Researchers at MIT have invented a new type of amputation surgery that reconnects muscle pairs, allowing patients to regain sensory feedback and control their residual muscles. This restored sense of proprioception translates to better control of prosthetic limbs and reduced limb pain.
A study published in Oncotarget found that hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers increase chemotherapy effectiveness in non-small cell lung cancer. PolyHb administration attenuates tumor growth without alleviating hypoxia, suggesting a potential strategy to enhance cisplatin sensitivity.
A study of 36,590 patients found that many fractures are potentially preventable by identifying those at greatest risk and initiating proven interventions. By improving the use of existing databases, billions of euro in healthcare costs could be saved annually by 2040.
A new study has sequenced the capuchin monkey genome, uncovering genetic clues about their long lifespan and large brains. The researchers identified genes associated with DNA damage response, metabolism, and insulin signalling, which may contribute to their longevity.
Researchers have created an algorithm called SCEPTTr that predicts the stability of collagen triple helices, a critical structure in skin, bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The program expands on previous work to understand natural amino acids and provides detailed melting temperatures for each possible combination of sequences.
Researchers studied Himalayan songbirds and found that those living at higher elevations have more fluffy down feathers than lower-elevation birds. Smaller-bodied birds with longer feathers in proportion to their body size also tend to have thicker insulation.
A large-scale study published in the BMJ found that genetic testing technology widely used by commercial companies is unreliable in detecting very rare variants. The study analyzed data from nearly 50,000 people and found that the technology produced false positive results for rare disease-causing genetic variants in over 80% of cases.
A new study suggests that a 15-million-year journey was aided by a drop in atmospheric CO2 levels around 214 million years ago. The lower CO2 may have reduced climatic barriers, making it easier for sauropodomorph dinosaurs to migrate from Argentina and Brazil to Greenland.
A team of researchers has proposed a new composite foundation system using inexpensive polymeric materials to protect structures sitting on deep foundations. The novel technique uses geotextile layers to isolate the building from the ground, reducing impact of large ground deformations due to fault rupture.
Soil organic carbon turnover is linked to temperature and precipitation patterns, suggesting that monitoring riverine carbon can track climate change impacts; this study provides new insights into the relationships between climate, soil carbon, and global carbon cycles.
A team of researchers from the University of Portsmouth discovered a massive ancient fish fossil, estimated to be around 5 meters long, which is the largest of its type ever found. The fossil, composed of many thin bony plates arranged like a barrel, was identified as a coelacanth, a species believed to be extinct for millions of years.
Researchers demonstrate that anionic polymers can inactivate human coronaviruses quickly and efficiently, with full inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 possible in just 5 minutes.
Researchers found that managing pot fishing intensity at an optimum level increases quality of catch, benefits environment, and makes industry more sustainable. The study provides evidence of a 'threshold' for pot fishing intensity, highlighting compatibility with marine conservation when managed correctly.
The invasive spotted wing drosophila prefers to lay its eggs in places that no other flies have visited, raising questions about how it detects virgin territory. This finding could inform the development of new pest-control techniques and mitigate significant crop losses.
The US Department of Agriculture has underestimated the true magnitude of farmland erosion in the Corn Belt, which has lost nearly 30 million acres of its carbon-rich topsoil. Researchers used remote sensing to quantify the previously underestimated erosion, highlighting the need for tillage erosion inclusion in soil loss models.
A new study found that altering the gut microbiome can take a patient with advanced melanoma who has never responded to immunotherapy and convert them into responders.
A new study published in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery found that aspirin is a safer alternative to warfarin for preventing blood clots in children after Fontan surgery. Patients on aspirin had lower risks of bleeding and poorer bone mineral density compared to those on warfarin.
Visually impaired athletes are at higher risk for sleep disorders due to stress from competition activities and late wake-up times. Researchers found that approximately one-third of respondents had sleep disorders, highlighting the need for strategies to improve relationships and adjust wake-up times.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology has developed ultra-high refractive index lenses using visibly transparent amorphous silicon. The new material allows for the control of all visible light colors, enabling more efficient and cost-effective virtual and augmented reality devices.
Researchers found higher than expected genetic changes in a group of 100 MND patients, suggesting routine genetic testing may be beneficial. The study recommends genetic testing for all MND patients, regardless of family history, to improve disease subclassification and tailored treatments.
