Articles tagged with Mammalian Cells
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Researchers have provided a detailed characterization of brain cortical cell diversity using Patch-seq technique. The study suggests that neurons within broad genetic families exhibit extensive anatomical and physiological diversity, highlighting the complexity of the brain's neural network.
Researchers used a trans-omic approach to map the total landscape of diabetes regulation in mice. They found that obese mice lack rapid responses to glucose and instead use slower methods like changing gene expression.
A study published in PNAS reports a breakthrough treatment for type 1 diabetes in mice, utilizing a combination of haploidentical mixed chimersim and administration of gastrin and epidermal growth factor. This approach successfully reversed autoimmunity, augmented beta cell regeneration, and normalized blood glucose levels by reactivat...
A team of researchers has discovered a novel gel-like state that enables male fruit flies to compensate for their single X chromosome. The mechanism, which involves the assembly of roX-MSL2 gel, allows the complex to distinguish and mark the X chromosome. This innovation sheds light on how dosage compensation is achieved in male flies.
Researchers used a technique called Patch-seq to capture data from over 4,200 mouse neurons, classifying them into 28 different types based on their morphology, electrical properties, and gene expression profiles. This new categorization lays the groundwork for a more complete understanding of the mammalian brain.
A recent brain study by Masaki Isoda and colleagues found that a specific connection between two regions in the front of the brain allows monkeys to correctly interpret social cues. This ability requires the PMv-mPFC pathway, which enables monkeys to differentiate between accidental mistakes and rule changes.
Biologists developed fluorescent mice to visualize protein kinase A (PKA) activation in the retina. They found that light stimulation activates PKA for nearly 15 minutes in rod cells, which are essential for night vision.
Researchers developed microscopic tracking devices to study cellular forces in mammalian cells, showing how development starts and potentially leading to understanding of aging and disease. The tiny devices measure forces exerted within the cell interior, providing unprecedented views into cellular behavior.
Researchers discovered a gene called PIEZO2 that helps the body sense when the bladder is full, leading to an urge to urinate. The study, published in Nature, found that PIEZO2 is highly active in certain neurons and cells that line the bladder, suggesting its role in controlling the urinary process.
A new study from UNC-Chapel Hill reveals that the swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) strain has the potential to spread to humans. The virus efficiently replicates in human airway and intestinal cells, raising concerns about its threat to public health.
A research team has identified p16 high cells detectable in all organs, enriched with age, that fail to proliferate and exhibit heterogeneous senescence-associated phenotypes. Eliminating these cells improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related conditions.
A new study reveals that mouse ependymal cells have latent potential to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, which provide protective insulation for neural wiring. This finding suggests an alternative approach to spinal cord repair by leveraging resident stem cells.
Scientists at Boston University's NEIDL and CReM developed living human lung cells from stem cells to study COVID-19's impact on the lungs. They found that NFkB pathway activation triggers deadly levels of lung inflammation, leading to a search for new therapeutics.
Researchers have discovered that mitochondrial RNA's are packaged into tiny liquid droplets that can fuse together and break apart, providing insight into the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genetics. This finding is crucial for understanding how cells produce energy and has implications for diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria.
Researchers create micro-scaffolds that stretch cells, triggering a response to external forces. The cells counteract deformation with motor proteins, increasing their tensile forces and adapting to dynamic environments.
The segmentation clock, which governs embryonic body pattern formation, progresses more slowly in humans than in mice. Human cells exhibit slower degradation rates and longer transcription/translation times for the HES7 protein.
Researchers presented new findings on chemosensation, including understanding odors through synthetic smells, the evolutionary mechanism of olfaction, and decreased sense of smell leading to depression. The symposium aimed to foster research and understanding of the chemical senses in humans and animals.
Researchers identified a previously unknown subset of Type III cells that are broadly responsive to different tastes, revolutionizing our knowledge of taste detection. This discovery provides new insights into how taste information is sent to the brain and suggests that taste buds are more complex than initially thought.
Researchers developed a genetically engineered mouse to visualize fluctuations in circadian clocks of cell types. They found that removing clock genes from AVP neurons disrupted the entire SCN network, while VIP neurons were less affected.
Research in mice indicates ACE2 receptor is primarily found on tongue cells with rough surfaces, not in taste bud cells, suggesting alternative mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2-induced taste loss.
