A new algorithm developed by researchers at the University of Copenhagen can detect unusual disease trajectories in COPD patients that may indicate a different diagnosis, such as lung cancer. The algorithm was trained on data from 284,000 patients and identified approximately 69,000 typical disease trajectories.
Researchers at Graz University of Technology develop a new method of contact discovery that significantly limits privacy threats, using intersection calculations and encryption protocols. The ContactGuard application stores encrypted address book entries on the mobile phone, preventing service providers from accessing sensitive data.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional challenges for pregnant people, new mothers, and their families. A new study found that those who gave birth during the pandemic experienced higher levels of psychological trauma, stress, and isolation due to confusion about hospital protocols and visitor restrictions. The lack of social sup...
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a higher risk of mortality in procedural units and during follow-up, compared to those without AD. However, elective revascularisation procedures showed similar outcomes for both groups.
Physicists have produced kagome graphene, a carbon-nitrogen compound with unusual electrical properties, including semiconducting behavior that can be switched on and off. The material's unique structure and strong electron interactions could lead to the development of sustainable electronic components.
Researchers found that high levels of antibodies against a specific part of the virus may be key to understanding immune response to COVID-19. Individuals with stronger antibody responses showed immune functions associated with natural protection, offering a promising avenue for vaccine development and effective global rollout.
Researchers found significant distribution disparities in coral reef fish species across trophic groups, with a disproportionate number of planktivores in the IAA. Planktivore species richness was highest near Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, but declined sharply outside the region.
Microplastics have been found in nearly all organisms and habitats worldwide, but the factors contributing to their influx and accumulation in water ecosystems are not yet fully understood. A new study developed a sediment trap method to analyze annual accumulation rates and possible seasonal variation, finding that microplastic flux r...
Researchers found that ivabradine, a heart failure medication, reduces heart rate and improves symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in patients with POTS. The study suggests that ivabradine may be an effective treatment option for COVID-19 long-haulers.
A new study has revealed that alligator hearts are able to maintain a normal rhythm despite extreme temperature changes, unlike mammals which can fibrillate under stress. This unique adaptation comes at the cost of reduced maximum heart rate and increased vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia.
Research suggests that lower testosterone during puberty increases the brain's sensitivity to it in adulthood. Men with lower testosterone levels throughout puberty showed greater brain activity in areas sensitive to faces when exposed to high levels of testosterone.
New research from Edith Cowan University found that exercise helps men with prostate cancer reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, regardless of the type or intensity of exercise. The study suggests that supervised exercise is more beneficial than unsupervised exercise in reducing psychological distress.
Research published online in the journal Heart found that recreational substance use is associated with a higher likelihood of premature and extremely premature heart disease. Those who use 4 or more substances are 9 times as likely to be affected, with increased risks observed among women.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a unique way to target human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a master at hiding from the immune system. A new type of antibody marks infected cells, allowing the immune system to see and kill them.
A new study finds that current protected areas may not be enough to protect biodiversity in a changing climate. Countries have not fully harnessed the potential of protected areas to adapt to climate change, and instead need to identify lands with high levels of biodiversity in areas where climate is changing slowly.
A new cloud simulation model developed by KAUST researchers captures atmospheric conditions and thermodynamic processes, allowing for more realistic simulation of cloud formation. The model can simulate various cloud types, including cumulonimbus clouds and supercell thunderstorms, with high accuracy.
A 270,000-year-old core from a Tasmanian lake provides the first Australian record of a geomagnetic excursion, where the Earth's magnetic field 'switched' and spectacular auroras were observed. This discovery has significant implications for understanding past climate change and developing new paleomagnetic dating tools.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland has identified two potential biomarkers, miR-9a-3p and miR-136-3p, which could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury. These microRNAs were found to be elevated in both animal models and human patients, suggesting their potential use in diagnosing the condition....
Researchers found a link between elevated cardiovascular risk and low brain metabolism in middle-aged individuals, with hypertension being the most closely associated factor. Atherosclerosis was also linked to lower brain metabolism, particularly in areas implicated in Alzheimer's disease.
A study of 19,732 participants found that using fillers dissimilar to the suspect increased correct identification without wrongly identifying innocents. This method may improve lineup accuracy and reduce wrongful convictions.
