A systematic review of animal studies suggests that regular caffeine consumption can increase attention and retention capacity in people with ADHD. The study found improved concentration, learning benefits, and memory improvements without adverse effects on blood pressure or body weight.
Researchers developed a new framework to extract meaningful vectorial metrics from Mueller matrix elements, providing insights into exotic material characterization and precise cancer boundary detection. The framework establishes a universal metric for calculating different physical properties of target objects.
A new project at the University of Strathclyde aims to identify and diagnose speech disorders in primary school age children. The Variability in Child Speech (VariCS) project will analyze speech patterns in over 500 children to differentiate between typical and disordered speech.
A study published in eLife suggests that accelerated epigenetic age acceleration may increase the risk of bowel cancer. Biological age measured by an epigenetic clock was found to be associated with a 12% increased risk of bowel cancer, particularly colon cancer.
A recent study analyzing traditional and social media trends on biotechnology found a significant drop in the salience of the GMO issue between 2018 and 2020. The research suggests that misinformation about GMOs is losing its ability to persuade, even on social media.
A new study by Simon Fraser University finds that temporary nature-based carbon removal can lower global peak warming levels if complemented by aggressive emissions reductions. However, the stored carbon could be lost back to the atmosphere due to human activities like wildfires or deforestation.
Researchers have developed a new compound that prevents and treats COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant in mice. The compound, N-0385, blocks entry at the cell surface without causing detectable cell damage.
UCI engineers developed an adaptive composite material that regulates heat through reconfigurable metal structures. The material can be used in various applications, including temperature-controlled packages and cups, with potential benefits for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.
A novel class of bed net that kills mosquitoes resistant to traditional insecticides by making them unable to move or fly significantly reduces malaria infection in children. The study found a 43% reduction in malaria prevalence and 44% reduction in clinical episodes over two years.
A new study identifies the age-dependent formation of TMEM106B amyloid filaments in human brains, which may not be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers found these protein structures in older but not younger individuals, suggesting a potential role in aging and other pathologies.
A population study found a significant link between mothers' exposure to disinfectants during pregnancy and their children's risk of developing asthma or eczema. The study, published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine, suggests that prenatal exposure to disinfectants may exert an effect on allergies in offspring.
Researchers found that gene duplications can complicate crop improvements, with some plants showing little effect despite similar mutations. This study highlights the need to understand evolutionary changes in plant genomes to develop more predictable crop improvements.
A report by the British Pharmacological Society and Royal College of Physicians recommends integrating pharmacogenomic testing to ensure medicines work safely and effectively for individual patients. The UK is a world leader in genomic medicine, and expanded testing would further demonstrate this leadership.
A study analyzing 10 years of citizen science data on wildlife roadkill in Flanders found that some species are more prone to being killed by vehicles. The research used data from online platforms like Waarnemingen.be, which has collected over 90,000 roadkill records since 2008.
A study led by UCLA Health scientists finds that highly creative people's brains exhibit an atypical approach to connectivity, enabling them to bypass traditional hubs and form distant connections. This 'road less traveled' pattern is more efficient for creative thinking but may not be optimal in all situations.
Astrophysicists have witnessed the death throes of a red giant star named V Hydrae, which is expelling six slowly expanding molecular rings and an hourglass-shaped structure into space. The discovery challenges previous assumptions about star deaths, suggesting that the traditional model may be incomplete or incorrect.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology enhance the ZT of polycrystalline SnSe by introducing tellurium ions, increasing carrier concentration and reducing thermal conductivity. This breakthrough paves the way for high-performance thermoelectric materials.
A study led by University of Gothenburg researchers found that comprehensive preventive measures cut catheter-related urinary tract infections (UTIs) in frail elderly patients with hip fractures from 18% to 4%. The interventions included aseptic procedures, training videos, and knowledge testing.
A new Penn Medicine study suggests that clinically depressed older individuals without other inflammatory conditions do not have elevated levels of inflammation. The study found no significant difference in bloodstream levels of inflammatory markers between depressed and healthy individuals.
A randomized controlled study found that lack of sufficient sleep increased calorie intake and visceral fat area by 9% and 11%, respectively. The study suggests that inadequate sleep is a previously unrecognized trigger for visceral fat deposition, potentially contributing to obesity and metabolic diseases.