The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rates compared to sunitinib in untreated patients with metastatic kidney cancer. The study results demonstrate the importance of immune checkpoint inhibitors in first-line treatment.
A SWOG Cancer Research Network trial found cabozantinib to be the most effective treatment for patients with metastatic papillary kidney cancer, with a median progression-free survival of 9.2 months compared to 5.6 months with sunitinib. Additionally, 23% of patients experienced significant tumor reduction with cabozantinib.
A new study reveals that Bantu-speaking communities in the Congo rainforest underwent a major population collapse from 1600 to 1400 years ago, possibly due to a prolonged disease epidemic. This finding challenges the commonly held belief of continuous settlement and affects seven present-day African countries.
A Berkeley Lab team successfully simulated a complex aspect of particle collisions using a quantum algorithm, accounting for neglected quantum effects. The researchers' approach meshes quantum and classical computing, allowing for efficient resources and improved accuracy.
Funding for surgeon scientists has increased by 40% in terms of both numbers and amounts since 2010, despite overall NIH funding decreases and an increase in demand for clinical productivity. Basic science research has also remained stable, with 70% of grants focused on basic science.
A study by researchers at the University of Gothenburg has successfully mapped the mechanism behind cellular communication in metabolic processes. The findings can potentially improve understanding of type 2 diabetes and its underlying mechanisms, allowing for the development of new medicines.
Researchers have designed and synthesized short chains of amino acids that function like minimized soluble chemokine receptors, blocking atherosclerosis in animal models. These peptides selectively inhibit pathways underlying the disease while sparing beneficial physiological processes.
Space radiation poses significant risks to astronaut cardiovascular health, including myocardial remodeling, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Research highlights the potential of antioxidant treatments, such as vitamin C and spinach, to protect astronauts from space-induced damage.
Researchers develop new strategy to stop glioblastoma cell growth by inhibiting PRMT5 enzyme, leading to cellular senescence and tumor suppression. The study provides hope for treating this deadly brain cancer with a new class of drugs.
Scientists identified how harmless E. coli gut bacteria in chickens can acquire genes to become life-threatening infections, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and increasing antibiotic resistance. The study warns of the risk of such infections crossing over to infect humans.
A study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that individuals who do not exercise have a higher risk of dying immediately from a heart attack. Regular physical activity was associated with a lower risk of instant and 28-day fatal heart attacks, with moderate to high levels of activity showing significant benefits.
Researchers found that high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation did not significantly impact symptom length or reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study suggests that treatment with these supplements may be ineffective against the virus.
Researchers discovered that immunomodulatory drugs like lenalidomide and pomalidomide starve cancer cells by destabilizing essential surface proteins, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. This finding opens up new possibilities for targeted therapies in multiple myeloma.
A NIH study found that face masks increase humidity in inhaled air, which can benefit the immune system and combat respiratory diseases like COVID-19. The humidifying effects of masks vary depending on temperature and mask type, with thick cotton masks leading to the most increased level of humidity.
Researchers developed a bioactive coating that sequentially turns on and off inflammation on bone implants under osteoporotic conditions. The coating harnesses the power of immune responses to enhance implanting efficacy without increasing the number or stimulating function of bone cells.
The American College of Cardiology recommends prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for patients with advanced cardiovascular disease over those with well-managed conditions. The policy statement considers exposure risks, clinical risks, and disparities among racial and ethnic groups and socioeconomic levels.
A new study found that male fruit flies with the most impressive sexual ornamentation also have super sperm that can outcompete rivals in the post-mating fertilization game. The researchers discovered a strong link between the males' competitive success at passing on their genes even after a female fly has mated with other flies.
A study published in Nature Communications found that green tea compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preserves the tumor-suppressing protein p53 from degradation. This interaction increases p53 levels, which can aid in DNA repair and destroy cancerous cells.
A researcher from Ural Federal University developed a new approach to solving optimal control problems for groups of objects. By applying the concept of dynamic stability, he created partial differential equations that predict the behavior of multiple agents in conflict situations.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a platform to visualize hydrogels' hidden workings in soils, revealing that the amount of water stored is controlled by a balance between swelling force and soil pressure. This study provides guidelines for designing hydrogels that can optimally absorb water depending on soil conditions.
