet-driven isolators without requiring magnetic fields.
Researchers are using social neuroscience to study how individual brains synchronize during group interactions, revealing key findings on animal cognition and collective decision-making. This new approach has implications for understanding human social intelligence and the potential for virtual collective dynamics.
A team of scientists developed a photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy (PDFS) to analyze atmospheric gas composition. The method provides range-resolved spectra of CO2 and HDO over 6 km, offering insights into chemical processes in the atmosphere.
A new study reveals that early dinosaurs, such as Mussaurus patagonicus, likely formed complex herds with adults foraging and taking care of young. Fossils found in southern Patagonia indicate an age segregation, suggesting a larger community structure where adults shared in raising the whole community.
GSI/FAIR researchers aim to study properties of hypernuclei, which could shed light on neutron star phenomena. The WASA detector will help determine binding energy and lifetimes with higher detection efficiency.
A 'raptor-like' dinosaur was actually a timid, long-necked herbivore, according to recent reanalysis of fossil footprints found in an Australian coal mine. The Prosauropod, a plant-eating dinosaur with legs about 1.4 metres tall and a body length of six metres, is the earliest evidence of its kind in Australia, marking a 50-million-yea...
Researchers have synthesized a novel organic peroxide mechanophore that releases fluorescence in response to mechanical stress. The compound, bis(9-methylphenyl-9-fluorenyl) peroxide (BMPF), was incorporated into a polymer network and found to retain its ability to release a fluorescent molecule when subjected to grinding or compression.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have developed a test to detect measurable residual disease (MRD) in children treated for medulloblastoma, identifying those at risk of relapse earlier than traditional imaging scans. The study found that cell-free DNA in cerebrospinal fluid can be used to predict relapse and potenti...
Researchers from the University of Oklahoma are leading a global study to understand the impact of increased nutrients on soil microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions in grasslands worldwide. The project aims to develop new mathematical models to predict how nutrient changes affect soil microbe diversity and functions.
A new model suggests that integrating massive offshore wind generation, power storage, electric vehicles, green hydrogen production, and expanded transmission can reduce costs of renewable power integration into the grid. This strategy could make achieving China's carbon neutrality by 2050 feasible without significantly increasing costs.
A nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccine has elicited potent and broad immune responses in mice, neutralizing all major SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta variant. The experimental vaccine's design engages the immune system more robustly than other strategies.
A study found that over half of double-vaccinated blood cancer patients have poor immune responses to COVID-19. Despite being vaccinated, these patients remain vulnerable to severe infection and are urged to continue wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.
Scientists at Lewis Katz School of Medicine discovered that reintroducing the protein LIN28 into adult heart stem cells improves their chances of survival. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for heart disease using stem cell therapy.
Researchers develop solid-state battery material derived from trees, offering improved ion conductivity and potential solutions to safety concerns. The new material could enable the mass market adoption of solid-state battery technology.
Experts warn of a crisis in sex education due to the continued creation and endorsement of abstinence-only curricula. Comprehensive sex education is proven to promote sexual health among adolescents, but its delivery has declined over the last 25 years.
A new study maps global cropland nitrous oxide emissions and finds that reducing fertilizer application over 20% of the world's croplands could achieve 65% of global mitigation potential. The research identifies hotspots of high emissions in humid subtropical regions, where climate and soil characteristics play a significant role.
Researchers used Hubble Space Telescope observations and theoretical models to study a broader population of hot Jupiters. The study provides insight into planet formation and suggests that these planets contain similar sets of molecules, including water and carbon monoxide.
Scientists at the University of Groningen developed wearable, stitchable, and sensitive sensors from flexible polymers and carbon fibre. These sensors can measure body position, movement, and touch, offering new possibilities for health monitoring and athlete performance tracking.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have identified a new molecule called 4-OI that can limit the production of prostaglandins from macrophages. This discovery could lead to the development of new anti-inflammatory compounds for treating diseases such as COVID-19 and sleeping sickness.
A study of 193 patients with severe acute brain injury found significant discordance between physicians and families regarding patient recovery prospects. The disagreement often stemmed from differing expectations about the likelihood of independence after injury.
A new study assesses Africa-wide great ape populations and finds that human activities, such as GDP, roads, and population density, are the strongest factors predicting abundance. Only 10.7% of predicted apes were found in areas with high levels of legal protection.
A novel reassortant H10N3 avian influenza virus emerged in Eastern China, exhibiting high pathogenicity and respiratory droplet transmissibility to mammals. The virus was isolated from poultry and showed affinity for both avian-type and human-type receptors, posing a significant threat to public health.
A new study shows that boosting nonhuman primates with the Moderna vaccine six months after their primary series increases neutralizing activity against viral variants of concern. The boost sustained antibody responses for at least eight weeks, suggesting significant B cell memory induced by primary vaccination.
A UBC study found that children living in areas with high greenspace exposure showed better overall development than peers with less access. Greenspaces reduce the negative impacts of air pollution and noise on children's health and development.
Researchers at the University of Iowa study photon properties to predict secure quantum communication limits. They describe new quantum codes that rely on indistinguishable photons, enabling fast and secure data transmission in a potential 'quantum internet'.
A survey of 299 adults and three experiments with over 1,324 participants found that 86% would get vaccinated if required for work, travel, or school. Vaccination requirements strengthened intentions to vaccinate, even among those who tend to react negatively to regulations.