Researchers discovered solid aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere, which can alter cloud formation and impact climate. The unique particles were formed from oceanic emissions combined with ammonia from birds, offering new insights into climate models.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new approach to enable standard image sensors to capture light in three dimensions. The system uses acoustic resonance and piezoelectric properties of lithium niobate to modulate light, allowing for high-performance lidar capabilities in compact devices.
Experts warn that a global diet rich in ultra-processed foods is damaging human health directly and causing environmental degradation. The dominance of these foods is leading to declining agrobiodiversity, with fewer than 200 crop species accounting for over 66% of global food production.
Cell-to-cell variability in antibiotic stress response is found to increase as the number of rate-limiting steps in signaling pathways increases. This discovery could lead to more effective chemotherapies for cancer treatment.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that Black patients with cancer faced significantly poorer COVID-19 outcomes, including higher hospitalization rates and death tolls. Structural racism in healthcare systems is believed to be a key factor contributing to these disparities.
Three University of Central Florida researchers have been awarded multi-million-dollar projects by the US Department of Defense to advance hypersonic propulsion and improve semiconductor performance. The projects will focus on developing new technologies for ultra-fast intercontinental travel and making space travel more economical.
A Bayes Business School study found that supply chain professionals overestimate technology benefits and underestimate needs, leading to disappointment. The study offers a list of goals, constraints, and benefits to help managers better calibrate expectations.
A new study found that red-backed salamanders have limited ability to adjust to warming climates, with depressed metabolic rates in warmer conditions. This may lead to energy deficits and negatively impact individual growth and reproductive success.
A new test predicts sepsis soon after infection in mice, enabling early antibiotic treatment and markedly increased survival. The findings provide a platform for developing rapid clinical tests for early sepsis detection and intervention.
Researchers found that stimulating a specific area of the auditory cortex improved speech perception in an epilepsy patient, allowing them to decipher spoken sentences with clarity. The study used invasive brain stimulation to enhance speech detection over background noise.
Researchers using ALMA and Hubble Space Telescope observe V Hydrae, a carbon-rich star, expelling matter in six slowly-expanding rings and two hourglass-shaped structures. The discovery confirms the traditional model of AGB star death is incomplete or incorrect.
A new American Heart Association scientific statement finds that timely treatment can help avoid additional disability and health impacts in people with pre-existing disabilities or dementia. The statement also highlights the need for increased awareness of potential biases and improved patient-centered care.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism of action for extracellular vesicles in the development and progression of lymphomas. sPLA2 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages degrades EV-derived phospholipids, enhancing EV function and inducing vital phenomena. This discovery may lead to new drug targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed a new model to aid interpretation of atomic resolution molecular images. The Z-correlated molecular model accurately fits imaging data and helps chemists analyze electron microscope images without theoretical calculations.
Researchers developed a compound consisting of insulin bound to an antioxidant group, improving glucose consumption and brain function in mice with type 1 diabetes. The combination therapy showed better cognitive performance than individual treatments alone.
Mayo Clinic researchers propose a novel computational model that links Alzheimer's disease symptoms to brain anatomy, revealing a complex relationship between mental processing and brain function. The model uses machine learning to analyze patient brain imaging data and compresses complex brain anatomy into a conceptual framework.
Researchers at IOPCAS have synthesized a new compound Ba6Cr2S10, exhibiting ferroelectricity due to broken space-reversal symmetry. The discovery demonstrates the realization of a 1D ferrotoroidic model in a real material, opening doors for future quantum information technology.
A new study by North Carolina State University found that Facebook's interest profiling process is not accurate, resulting in targeted ads that may not align with users' actual interests. Researchers discovered that even simple activities like scrolling through a page can lead to inaccurate interest inference.
Researchers developed an automated auditory training program that enables marmoset monkeys to perform hearing tests in their familiar environment on a voluntary basis. The study demonstrates the animals' ability to abstract from learned sounds and suggests they are ideal model animals for hearing system research.