A University of Houston researcher has discovered a mechanism for a protein called Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 5 (NFAT 5) that regulates tonicity and protects cells against cell death. NFAT 5 produces protective osmolytes, which help maintain cellular integrity.
Researchers used multiomics analysis to investigate HIV-1-infected cells in humanized mice. The study identified multiple characteristics of HIV-1-producing cells, including viral genome and transcriptomic profiles, which could provide insights for developing an HIV-1 cure.
A team of researchers at North Carolina State University has identified a microRNA, miR-218-5p, that enhances the molecular pathway responsible for promoting hair follicle growth. The study found that increasing miR-218-5p promoted hair regrowth in mice treated with 3D cultured dermal papilla cells.
A study found that malaria drug chloroquine does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells, raising concerns about its potential use as a COVID-19 treatment. The research highlights the importance of using relevant cell lines in clinical trials to ensure effective treatments.
UW-Madison researchers have created a safer way to deliver mRNA-based therapy for cancer, liver disorders, and vaccination. Tiny mineral particles (MCMs) with pores on their surface can carry molecules like proteins or messenger RNA, mimicking ancient discoveries in archaeology.
A new study by the University of Tokyo reveals that cell-laden hydrogel fibers with a diameter of 1.0 mm provide long-term immunoprotection and functionality for pancreatic cells in diabetic mice, outperforming thinner fibers.
Researchers have developed a wearable device that uses external electric fields to trigger insulin release from bioengineered cells, stabilizing blood glucose levels in mice. The approach opens the door for remote-controlled diabetes therapies and represents an expansion of electrogenetic toolboxes for human therapeutics.
Researchers have developed a CRISPR-Cas9 method to optimize proteins in mammalian cells, producing the fluorescent protein mCRISPRed that labels lysosomes. This technique enables targeted protein diversification and validation within organelles, opening new possibilities for biosensors, receptors, and therapeutic proteins.
Scientists have introduced nanodevices into mammalian cells to study the processes governing development and cellular behavior. The tiny devices measure forces exerted within the cell interior, providing insights into how intracellular matter rearranges itself over time.
Researchers have developed genetically-encoded X-ray-sensitive tags for site-specific labeling of protein-of-interest in mammalian cells. This enables endogenous labeling of diverse molecules and subcellular structures with an ultrahigh spatial resolution of ~30 nm. The high photostability of these tags allows long-term observation of ...
Researchers at University at Buffalo have developed a method to produce millions of mature human cells in mouse embryos, which could lead to game-changing stem cell treatments for critical diseases. The technique involves converting human pluripotent stem cells into a form compatible with the inner cell mass inside a mouse blastocyst, ...
A new 3D atlas of the mouse brain provides cellular-level detail, identifying previously unseen structures and nerve fibers. The Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) is an average of serial images from 1,675 mice, allowing for comparison and integration of diverse data types.
A new study reveals that a key protein in controlling high blood pressure behaves differently in males and females. In female mice, the protein Kv2.1 contracts blood vessels, while in male mice, it dilates them. This difference has significant implications for developing tailored treatment strategies for hypertension in men and women.
The MIT-led consortium analyzed 18 incidents of viral contamination in biopharmaceutical drugs and found that most were caused by Chinese hamster ovary cells. The study recommends companies use rapid virus detection systems and new technologies to inactivate or remove viruses from cell culture media.
A new study reveals that only a small percentage of respiratory and intestinal cells express the necessary receptors, making them susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, the virus may exploit one of the body's main defenses, interferon, to gain entry into these cells.
Researchers have discovered a way to trigger heart cell regeneration using the overactive Myc gene, offering a potential first curative treatment for heart disease. The breakthrough involves targeting a specific protein, Cyclin T1, which enables the cells to replicate and regenerate.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway that boosts brown fat cell's heat-generating capacity without increasing fat accumulation. This finding suggests that activating this pathway may benefit people with obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic diseases.
Scientists at Leibniz-IZW developed a method to isolate and cryopreserve testicular cells of threatened or endangered felines. The method allows for the safekeeping of gametes, enabling conservation efforts through biobanking and future applications in species preservation.
Maintaining vitamin D receptor levels in pancreatic cells may protect against diabetes development and counteract cell damage. Researchers found that sustained VDR expression preserves β-cell mass and function, reducing inflammation and hyperglycemia.