A team of researchers from Tohoku University discovered a unique, purely two-dimensional Mott insulator phase that is extremely robust against various perturbations such as heating. This breakthrough has significant implications for realizing monolayer charge-density wave-Mott insulator-based devices operating at room temperatures.
Researchers developed a new mechanism of adsorption called mechanisorption, which can store significant amounts of energy by recruiting molecules onto surfaces at high concentrations. This breakthrough has implications for energy storage, controlled release, and environmental remediation.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significant growth potential across various medical applications, including cardiology and dermatology. Miniaturized OCT systems are expected to revolutionize healthcare with compact, mobile, and cost-effective devices.
Scientists successfully controlled photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) in three-dimensional space and time domain, opening up new possibilities for studying light-matter interactions and developing innovative photonic devices.
A new, bacteria-based system can detect cancer cells and release therapeutic drugs directly into them, leaving healthy cells intact. The technology has shown promising results in preclinical tests on mice, particularly for liver cancer.
A team of researchers from Japan has developed a platform using nanofibers to capture and control the migration of brain tumor cells, including glioblastoma multiforme. The study found that varying fiber densities can slow or speed up cell movement, leading to the creation of 'cell traps' that can restrict tumor cell growth.
Researchers developed an electrochemical strategy for hydrogenation of N-heterocycles over a bifunctional MoNi4 electrode, achieving high Faradaic efficiency and selectivity. The method uses water as a hydrogen source, avoiding flammable gases and toxic substances.
Researchers suggest that cognition is a group activity, not an individual one. Studies show brain regions activated in people communicating or cooperating on tasks, highlighting the need to look beyond individual brains.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) triggers cognitive and psychiatric symptoms through gut-brain axis response, study finds. The gut's vascular barrier closing may impair brain function and hinder communications between organs.
Researchers identified a new family of marine megaphages with genomes over 650 kb in length, which could impact biogeochemical cycling. These 'megaphages', found in the English Channel, are distantly related to human gut phages and represent a new family in the marine environment.
Scientists at Einstein College of Medicine have successfully suppressed HIV infections in mice using a novel treatment strategy that boosts the immune system's CD8+ T cells. The therapy, known as synTac, selectively targets HIV-infected T cells, eliminating them from the body and offering a potential path to a functional cure for HIV.
A modelling study suggests that COVID-19 could lead to the collapse of a population of mountain gorillas living in Volcanoes National Park. The risk is higher due to lower availability of treatments for gorillas, but measures like mask-wearing and vaccination can limit transmission.
Research reveals that intense ivory poaching during the Mozambican Civil War led to a rapid increase in tusklessness among female African elephants. The study found a sex-linked genetic origin for this trait, with whole-genome analysis identifying key candidate genes involved in mammalian tooth development.
A University of Michigan-led team discovered how mollusks build pearls with precise symmetry and layers, governed by the phenomenon of 1/f noise. The study found that pearls lack true long-range order but exhibit medium-range order, maintaining consistency and durability.
Scientists have designed a compact photonic circuit that uses sound waves to control light, outperforming previous alternatives and optimizing compatibility with atom-based sensors. The new device is simple in design, uses common optical materials, and can be adapted for different wavelengths of light.
Two studies confirm that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces both COVID-19 hospitalization rates and severe illnesses among adolescents aged 12-18. A CDC-supported study found two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to be 93% effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Toshiba has developed the world's first chip-based quantum key distribution (QKD) system, enabling mass manufacture of quantum security technology. This advancement will bring quantum cryptography to a wider range of scenarios, including IoT solutions.
Researchers at University of Cambridge have developed lab-grown mini brains that can mimic the development of motor neurone disease and frontotemporal dementia. The models, grown for up to 340 days, provide valuable insights into early stages of these devastating conditions.
Researchers found that blood flow simulation analysis can identify device-related thrombosis risks in left atrial appendage occluders. Personalized simulations before and after operation may improve patient outcomes.
A new study has shown that a commonly prescribed antidepressant for agitation in people with dementia is no more effective than a placebo and may even increase mortality. The research found no improvement in agitation symptoms among those taking mirtazapine, a drug previously thought to be beneficial.
Research from University of Pennsylvania team shows that vaccine mandates have positive effects on vaccination intentions, particularly for those who oppose forced behavior. Mandates strengthen vaccination intentions, regardless of racial or ethnic group, and for individuals with a disposition towards psychological reactance.
Research reviews show that back pain in space is often sciatica, a form of back pain radiating down the legs. Astronauts experience changes in spine curvature due to microgravity, leading to acute and chronic pain upon return to Earth.
Researchers discovered that bacteria exchange mobile genetic elements to defend against viruses, enabling rapid evolution of innate immunity and development of resistance. This finding has significant implications for designing phage-based therapies against bacterial infections.
Researchers demonstrated record-long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over a 605-kilometer fiber using twin-field QKD and new signal stabilization technique. This achievement enables the transmission of highly secure information between cities.
Researchers uncover two new species, a small lizard (Sciroseps pawhuskai) and a fish (Anomoeodus caddoi), from the Lower Cretaceous Holly Creek Formation in southwest Arkansas. The discovery provides valuable insights into the diversity of animals living during the Early Cretaceous Period.
Researchers from the TiPES project use algebraic topology to analyze climate models, revealing abrupt transitions and potential tipping points. This method may help predict when the climate system will shift due to global warming.
Researchers found fossilized embryos of the same species inside eggs, indicating a herd-like behavior. The site showed a well-organized herd structure, with dinosaur babies' fossils near the nests and juveniles grouped together.