Researchers developed a passivation strategy to improve the performance of quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes by suppressing thermal-induced fluorescence quenching. The strategy, using alkyl phosphates as passivation functional groups, resulted in higher EQE peak values and improved device stability at high temperatures.
A team of US and Chinese researchers has directly measured how individual electronic quantum states in a kagome magnet respond to external magnetic fields, shifting energy in an unusual manner. They found that Dirac fermions exhibit momentum-dependent shifts under the applied field.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that increasing chaperone-mediated autophagy activity can prevent atherosclerosis by protecting macrophages and smooth muscle cells from damage. The study suggests that boosting CMA could be an effective strategy for curbing atherosclerosis and halting its progression, particular...
A new therapy combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and an anti-inflammatory drug may improve immune response in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The treatment activates cells to fight tumor growth, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients who don't respond to current treatments.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have found a natural fungus that can kill off local populations of tawny crazy ants, with 62% of infected populations disappearing entirely. The fungus is specific to crazy ants and has no effect on native species, making it a promising biocontrol agent for protecting sensitive habitats.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a new mechanism called strand displacement, where RNA strands invade and displace each other to enable genetic expression. This finding has potential implications for designing successful drugs to target RNA-based diagnostics and treating illness and disease.
A literature review found that spirituality can improve quality of life for heart failure patients, reducing depression and anxiety. Researchers are now working to develop a spirituality screening tool to identify patients at risk for spiritual distress.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a decline in ischemic stroke presentations and treatments in Alberta, with more out-of-hospital stroke deaths. Researchers attribute the decrease to hospital avoidance during the pandemic.
A new study published in AGU journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems suggests that Earth formed inside a solar nebula. The research found that vast stores of helium-3 from the Big Bang are leaking out of the Earth's core, providing evidence for this theory.
Researchers have created an online resource that maps the cell types and genes expressed in the human and mouse trigeminal ganglion, a key relay center for migraine and facial pain. The atlas identifies potential therapeutic targets that are selectively expressed in cells driving head pain.
A new study finds that flame-retardants and plasticizers are present in the oceans, harming marine organisms and potentially affecting human health. The substances, which are widely used in everyday products, can be transported from inland sources to coastal environments through air masses and ocean currents.
Researchers found that older killifish have less diverse circulating antibodies compared to younger fish, contributing to reduced immune function. This decrease in antibody diversity may lead to a reduced ability to respond to infections.
A University research team explored the impact of environmental conditions on remote sensing results. They found that light reflections vary by weed species and density, allowing for more accurate differentiation between crops and weeds.
A £1.25M project is building an interdisciplinary community of energy researchers based on equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) and accessibility. The IGNITE Network+ aims to transform diversity by critically evaluating systemic inequalities at each stage in the career pathways of energy researchers.
A new radiotracer containing zirconium-89 has significantly improved the accuracy of detecting localizing prostate cancer relapses. The technique allows for earlier treatment using precise radiation therapy, increasing patient survival rates.
Researchers at Boston University have developed optoacoustic neurostimulation with single neuron and subcellular level precision. Optoacoustic neuromodulation may offer advantages over ultrasonic neuromodulation, including higher spatial temporal resolution.
A Rutgers analysis of Medicare database found that two IV iron formulations have a much higher chance of provoking severe allergic attacks. The risk was highest for iron dextran and ferumoxytol, with rates three to eight times higher than ferric gluconate.
A study using longitudinal data from the Indian Young Lives survey found that low-birth-weight infants experienced lower test scores compared to normal birth weight infants. The study estimated a 10% increase in birth weight corresponds to a 0.11 standard deviation increase in cognitive test scores at ages 5-8 years.
A new study by University of Washington researchers explains why Antarctic sea ice retreats quickly during the summer months, finding that it follows simple rules of physics. The seasonal cycle is consistent, showing a fast retreat relative to slow growth.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University develop a sustainable alternative to transition metal catalysts for producing diaryl ethers, which are crucial for pharmaceutical applications. The new method uses a readily available starting material and achieves significantly higher yields and selectivity than existing techniques.
Physicists have made a peculiar discovery in which energy moves from a colder to a hotter region, creating counterintuitive edge currents. The research, published in Physical Review Letters, shows that these currents are remarkably robust and can occur in topologically trivial systems.