Scientists create a technique to transform cells into chemical engineers that use synthetic materials to construct functional polymers with specific properties. They successfully built artificial structures on mammalian brain cells and neurons in the worm C. elegans, which can alter their behaviors.
Researchers discovered a 'mild depolarization' of the inner mitochondrial membrane regulates mROS production and is key to the anti-ageing program. This mechanism falls apart in mice at 1 year but persists in naked mole rats up to 20 years, contributing to their exceptional longevity.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 requires the protease TMPRSS2 to enter host cells, a target for therapeutic intervention. The drug camostat mesilate, approved for pancreatic inflammation, shows promise in blocking virus entry into lung cells.
A new study by Salk scientists shows that caloric restriction can protect against aging in cellular pathways, reducing inflammation and increasing life span. The study found that 57% of age-related changes in cell composition were not present in rats on a restricted diet.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed an affordable oral therapy to help broken bones heal faster in people with diabetes. The therapy, grown in plants, uses a protein called insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to stimulate bone-building cells and promote bone regeneration.
Researchers discovered that the monkeyflower's distinctive spots are controlled by a reaction-diffusion mechanism involving two proteins. The study used mathematical modeling and experimentation to validate the theory, shedding light on how natural patterns arise.
Researchers from the Technical University of Denmark have discovered a way to improve EPO production by knocking out specific genes in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. This results in a 1.4-fold increase in production and significantly improved product quality, with up to 40% of the most active EPO form produced.
A new synthetic biology toolkit called COMET allows researchers to design and tune gene expression programs in mammalian cells with unprecedented precision. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel cell-based therapies for cancer and other challenging diseases.
A bovine embryo successfully regenerates its placenta-forming cells, demonstrating a high regenerative capacity compared to mice. The study opens up possibilities for genetic testing and breeding cattle with improved qualities.
Researchers found that a specific type of immune cell accumulates in older brains and that activating these cells improves the memory of aged mice. Activating these cells also increases the formation of new nerve cells in the hippocampus and reduces inflammation.
Researchers analyzed ovarian cells from young and old non-human primates to understand ovarian aging. They identified genes that could be used as biomarkers and point to therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating female infertility and age-associated ovarian diseases.
A new study reveals that neurons in the striatum require the huntingtin gene for regulating movement, maintaining cell health, and developing connections between cells. This discovery may provide a new avenue against Huntington's disease, which affects motor control, dementia, and psychiatric symptoms.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that specialized cells use a process more common in non-mammalian species to create hundreds of cilia, challenging the long-held assumption that deuterosomes play a central role. This discovery could lead to new treatments for cilia-related disorders.
A new study reveals that molecular chaperones play a crucial role in preventing the misfolding of alpha-synuclein protein, which is associated with diseases like Parkinson's. By inhibiting these chaperones, researchers found that alpha-synuclein aggregates can form at the amino acid level.
Researchers discovered a way to reprogram mature inner ear cells to proliferate and regenerate hair-cell-like cells in adult mice. This breakthrough could lead to the development of treatments to restore hearing in people with hearing loss. The study provides hope for regrowing sensory hair cells and other important inner ear cell types.
Researchers at MUSC found that primary cilia generate approximately 60% of small EVs produced by renal tubule cells, with manipulation of cilium length affecting EV production. The protein content of EVs varies depending on cilia length, suggesting a significant role for cilia in intercellular communication.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have discovered a mechanism by which actin filaments are formed in the nucleus, controlling chromatin dynamics and influencing genome readability. Physiological messengers trigger the assembly and disassembly of actin filaments, regulating the density of chromosomes.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a novel tool called the Micro-Electro-Fluidic Probe (MeFP) that can selectively separate and pattern mammalian cells in an open microfluidic system. The device demonstrates high isolation efficiency, separation purity, and fast pattern deposition rates.
A team of international scientists has developed a new method for culturing primate embryos in the lab, allowing them to study early developmental processes for the first time. The breakthrough provides valuable insight into embryonic development and potentially informs approaches to advance regenerative medicine in humans.
Researchers discovered unique brain cell types specific to male and female mice in the hypothalamus region, which governs aggression and mating behaviors. The study found 17 distinct cell types, with some abundant in males and others only in females.
Researchers found type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are responsible for maintaining the gut's immune system. Targeting clock genes may lead to treatments for digestive ailments, such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity.