Researchers have developed a novel graphene-based electro-absorption modulator with improved static and dynamic modulation efficiency. The device operates at high-speeds while maintaining low power consumption, achieving a record-breaking 39GHz bandwidth.
Researchers at Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University developed a method for creating thin films using reactive pulsed laser deposition. The resulting films reduced friction by over 10 times, with applications in industries like space technology and instrument building.
Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new anode material using lead and carbon that outperforms current graphite anodes with twice the energy storage capacity. The new design enables stable performance during cycling and improves overall battery efficiency.
A team led by Masato Shirasaki applied a reconstruction method to turn back the cosmic clock and remove gravitational effects from simulated universes. They found that their method can correct for gravitational effects and improve constraints on primordial density fluctuations.
A new five-year study of over 100,000 people in Wales found that those from deprived backgrounds have worse asthma outcomes, including higher hospital admissions and risk of death. The study highlights the need for targeted health education strategies to improve asthma management in these communities.
A recent study led by McGill University found that the Pacific and Caribbean crocodile populations have been separated for approximately 100,000 years, contradicting previous expectations of 3 million years. This discovery was made possible by reconstructing Ice Age sea levels and analyzing genetic variations in the crocodiles' genomes.
Researchers propose new model to accurately represent iceberg melt speed, with implications for oceanographers and climate scientists. Icebergs do not melt uniformly but at different speeds depending on shape.
Researchers from Rutgers University discovered that clouds can carry bacteria and algae, which could impact human health and ecosystems. The study found various types of algae, including cyanobacteria, in cloud water and rainwater collected from France, highlighting the need for further research on these microorganisms.
Scientists investigate rhythmic changes in yeast cells' hydrogen peroxide levels and find that inactivating peroxiredoxin decouples cell division from metabolism. This discovery could provide insights into uncontrolled cell division in tumor cells.
New research suggests climate change, not overhunting by humans, led to the extinction of mammoths and other megafauna in North America. The findings, based on a new statistical modelling approach, show that drastic temperature swings around 13,000 years ago initiated the decline and extinction of these massive creatures.
A team of researchers found that protein imbalance leads to cataract formation by causing proteins to clump together and become cloudy. The study provides new insights into the causes of this common eye ailment, which may lead to the development of new treatment methods.
A new study from Northwestern Medicine and the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that children born to mothers with suboptimal cardiovascular health during pregnancy are at higher risk for early declines in their own cardiovascular health, including heart attacks, strokes, and premature deaths.
Researchers from HKU have discovered evidence of a reduced atmosphere on ancient Mars, dating back 3.5 billion years. The team used infrared remote sensing and spectroscopy to analyze mineralogy and geochemistry of ancient rocks, revealing weathered conditions indicative of a reducing environment.
A new study from the University of York shows that common weed killers can increase the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil. Herbicides are found to favour bacterial species carrying antibiotic resistance genes, potentially changing microbial community properties.
Researchers created a model to identify patients with high-risk prostate cancer who will benefit from the PSMA PET scan. The study found that patients with a Gleason score of 9 or 10 and high percent positive cores are most likely to benefit from the scan.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University developed a new 3D-bioprinting approach, FRESH, which enables advanced tissue fabrication by holding bioinks in place until they are cured. This method solves the distortion problem of soft and liquid bioinks, enabling the creation of functional adult-sized tissues and organs.
Elena Manresa and David Schneider, NYU faculty members, have been awarded Sloan Foundation Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking work in economics and neuroscience. The fellowships recognize their creative leadership and independent research achievements.
An Australian-led team of physicists successfully created sloshing quantum liquids, revealing wavy motion and superfluid properties. The experiment provided insights into the speed of sound and potential effects on superfluidity, shedding light on a promising hybrid light-matter system for ultra-low-energy electronics.
Researchers at USC are developing a virtual mentor platform, CareerFair.ai, using AI to amplify the effects of STEM mentors. The platform aims to improve retention and diversity in STEM fields by providing students with personalized conversations with real-life professionals.
Researchers identified a nontransitive evolutionary sequence in a 1,000-generation yeast experiment. The study found that an evolved clone outcompetes its recent ancestor but loses to a distant ancestor due to multilevel selection acting on both the yeast nuclear genome and an intracellular RNA virus.
Researchers have developed a method to synthesize N-C axially chiral compounds, which have promising applications in medicine and agriculture. The team's breakthrough enables the creation of highly enantioselective syntheses using chiral catalysts, leading to potentially useful compounds with therapeutic properties.
An international team of researchers solved a puzzling phenomenon involving vortex-like structures in the Cold Spray deposition process. The discovery, published in Materials & Design, reveals that these structures form when the CS process has low deposition efficiency, leading to improved adhesion between coatings and substrates.
Burke-Spolaor plans to use the fellowship funding to launch exploratory projects on gravitational waves and fast radio bursts. She aims to expand her work internationally through partnerships with the International Pulsar Timing Array.
A team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh is developing a new model to predict the risk of human aneurysms, using mechanical testing and biomechanical simulations. They aim to identify patients at high risk of rupture and improve patient prognosis by guiding surgical intervention.
Researchers found that native Russian speakers can precisely predict specific words and grammatical properties of words, with neural network models showing comparable precision. The study also discovered that the neural network predicts low-probability words better than humans and predicts high-probability words worse than humans.
The global polio eradication initiative is facing setbacks due to ongoing outbreaks in Afghanistan and Pakistan, despite significant progress made since 2015. The recent special issue of Risk Analysis evaluates the GPEI strategies and finds that the initiative was off track even before the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted immunization activ...
Scientists at IPC PAS designed a novel solution by accelerating ion transport in narrow pores to charge supercapacitors faster. They presented slit-like pores with sizes slightly larger than ions and achieved promising results through complex computer simulations and experiments.
A team of researchers from Flinders University and the South Australian Museum discovered a new species of skink, Proegernia mikebulli, in the Namba Formation deposits. The fossil, named after Professor Mike Bull, is Australia's oldest known lizard, dating back to 25 million years ago.
A study by researchers at the University of Basel found that regular caffeine intake can change the gray matter of the brain, but these effects are temporary. The study involved 20 healthy young individuals who were given caffeine or placebo tablets for two 10-day periods, with no sleep disruption observed.
Scientists have identified CD161 as a potential new target for immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma. The molecule suppresses the cancer-fighting activity of immune T cells, but blocking its pathway enhances the killing of tumor cells and improves survival rates in animal models.
Skeletal muscle plays a key role in regulating body glucose levels and affects fat storage and metabolism. A new study found that Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is crucial for skeletal muscle fat uptake and utilization, leading to obesity and metabolic disease.
A study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to major US hurricanes. The results found a significant association between exposure to natural disasters and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
A study involving two participants with sensory impairments reveals that physical embodiment can occur without the sense of touch. Kim and Ian, who cannot feel touch, use visual information to develop a sense of their bodies. Their unconscious body representations differ from those of control subjects.
A recent study in Frontiers in Marine Science reveals the existence of stationary animals attached to a boulder on the sea floor beneath Antarctica's ice shelves. The discovery raises more questions than answers, such as how they got there and what they're eating.
A new tool using machine learning predictive modeling has been developed to predict the success of extubating ICU patients on intensive mechanical ventilation. The study analyzed data from over 1,000 patients and showed a significant reduction in reintubation rate from 9% to 1%.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have developed a method to communicate with a cloud of 100,000 nuclear quantum bits and sense their behavior using light and an electron. This technique enables the detection of a single quantum bit in the dense cloud with high precision.
Researchers find precordial thump, percussion pacing, and cough CPR have no benefit in saving lives; CPR remains the gold standard for cardiac arrest resuscitation. The study analyzed data from 23 previous studies and concludes that these techniques are not effective either in hospital or outside of it.
A research team from Leibniz-IZW found that water can be a vector for spreading mammalian viruses, with equine herpesviruses (EHV) remaining stable and infectious in water. The study suggests that viral stability in restricted freshwater sources enables their spread among animals, particularly during times of stress and congregation.
A study published in Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that mid-life cardiovascular disease prevention can protect against later dementia. The research suggests that controlling cardiovascular risk factors early on can reduce brain vulnerability to cognitive dysfunction.
A new report in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs found significant increases in marijuana use among California adolescents, especially those in historically low-risk groups. Researchers attribute this to the growing normativity of marijuana use due to legalization.