A team of researchers used a quantum computer to explore non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and demonstrated experimental results that are forbidden by regular Hermitian quantum theory. They also showed that entanglement can be altered in a way that is not possible under regular quantum physics.
Researchers developed a new method to visualize and quantify molecular processes in cells, revealing a ternary adhesion complex essential for cell attachment. The study provides insights into how individual proteins assemble and co-organize to form functional units.
A new study by Harvard researchers suggests that a comet originating from the Oort cloud was bumped off-course by Jupiter's gravitational field, increasing the rate of impacts on Earth. The theory provides a satisfactory explanation for the origin and composition of Chicxulub impactor, potentially shedding light on other similar craters.
A new study found that despite the life-altering disruption caused by COVID-19, many people continued to care deeply about pursuing their goals. Those who did exhibited creative strategies to overcome restrictions and uncertain times. The study provides valuable insights into how people coped psychologically during the pandemic.
Researchers at KIST Brain Science Institute and NYU discovered that hippocampus uses distinct information processing mechanisms to encode spatial information, including rate code and phase code. This understanding can improve diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders like Alzheimer's and amnesia, as well as inspire AI advancements.
Researchers used non-invasive microscopy to study coral-algal symbiosis, tracking changes in algal concentrations and biomolecules under varying environmental conditions. Shallow water corals produce more algae to compensate for reduced sunlight, while deeper waters rely on algal partners for photosynthesis.
This review article highlights the complex crosstalk between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), two key players in cancer progression. CSCs have been identified as the drivers of cancer initiation and progression, while TAMs create a protective microenvironment for CSC development and dissemination.
A new analysis published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that current psychological therapies for treating anorexia nervosa do not significantly differ from expert treatment as usual. This highlights the need for further research into more targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.
A new study from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry confirms that low-dose naltrexone is a good option for patients with orofacial and chronic pain, reducing pain intensity and improving quality of life. Low-dose naltrexone works by targeting sensitized nervous cells to reduce pain threshold and sensitivity.
A recent NIH study found that women are less likely to be represented as chairs and reviewers on study sections, especially in institutes with higher total funding. Women are also more likely to hold lower academic ranks and temporary memberships.
Scientists have developed a method to estimate the temperature of chemical reactions activated by plasmons, revealing that properties of plasmons depend on thermal effects and other factors. The study used organic molecules as ultra-small sensors, showing different temperatures for two molecules triggered by plasmon energy.
Scientists identify critical enzyme KDM4B as key factor in skeletal aging and bone loss, leading to brittle bones and fractures. The study provides promising insights into the development of strategies to reverse bone-fat imbalance and prevent osteoporosis.
A UK-based study using diffusion weighted imaging and machine learning successfully classified common types of pediatric brain tumors, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis. This non-invasive method has the potential to treat childhood brain tumors more efficiently with favorable outcomes.
A new study reveals nearly half of coronavirus patients experience symptoms of depression, particularly those with persistent symptoms and low family income. Researchers emphasize the need for improved mental health services in light of the pandemic's disruption to these vital resources.
Researchers found that selecting fillers who are facially dissimilar to the suspect enhances eyewitness ability to accurately identify the perpetrator, while protecting innocent suspects. The counterintuitive technique improves outcomes without affecting the number of false alarms.
A new study by UC Riverside found that California's commuters inhale unacceptably high levels of carcinogenic chemicals like benzene and formaldehyde. Prolonged commutes over 20 minutes increase the risk of disease, including cancer and birth defects.
A study in India found that human fatalities from wildlife conflict result in much higher damages than crop and livestock losses, highlighting the need to focus on reducing negative interactions with high-risk species. The researchers estimated that farmers in conflict with elephants suffer up to 900 times higher damages.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed human behavior, impacting data quality and quantity collected by birdwatching projects like eBird. Regional variations were found due to differing policy responses and environmental factors.
Researchers found significant differences in VOC concentrations and proportions vertically between winter and summer. Alkanes were the largest chemical species, primarily from gasoline combustion, which increased with altitude.
A study published in Nature suggests that limiting tumor cells' glucose consumption could improve immunotherapy efficacy by freeing up energy for immune cells. This approach may help overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade therapies, which have varying success rates.
Researchers have discovered that abnormal skeletal differentiation and remodelling are key causes of ciliopathic micrognathia in a chick model. The study sheds light on the etiology of human ciliopathic micrognathia, highlighting distinct cellular processes impaired during its onset.