The study found that LXR activation inhibits the production of chemokines Ccl17 and Ccl22, which recruit regulatory T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment. This leads to a decrease in Treg numbers and slower tumor growth.
A new study found that children with high behavioral inhibition in toddlerhood were more likely to experience worry dysregulation and elevated anxiety in young adulthood. This research could help predict who is at greatest risk of developing anxiety during stressful life events and inform prevention efforts.
Researchers at Bangor University discovered that birds displaced beyond their normal migratory route can still use the Earth's magnetic signature to find their way back, a feat known as true navigation. The Eurasian reed warbler was found to be able to extrapolate its position from magnetic signals even when far beyond familiar territory.
A new paper evaluates the PJM Interconnection, finding that extreme temperatures affect generator output and capacity requirements. Monthly procurement targets can reduce reserve margins and economic costs.
A new class of antibiotic-drug conjugate (ADC) drugs has been found to significantly increase the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer. The study, led by Queen Mary University of London, showed that the drug reduced the risk of death by 30% compared to chemotherapy, with a median survival time of approximately 13 months.
The study found that serological tests detecting previous SARS-CoV-2 infection varied in their ability to accurately identify infected individuals. Researchers analyzed existing clinical data and identified factors influencing test performance.
Lora Harris will research estuarine ecology in Finland, while Christina Goethel will teach and conduct research on Arctic ecosystems in Iceland. Both awardees aim to address global environmental challenges through international collaboration.
Karen DeLong, UTIA Associate Professor, received the SAEA Emerging Scholar Award for her research and publication activity. Her work focuses on livestock economics, agricultural policy, and international trade, with over $4.7 million in grant funding.
Burton C. English, a UTIA professor, received the SAEA Lifetime Achievement Award for his significant and enduring contributions to the agricultural economics profession. He is recognized internationally as an expert in bioenergy research and has made substantial impacts on sustainable aviation fuel development.
Astronomers have discovered three hot worlds larger than Earth in the Pisces-Eridanus stream, a collection of young stars. The planets, TOI 451 b, c, and d, are expected to retain much of their atmospheres despite intense heat from their nearby star.
A new AI algorithm has demonstrated the ability to accurately diagnose skin melanoma, rivaling that of experienced dermatologists. The study used machine learning to analyze 937 images and 200 cases, with results showing no significant difference between human dermatologists and the algorithm in making classifications.
A low-cost drone-based photogrammetry method has been developed to estimate plant biomass, explaining up to 47% of biomass variation in multispecies plots. The method uses aerial images and simple RGB cameras, making it a promising alternative to expensive LiDAR technology.
A landmark study reveals that airborne particulate matter is contaminated with tobacco smoke-driven particulates, with Nicotelline identified as a suitable marker. The study shows a ubiquitous presence of Nicotelline even at low concentrations, with geographical variability linked to population density and tobacco use prevalence.
A new study found that a gene-based blood test can accurately monitor treatment progress in people with late-stage melanoma, allowing for swift treatment modification and potentially saving lives. The test targets the most common mutations in melanoma cells, detecting DNA fragments released by dying tumor cells.
Research on T cells reveals that prolonged exposure to antigens can lead to exhaustion, reducing their ability to contribute to immune responses. A new model study identifies dynamic adjustments in T helper cells' states of exhaustion and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers have identified a potential revolutionary drug combination that is 'spectacularly effective' in eradicating DIPG cancer cells. The treatment, a combination of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and AMXT 1501, was found to be highly effective in animal studies and pre-clinical testing.
A collaboration between George Mason University and Rutgers Cancer Institute aims to validate a new test for measuring HER2 biomarkers, which can predict patient response to treatment. The test uses advanced technology to analyze tissue samples and identify specific therapies for individual patients.
To ensure an effective global immunization strategy against COVID-19, vaccines must be produced at scale, priced affordably, and allocated globally. The authors assess the potential contribution of leading vaccines using a traffic light system, highlighting production challenges and the need for equitable distribution. Governments and ...
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a new method to produce sustainable hydrogen using composite polymer nanoparticles. The 'polymer dots' showed promising performance and stability in laboratory tests, with a 7% efficiency rate at 600 nanometres.
A recent brain-and-behavior study investigates how humans perceive and respond to faces with anomalies, finding that the 'anomalous-is-bad' stereotype manifests in brain responses and attitudes, with the amygdala playing a key role.