Engineers at UC San Diego developed a soft, stretchy skin patch that monitors cardiovascular signals and multiple biochemical levels in the human body. The patch tracks blood pressure, glucose, lactate, alcohol, and caffeine levels, providing a comprehensive overview of the wearer's health.
A new study questioned whether pub operators can consistently prevent COVID-19 transmission risks, despite physical and operational modifications. Researchers observed significant risks arising from close customer-staff interaction and intoxication, which were rarely addressed by staff.
Scientists have identified a gene responsible for varying cereal spike forms, offering a possible solution to increasing grain yields. The research focuses on the INT-M/DUB1 gene's ability to regulate meristem activity and determine lateral spikelet formation.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a new technique to discover tiny antibody fragments that can target different parts of a pathogen, making them effective against variants. This approach has the potential to quickly identify multiple potent nanobodies that can neutralize pathogens.
Researchers at the University of Sussex have created the tiniest microchips using graphene and other 2D materials through a process called 'nano-origami'. By crinkling graphene, they demonstrated that it can behave like a transistor, leading to smaller and faster devices.
Research from the Smidt Heart Institute found that women have a lower normal blood pressure range compared to men, with systolic pressures above 110mmHg associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study's authors recommend reassessing blood pressure guidelines to account for sex differences.
A machine-learning approach has been developed to identify repurposed drugs for COVID-19 treatment in elderly patients. The system accounts for changes in gene expression in lung cells caused by both the disease and aging, pinpointing the protein RIPK1 as a promising target.
Researchers have designed windows with a conjugated polymer layer that absorbs light and guides it to solar cells, generating electricity. The panels are more efficient at converting ambient LED light than direct sunlight.
The US Corn Belt has lost around 35% of its organic-rich A-horizon soil through agricultural erosion, leading to a 6% decline in crop yields and $2.8 billion annual economic losses.
A MU study found that implementing the Re-Engineered Discharge program in mid-Missouri nursing homes improved care coordination and reduced patient rehospitalization rates. The program's gradual training approach led to better implementation of discharge plans, resulting in lower readmission rates.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that Neanderthals used the same Nubian Levallois technology as Homo sapiens, pushing the southernmost known range of Neanderthals. The analysis of a fossil tooth and associated archaeological assemblage suggests a mixing ground between populations.
A team of scientists from RUDN University developed a new approach to automatic soil mapping using machine learning technologies. The method, which uses traditional rules for manual mapping, provides highly accurate results and easy-to-interpret maps, outperforming existing statistical models.
A randomized controlled trial found that Congressional offices with targeted support reported increased value of scientific evidence for understanding legislative issues. The intervention group introduced around 23% more bills using research evidence language and reported a 7% greater value of using research evidence compared to controls.
A study found dinosaurs' dispersal coincides with a significant drop in atmospheric CO2 levels around 214 million years ago. This suggests prior climatic barriers prevented their expansion into the Northern Hemisphere for 15 million years.
A study reveals that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, play a key role in the adaptation of native Peruvians to high altitudes. The findings show that early developmental exposures can have persistent impacts on DNA methylation patterns, leading to improved lung volumes and reduced susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary f...
Excitons can simultaneously show atomic-like and solid-like characteristics, with electrons and holes bound together in an atomic character or moving freely like waves in a solid. This discovery opens up new avenues for manipulating excitonic and materials' properties by light.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that Campylobacter strains C. coli and C. jejuni exchange genetic material, leading to increased virulence and antibiotic resistance. The study discovered 21 new Campylobacter strains in 2019, indicating a significant increase in the bacteria's drug resistance profile.
Researchers developed a statistical framework to test and quantify adaptation in complex biological systems, enabling prediction of evolutionary outcomes. The new framework allows for rigorous analysis of organism adaptation to their ecological niche, building bridges between mathematics and biology.
Researchers discovered that secondary organic aerosols can form quickly through oxidation of primary organic aerosols in humid conditions. This process may explain the decrease in secondary organic aerosol concentrations between 2013 and 2018.
A new study aims to predict the size and hazard potential of shallow landslides using airborne laser mapping and hillside physics. The model identifies factors affecting landslide size that can't be determined from aerial data, highlighting the need for ground-based assessments.