Dopamine plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels, and its blockade by antipsychotic medications can lead to uncontrolled glucose production and obesity. The study reveals that pancreatic alpha cells produce dopamine, which acts on both insulin-producing beta cells and other receptors.
Researchers identified a protein, netrin-4, associated with tumour and vessel softness, which determines cancer spread even before cancer develops in several types. Removing or increasing this protein reduces cancer spread.
A team of scientists has discovered a planetary system with a backward-rotating star, K2-290, which exhibits stellar-planetary misalignment. The star's rotation is opposite to the planets' orbits, with a tilt of approximately 124° relative to their orbits.
Researchers have identified a key gene in zebrafish cardiac rhythm, which could lead to better understanding and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia in humans. The gene, Tmem161b, is found to play a central function in controlling heart rhythm, with mutations potentially causing fatal arrhythmias.
A Zika virus candidate, Ad26.ZIKV.001, showed promising safety and immunogenicity in a phase I clinical trial. The vaccine induced persistent neutralizing antibody responses and was found to be safe with mild to moderate reactogenicity. Researchers recommend further development of the vaccine should the need reemerge.
Acute cardiovascular care specialty focuses on critically ill cardiac patients with urgent conditions. ESC Acute CardioVascular Care 2021 presents novel findings on treating heart attacks, differences between men and women in cardiovascular disease, and life expectancy after a heart attack.
Researchers reveal how plant roots generate a distinct gradient of gibberellin, a key growth regulator. A mathematical model combined with experimental observations showed that elongation-zone cells produce high levels of GA synthesis and increased permeability contribute to the gradient.
Research highlights grandmothers' significant role in newborn care across collectivist cultures in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Despite this, initiatives focus primarily on young mothers and nuclear families, excluding grandmothers and their valuable knowledge and practices.
Researchers found that disrupting the effect of the tumor microenvironment on immune cells in mice allowed for shrinking tumors, prolonging survival and increasing sensitivity to immunotherapy. Silencing a key protein MCT1 caused tumor growth to slow down and killer T cells could attack cancer.
Researchers used advanced technique to study phenol reaction at air-water interface, revealing a 10,000-fold increase in reaction speed compared to bulk water. The findings could improve understanding of catalytic chemistry and its impact on the global environment.
Researchers developed an agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) that restored physiological feedback, enabling greater precision of movement and reducing pain in amputees. Studies showed improved muscle activity coordination and lower pain levels compared to traditional amputation procedures.
The study found that cell turnover and cost of resistance are important factors impacting adaptive therapy success, with higher cell density and smaller pre-existing resistance levels doing better under adaptive conditions. Researchers developed a mathematical model to visualize the dynamics of cell populations and competition between ...
Researchers at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) controls various aspects of cell growth in pollen tubes by influencing the distribution of enzymes and resulting effects on cytoskeleton stabilization and pectin secretion.
Researchers found that shrubs impact tundra soil microclimate, reducing moisture, temperature, and organic carbon stocks. This affects the global carbon cycle, as Arctic soils store significant amounts of belowground organic carbon.
Research by the University of Bristol team found that tropical paper wasps provide crucial support to extended family members, including helping neighboring nests. By observing twenty thousand baby wasps and their carers, the team discovered that workers become less useful as colony sizes rise due to a surplus of help.
Researchers have successfully measured back-reflection in cutting-edge hollow-core fibers, revealing a property that outperforms standard optical fibers. This discovery has the potential to improve internet performance and enhance various photonic applications.
Physicists at UC Riverside created moiré patterns by overlaying WS2 and WSe2 layers, leading to insulating states with varying electron occupancy fractions. Strong interactions between electrons restrict mobile electrons into local cells, resulting in insulating behavior. Similar behaviors can occur for other occupancy fractions.
New research finds that job opportunities in coastal cities across Bangladesh are attracting more people, leading to increased migration to the coast. Meanwhile, populations already living along the coast tend to stay due to limited alternatives and increased flood damage.
The study found that AKT isoforms have distinct expression patterns in triple-negative breast cancers, with AKT1 associated with invasiveness and sensitivity to drug treatment. Loss of AKT1 function was linked to reduced sensitivity to cisplatin, while the presence of AKT2 promoted stemness and invasion.